Contributions for the capacity development in Food and Nutrition in Public Health

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Políticas Públicas e Saúde ColetivaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Nutrição SocialUniversidade Federal do Ceará Departamento de Saúde ComunitáriaAssociação Brasileira de Saúde ColetivaUNIFESP, Depto. de Políticas Públicas e Saúde ColetivaSciEL

Scaling up community-based obesity prevention in Australia: Background and evaluation design of the Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well initiative

Background : There is only limited evidence available on how best to prevent childhood obesity and community-based interventions hold promise, as several successful interventions have now been published. The Victorian Government has recently funded six disadvantaged communities across Victoria, Australia for three years to promote healthy eating and physical activity for children, families, and adults in a community-based participatory manner. Five of these intervention communities are situated in Primary Care Partnerships and are the subject of this paper. The interventions will comprise a mixture of capacity-building, environmental, and whole-of-community approaches with targeted and population-level interventions. The specific intervention activities will be determined locally within each community through stakeholder and community consultation. Implementation of the interventions will occur through funded positions in primary care and local government. This paper describes the design of the evaluation of the five primary care partnership-based initiatives in the \u27Go for your life\u27 Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well (HPC:BAEW) initiative.Methods/Design : A mixed method and multi-level evaluation of the HPC:BAEW initiative will capture process, impact and outcome data and involve both local and state-wide evaluators. There will be a combined analysis across the five community intervention projects with outcomes compared to a comparison group using a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design. The evaluation will capture process, weight status, socio-demographic, obesity-related behavioral and environmental data in intervention and comparison areas. This will be achieved using document analysis, paper-based questionnaires, interviews and direct measures of weight, height and waist circumference from participants (children, adolescents and adults).Discussion : This study will add significant evidence on how to prevent obesity at a population level in disadvantaged and ethnically diverse communities. The outcomes will have direct influence on policy and practice and guide the development and implementation of future obesity prevention efforts in Australia and internationally.<br /

Multinational prospective cohort study of rates and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia over 24 years in 42 countries of Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)

Objective: Rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are several times above those of high-income countries. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors (RFs) for VAP cases in ICUs of LMICs. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: This study was conducted across 743 ICUs of 282 hospitals in 144 cities in 42 Asian, African, European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries. Participants: The study included patients admitted to ICUs across 24 years. Results: In total, 289,643 patients were followed during 1,951,405 patient days and acquired 8,236 VAPs. We analyzed 10 independent variables. Multiple logistic regression identified the following independent VAP RFs: male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.28; P <.0001); longer length of stay (LOS), which increased the risk 7% per day (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.07-1.08; P <.0001); mechanical ventilation (MV) utilization ratio (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.23-1.31; P <.0001); continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which was associated with the highest risk (aOR, 13.38; 95% CI, 11.57-15.48; P <.0001)Revisión por pare

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adapting agriculture to climate change: A synopsis of coordinated national crop wild relative seed collecting programs across five continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges

Nursing and sexuality: integrative review of papers published by the Latin-American Journal of Nursing and Brazilian Journal of Nursing

This study departs from the assumption that studies addressing sexuality in the field of nursing present changes and broaden the scope of discussion to include gender and sexual rights, although a strong tendency to link sexuality to its biological aspects is still observed. This study identifies the state-of-the-art of studies addressing sexuality published by two international journals: Latin American Journal of Nursing and The Brazilian Journal of Nursing. The sources were papers published in both periodicals over a period of ten years (from 1998 to 2007). In a universe of 1,894 searched abstracts, 29 mentioned the word ‘sexuality’. The results confirm this study’s assumption showing that the studies addressing sexuality from the perspective of nursing published by these two journals broaden the understanding on the subject as they incorporate categories such as gender, but also excessively link sexuality to its biological aspects.Esta investigación partió del supuesto de que los estudios sobre sexualidad realizados por la Enfermería presentan cambios y amplían la perspectiva sobre la realidad al incluir género y derechos sexuales, a pesar de que permanezca una fuerte tendencia en la vinculación de la sexualidad a sus aspectos biológicos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el estado del arte de las publicaciones sobre sexualidad en dos periódicos de circulación internacional: Revista Latino Americana de Enfermería/RLAE y Revista Brasileña de Enfermería/REBEn. Las fuentes fueron artículos publicados en ambos periódicos en el período de diez años (1998 a 2007). En un universo de 1894 resúmenes consultados fueron identificados 29 que contenían en el título, palabras clave o el resumen de la palabra sexualidad. Los resultados confirman el supuesto del estudio demostrando que la producción sobre sexualidad por la Enfermería divulgada en esos dos periódicos, al mismo tiempo en que amplía la comprensión sobre la temática al incorporar categorías como género, mantiene la vinculación excesiva de la sexualidad a sus aspectos biológicos.Esta pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que os estudos sobre sexualidade, realizados pela Enfermagem, apresentam mudanças e ampliam o olhar sobre a realidade ao incluir gênero e direitos sexuais, embora permaneça forte tendência para a vinculação da sexualidade aos seus aspectos biológicos. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o estado da arte das publicações sobre sexualidade em dois periódicos de circulação internacional: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem/RLAE e Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem/REBEn. As fontes foram artigos publicados em ambos os periódicos, no período de dez anos (1998 a 2007). Em um universo de 1894 resumos consultados, foram identificados 29 que traziam no título, palavras-chave, ou resumo a palavra sexualidade. Os resultados confirmam o pressuposto do estudo, demonstrando que a produção sobre sexualidade pela Enfermagem, divulgada nesses dois periódicos, ao mesmo tempo em que amplia a compreensão sobre a temática ao incorporar categorias, como gênero, mantém vinculação excessiva da sexualidade aos seus aspectos biológicos