إنكار النفس عند الملامتية

في كل زمان نجد أناس يبالغون في ملامة أنفسهم على الصغيرة قبل الكبيرة عن غير وعي وبدون إرادة وهذا راجع لمعتقداتهم الدينية وتكوينهم النفسي والاجتماعي، هؤلاء يدخلون في عداد المرضى النفسيين، غير أنَّ ما يثير العجب وجود جماعة من الناس في حقبة معينة تعود إلى منتصف القرن الثالث عشر الهجري قد امتهنوا ذلك عن إرادة وتصميم منطلقين من احتقارهم للنفس الإنسانية باعتبارها مصدر الشرور ومكمن الخديعة لا يصدر عنها إلا الخبيث، ولا تنطوي إلا على الدنيء، قد سموا أنفسهم بالملامتية والتي تربطهم علاقة وثيقة بالفتوّة هؤلاء الفتيان الزهاد (الشباب المؤمن)، فقد أخذوا من التصوف اسمه فنسبوا إليه واشتركوا مع الصوفية بأحد أركانها وهو محاربة النفس غير أنهم افترقوا عنهم في جعلهم إنكار النفس بقصد إصلاحها غايتهم وهدفهم الرئيسي فلا فناء يعنيهم ولا وصال ولا اتحاد يسعون إليه

Resveratrol: Properties, Sources, Production and Their Medical Applications A Review

مقدمة: وصف الريسفيراترول ((RVS لأول مرة من قبل Takaoka  سنة 1939  في جذور Veratrum grandiflorum طرق العمل: هو من الفينولات الطبيعية  3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilben)) الموجودة في أكثر من سبعين نباتًا ، خاصة في قشور وبذور العنب والنبيذ الأحمر والأغذية البشرية الأخرى. تم تخليق الرابطة المزدوجة لـ RSV بواسطة تكثيف   Wittig. بينما يتم الإنتاج الحيوي من حمض فينيل بروبانويد الذي يحتوي على أحماض سيناميك و 4-كوماريك مشتقة من الأحماض الأمينية . يعمل RSV مرارًا وتكرارًا على تأجيل معدل العدوى ، على سبيل المثال ، تصلب الشرايين ومرض القلب والأوعية الدموية ومرض السكري من النوع 2 والأورام الخبيثة والأمراض التنكسية العصبية. الاستنتاجات: تعاملت معظم الدراسات مع RSV كمضاد للأكسدة وعلاج للأضرار التأكسدية التي تسبب الضرر في الجسم الحي ، مثل مرض السكري والتنكس العصبي وأمراض القلب والسرطان والشيخوخة. تشتهر RSV بكفاءتها القوية  كمضاد للأاكسدة. في هذا البحث ،  تم  ايضاح  مصادر RSV ،  كما تم تضمين كيفية إنتاج و خصائص RSV .بالإضافة إلى البيانات السابقة التي تمت مراجعتها والتي تناولت استخدام RSV كمادة علاجية لإدارة شيخوخة الجلد وعلاج السرطان والسكري وضغط الدم وكداعم للدماغ.Background: Resveratrol(RVS) was described at first by Takaoka in 1939 as a bioactive part in the Veratrum grandiflorum plant roots. Materials and Methods: RVS a (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) a natural phenols which were founded in over than seventy plants, especially in grapes' skins and seeds, red wines and other human nourishments. The double bond of RSV has been  synthesized by a Wittig condensation. While, bioproduction is launched from phenylpropanoid acid having cinnamic and 4-coumaric acids which were derived from amino acids. RSV over and over deferred the rate of infections, for example, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular sickness, diabetes type 2, malignancy and neurodegenerative illnesses. Results: Most of the studies dealt with RSV as an antioxidant and treatment for oxidative damage that causes damage in vivo, such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, heart disease, cancer and aging. RSV is several known for its powerful scavenging efficiency. Conclusion: In this research, sources,production and features of RSV are included as well as the previous data that was reviewed that dealt with the use of RSV as a therapeutic substance for managing aging skin, cancer treatment, diabetes, blood pressure and brain suppor

Effect of a Mixture of Plants Extracts on Genomic DNA, Insulin Receptor, and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Genes in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Rats.

This study was designed to study the effects of methanol-watery extracts mixture of five selective medicinal plants on genomic DNA, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate-1 genes in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. The molecular assays used in this study was DNA fragmentation test and polymerase chain reaction of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1. Phytochemical assays (thin layer chromatography (TLC) and antioxidant activity by ?- carotene spray) were carried out for characterization of methanol-watery extracts of each plants used (Trigonella faenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds, Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds, Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes, Olea europeae (olive) leaves, and Fraxinus ssp.(ash) seeds). The results indicate presence of number of antioxidant bands with different retardation factors (Rf).   Molecular study of DNA showed fragmentation in both DNA extracted from WBC and renal cortex in diabetic group while treatment with mixture  of plants extracts significantly reduced DNA fragmentation in both DNA extracted from WBC and renal cortex in all treatment groups except treatment for 45 days which still had lyses level 5000 bp of DNA extracted from renal cortex. On the other hand, insulin receptor gene of diabetic and diabetic-treated groups for different periods (45, 60, 75 days) showed precense of one band (200 bp) compared with normal control which had two bands while insulin receptor substrate-1 has normal band (320 bp) in normal and treated groups. Keywords: alloxan, insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate -1, antioxidant, DNA fragmentatio

Application of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique to Estimate Genetic Distance among Some Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Iraqi Hospitals

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal nosocomial causative agents. This bacterium has the capability to resist wide range of antibiotics and it is responsible for many diseases like skin, nose and wounds infection. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was applied with ten random primers to examine the molecular diversity among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the hospitals and to investigate the genetic distance between them. 90 Isolates were collected from clinical specimens from Iraqi hospitals for a total of 90 isolates. Only 10 strains (11.11%) were found to be MRSA. From these 10 primers, only 9 gave clear amplification products. 91 fragment lines were generated from these primers across all isolates with an average of 10 fragment lines per primer. Of these, 90 (99%) were polymorphic. The size of the amplified bands ranged between 145-2109 bp. The polymorphism percentage for all primers was 100% except OP-X17 primer which gave 86% polymorphism. The genetic distances revealed from Jaccard similarity index was calculated for the 90 RAPD polymorphic fragment lines. The highest genetic distance value 0.959 was between isolate number (1) and (5) and between isolate number (3) and (10), while the lowest genetic distance value 0.218 was between isolate number (6) and (7). This study shows that RAPD-PCR technique assayed with nine primers can be successfully applied to reveal the genetic distances among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from different hospitals

Protective Effect of Plants Extracts Mixture on Sperm Abnormalities, Testicular and Epididymal Tissues in Diabetic Male Rats

Background: Diabetes has been associated with reproductive impairment in both men and women. About 90% of diabetic patients have disturbances in sexual function, including a decrease in libido, impotence and infertility. Attention has been paid to the search of effective drugs in the field of traditional medicine. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM)  on the sperm abnormalities, testicular and epididymal tissues of male rats. Also to evaluate the efficiency of the mixture of methanol-watery extracts composed of five medicinal plants (Trigonella faenum-graecum seeds, Nigella sativa seeds, Zingiber officinale rhizomes, Olea europeae leaves and Fraxinus ssp.seeds) in reducing harmful effect of DM on the percentage of sperm abnormalities, testicular and epididymal tissues. Methods: Twenty-four mature male rats were used in six groups (n=4), the first group kept as a control. The second group received alloxan (120 mg/ kg body weight i.p.) for 3 days to induction of T2DM while the third, fourth, and fifth groups were diabetic rats received the plants extracts mixture orally for 45, 60, 75 days, respectively after induction of T2DM. The sixth group received the plants extracts mixture for 60 days. By the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and the testis and epididymis were excised and sperm was collected for morphological abnormalities of the sperm shape. Also histopathological examination of the testes and epididymis were examined. Results: The sperm shape abnormalities significantly increased (p<0.05) in alloxan – induced diabetic rats compared with normal control group. Histopathological examination showed degenerative changes of both testes and epididymis in diabetic rats which include significant decrease (p<0.05) in both diameter of seminiferous tubules and their germinal epithelium heights and non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in both diameters of cauda epididymal tubules and height of epithelium of cauda epididymal  tubules. On the other hand, atrophied seminiferous tubules, atrophied spermatogenic cells and the lumen of semineferous tubules free from sperm was detected. Furthermore, expansion of interstitial space between seminiferous tubules were seen . In contrast , oral administration of the plants extracts mixture to the diabetic rats at three period of study 45, 60, 75 days, respectively statistically decreased (p<0.05) most sperms abnormalities compared with diabetic group and caused non-significant differences compared with control group besides enhancing the histological changes of both testes and epididymis. Conclusion: DM has negative effect in male testis and epidydimis of alloxan-induced rats and may contribute in reduction of fertility while the plants extracts mixture used in this study can reduce most degerenative changes occurred in testes and epidydimis in diabetic groups treated with the mixture of plants extracts. Therefore, plants extracts mixture can be effectively used by DM patients for therapeutic purpose. Key words: Alloxan- induced diabetes, Sperm Abnormalities, Histopathological Changes of testis and epididymis, rats

Acylated Flavone O-Glucuronides from the Aerial Parts of Nepeta curviflora

Nepeta curviflora Boiss. (Syrian catnip) is native to the Middle East. This medicinal plant is commonly used against nervous disorders, rheumatic pains, and high blood pressure. Herbal infusions prepared from various Nepeta spp. are extensively consumed as functional food. However, limited information has been known about the phenolic constituents of Syrian catnip. In this study, two acylated flavone 7-O-glucuronides, apigenin 7-O-(2″-O-(2‴-(E-caffeoyl)-β-glucuronopyranosyl)-β-glucuronopyranoside) (1) and luteolin 7-O-(2″-O-(2‴-(E-caffeoyl)-β-glucuronopyranosyl)-β-glucuronopyranoside) (2), along with the known phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, apigenin, and apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside were isolated from the aerial parts of N. curviflora. The characterizations of these compounds were based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, UV, and extensive use of multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The new compounds (1 and 2) were identified in the unmodified state and as dimethylesters.publishedVersio

Thyroid Metabolic Hormones and its Correlation with BMI and Lipid Profile in Healthy People

Background:Thyroid hormone play an important role in basal lipid metabolism.It is well known that alteration in thyroid function can result in changes in the composition and in the transport of lipoprotein.This study aimed to study the effects of thyroid hormone on serum lipids and evaluted the correlation between thyroid hormone with Body Mass Index(BMI) and lipid profile of healthy people. Methods:Total of 56 healthy people(28 male:28 female) ,aged 30-60 years included in this study.About 5ml of fasting blood (8-12 h.) was collected from each individual.To determine serum Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) and the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique were used.Lipid profile were measured by an enzymatic colorimetric(GPO-POD) method. Results:The result of the present study showed that the levels of triglyceride was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in males than females ,while the levels of triiodothyronine was significantly higher(p< 0.05) in females than males of healthy people.Correlation analysis in healthy males showed positive correlation among BMI with lipid profile,while an inverse correlation between TSH and T4,also an inverse correlation between T3 and HDL .In healthy females there was positive correlation among T3 with BMI and WC,also between T4 and LDL ,while an inverse correlation between TSH and VLDL. Conclusions:Thyroid metabolic hormone especially T3 regulate the resting metabolic rate and the mild thyroid dysfunction was linked to significantly changes in body weight ,lipid profile and likely represents risk factor for healthy and obesity. Keywords:Thyroid metabolic hormone,lipid profile,BMI ,healthy peopl

The Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the activity of salivary peroxidase in periodontitis patients

Background:The technology of nanoparticles has been expanded to many aspects of modern life. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were of many nanomaterials utilized in biomedical applications. The interactions between nanoparticles and proteins are believed to be the base for the biological effect of the nanoparticles. The oxidation reaction of many substances is catalyzed by oxidizing enzymes called peroxidases. The activity of salivary peroxidase is elevated with periodontal diseases. the aim ofthis study is to examine the action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on salivary peroxidase activity.Material and method75 participants were enrolled in this study—Periodontitis group with 44 participants and the non-periodontitis group with 31 participants. The participants' age range was 35 to 50 years for both groups. The clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were used in this study to determine the presence or absence of the periodontal disease. Unstimulated saliva was collected from all participants and analyzed for the activity of peroxidase enzyme under the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. ResultsThe Periodontitis group showed higher peroxidase enzyme activity than the non-periodontitis group and the activity of salivary peroxidase showed no correlation with the clinical parameters. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased salivary peroxidase activity. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the solid surface of nanoparticles could induce changes in the attached protein molecule which in turn causes changes in the effect of the nanoparticles on living tissue or organism. The titanium dioxide nanoparticles Play a role in increasing the activity of salivary peroxidase within the saliva of chronic periodontitis patients

Burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Moradi-Lakeh M, Forouzanfar MH, Vollset SE, et al. Burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2017;76(8):annrheumdis-2016-210146

The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Akinyemiju T, Abera S, Ahmed M, et al. The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. JAMA ONCOLOGY. 2017;3(12):1683-1691.IMPORTANCE Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths globally. The most common causes for liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol use. OBJECTIVE To report results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study on primary liver cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 countries or territories from 1990 to 2015, and present global, regional, and national estimates on the burden of liver cancer attributable to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and an " other" group that encompasses residual causes. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS Mortalitywas estimated using vital registration and cancer registry data in an ensemble modeling approach. Single-cause mortality estimates were adjusted for all-cause mortality. Incidence was derived from mortality estimates and the mortality-to-incidence ratio. Through a systematic literature review, data on the proportions of liver cancer due to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and other causes were identified. Years of life lost were calculated by multiplying each death by a standard life expectancy. Prevalence was estimated using mortality-to-incidence ratio as surrogate for survival. Total prevalence was divided into 4 sequelae that were multiplied by disability weights to derive years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were the sum of years of life lost and YLDs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Liver cancer mortality, incidence, YLDs, years of life lost, DALYs by etiology, age, sex, country, and year. RESULTS There were 854 000 incident cases of liver cancer and 810 000 deaths globally in 2015, contributing to 20 578 000 DALYs. Cases of incident liver cancer increased by 75% between 1990 and 2015, of which 47% can be explained by changing population age structures, 35% by population growth, and -8% to changing age-specific incidence rates. The male-to-female ratio for age-standardized liver cancer mortality was 2.8. Globally, HBV accounted for 265 000 liver cancer deaths (33%), alcohol for 245 000 (30%), HCV for 167 000 (21%), and other causes for 133 000 (16%) deaths, with substantial variation between countries in the underlying etiologies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in many countries. Causes of liver cancer differ widely among populations. Our results show that most cases of liver cancer can be prevented through vaccination, antiviral treatment, safe blood transfusion and injection practices, as well as interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the identification and elimination of risk factors for liver cancer will be required to achieve a sustained reduction in liver cancer burden. The GBD study can be used to guide these prevention efforts