139 research outputs found
Real-time compression feedback for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest: a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial
Objective: To determine if real-time compression feedback using a non-automated hand-held device improves
patient outcomes from in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).
Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel study (no crossover) of patients with IHCA in
the mixed medical–surgical intensive care units (ICUs) of eight academic hospitals. Patients received either standard
manual chest compressions or compressions performed with real-time feedback using the Cardio First Angelâ„¢ (CFA)
device. The primary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and secondary outcomes were
survival to ICU and hospital discharge.
Results: One thousand four hundred fifty-four subjects were randomized; 900 were included. Sustained ROSC was
significantly improved in the CFA group (66.7% vs. 42.4%, P < 0.001), as was survival to ICU discharge (59.8% vs. 33.6%)
and survival to hospital discharge (54% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). Outcomes were not affected by intra-group comparisons
based on intubation status. ROSC, survival to ICU, and hospital discharge were noted to be improved in inter-group
comparisons of non-intubated patients, but not intubated ones.
Conclusion: Use of the CFA compression feedback device improved event survival and survival to ICU and hospital
discharge
Gene Expression Profiles of the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines Define Molecular Interaction Networks Governing Cell Migration Processes
Although there is extensive information on gene expression and molecular interactions in various cell types, integrating those data in a functionally coherent manner remains challenging. This study explores the premise that genes whose expression at the mRNA level is correlated over diverse cell lines are likely to function together in a network of molecular interactions. We previously derived expression-correlated gene clusters from the database of the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines and associated each cluster with function categories of the Gene Ontology (GO) database. From a cluster rich in genes associated with GO categories related to cell migration, we extracted 15 genes that were highly cross-correlated; prominent among them were RRAS, AXL, ADAM9, FN14, and integrin-beta1. We then used those 15 genes as bait to identify other correlated genes in the NCI-60 database. A survey of current literature disclosed, not only that many of the expression-correlated genes engaged in molecular interactions related to migration, invasion, and metastasis, but that highly cross-correlated subsets of those genes engaged in specific cell migration processes. We assembled this information in molecular interaction maps (MIMs) that depict networks governing 3 cell migration processes: degradation of extracellular matrix, production of transient focal complexes at the leading edge of the cell, and retraction of the rear part of the cell. Also depicted are interactions controlling the release and effects of calcium ions, which may regulate migration in a spaciotemporal manner in the cell. The MIMs and associated text comprise a detailed and integrated summary of what is currently known or surmised about the role of the expression cross-correlated genes in molecular networks governing those processes
The relationship between doses of mindfulness-based programs and depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness: a dose-response meta-regression of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Objectives: Research with mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) has found participating in an MBP to predict beneficial outcomes, however, there is currently mixed research regarding the most helpful dose. This review aimed to determine whether different doses related to MBPs significantly predict outcomes.
Methods: Systematic literature searches of electronic databases and trial registration sites for all randomized controlled trials of MBPs identified 203 studies (N=15,971). Depression was the primary outcome at post-program and follow-up, with secondary outcomes being mindfulness, anxiety and stress. Doses examined related to session numbers, duration and length, facilitator contact and practice. Dose-response relationships were analyzed using meta-regression in R with separate analyses for inactive and active controls.
Results: Initial meta-analyses found significant between-group differences favoring MBPs for all outcomes. Meta-regression results suggested significant dose-response relationships for the mindfulness outcome for doses relating to face-to-face contact (d=0.211; C.I.[0.064,0.358]), program intensity (d=0.895; C.I.[0.315,1.474]) and actual program use (d=0.013; C.I.[0.001,0.024]). The majority of results for psychological outcomes, including depression, were not significant.
Conclusions:
This meta-regression examines dose-response relationships for different types and doses relating to MBPs. Considered together, MBPs appeared helpful compared to controls, supporting previous research. Based on meta-regression results, there was no evidence that larger doses are more helpful than smaller doses for predicting psychological outcomes; a finding consistent with some previous research particularly with non-clinical populations. Additionally, greater contact, intensity and actual use of MBPs predicting increased mindfulness corresponds with previous research and theory. Potential limitations and recommendations for future research are explored
Precision measurement of violation in the penguin-mediated decay
A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay
is performed using collision data collected
by the LHCb experiment at % at TeV, the center-of-mass energy of
13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The
-violating phase and direct -violation parameter are measured
to be rad and
, respectively, assuming the same values
for all polarization states of the system. In these results, the
first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters
are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence
for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb
measurements using collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV,
yielding rad and . This is the most precise study of time-dependent violation
in a penguin-dominated meson decay. The results are consistent with
symmetry and with the Standard Model predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2023-001.html (LHCb
public pages
Observation of Two New Excited Ξb0 States Decaying to Λb0 K-π+
Two narrow resonant states are observed in the Λb0K-π+ mass spectrum using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb-1. The minimal quark content of the Λb0K-π+ system indicates that these are excited Ξb0 baryons. The masses of the Ξb(6327)0 and Ξb(6333)0 states are m[Ξb(6327)0]=6327.28-0.21+0.23±0.12±0.24 and m[Ξb(6333)0]=6332.69-0.18+0.17±0.03±0.22 MeV, respectively, with a mass splitting of Δm=5.41-0.27+0.26±0.12 MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the Λb0 mass measurement. The measured natural widths of these states are consistent with zero, with upper limits of Γ[Ξb(6327)0]<2.20(2.56) and Γ[Ξb(6333)0]<1.60(1.92) MeV at a 90% (95%) credibility level. The significance of the two-peak hypothesis is larger than nine (five) Gaussian standard deviations compared to the no-peak (one-peak) hypothesis. The masses, widths, and resonant structure of the new states are in good agreement with the expectations for a doublet of 1D Ξb0 resonances
Measurement of the differential branching fraction
The branching fraction of the rare decay is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass
intervals, , excluding the and regions. The data
sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies
of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9\
\mathrm{fb}^{-1}q^{2}q^{2} >15.0\
\mathrm{GeV}^2/c^4$, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model
dependence, agrees with the predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-050.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D*) and R(D0)
The ratios of branching fractions
R
(
D
∗
)
≡
B
(
¯
B
→
D
∗
τ
−
¯
ν
τ
)
/
B
(
¯
B
→
D
∗
μ
−
¯
ν
μ
)
and
R
(
D
0
)
≡
B
(
B
−
→
D
0
τ
−
¯
ν
τ
)
/
B
(
B
−
→
D
0
μ
−
¯
ν
μ
)
are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to
3.0
fb
−
1
of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
τ
−
→
μ
−
ν
τ
¯
ν
μ
. The measured values are
R
(
D
∗
)
=
0.281
±
0.018
±
0.024
and
R
(
D
0
)
=
0.441
±
0.060
±
0.066
, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is
ρ
=
−
0.43
. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model
Search for rare decays of D0 mesons into two muons
A search for the very rare
D
0
→
μ
+
μ
−
decay is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at
√
s
=
7
, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
9
fb
−
1
. The search is optimized for
D
0
mesons from
D
*
+
→
D
0
π
+
decays but is also sensitive to
D
0
mesons from other sources. No evidence for an excess of events over the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of this decay is set at
B
(
D
0
→
μ
+
μ
−
)
<
3.1
×
10
−
9
at a 90% C.L. This represents the world’s most stringent limit, constraining models of physics beyond the standard model
- …