Accelerated life testing effects on CMOS microcircuit characteristics, phase 1

An accelerated life test of sufficient duration to generate a minimum of 50% cumulative failures in lots of CMOS devices was conducted to provide a basis for determining the consistency of activation energy at 250 C. An investigation was made to determine whether any thresholds were exceeded during the high temperature testing, which could trigger failure mechanisms unique to that temperature. The usefulness of the 250 C temperature test as a predictor of long term reliability was evaluated

Humor als Bewältigungsstrategie: Stand-Up Comedy im Libanon

Das Ende des 30 Jahre andauernden Bürgerkriegs brachte dem Libanon keinen Frieden. Anstatt die verfeindeten konfessionalistischen Gruppen zu versöhnen, verfolgte die politische Riege eine Strategie der Verdrängung. Die in den 1990er Jahren geborene Nachkriegsgeneration wächst somit in einer Gesellschaft auf, in der das Trauma der Elterngeneration sowie die sozialen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen des Krieges überall zu spüren und zu sehen sind. Die junge Generation übernimmt das Trauma der Eltern und erbt die Narrative des Konfessionalismus. Wie jedoch mit kollektivem Leid umgehen? Wie sich der gemeinsamen Geschichte stellen? Und wie den Kreislauf der Weitergabe von transgenerational vererbten Traumata durchbrechen? Im Libanon hat die ständige Ungewissheit des Lebens eine immer düsterere und tabubrechende Stand-Up Comedy hervorgebracht. Die jungen Comedians und Comediennes nutzen ihren Humor, um kontroverse, teilweise der Zensur unterliegende, Themen wie das Sektierertum oder vererbte Traumata anzusprechen oder die Korruption der politischen Elite zu kritisieren. Die Stand-Up Szene in Beirut wird zum sicheren und freien Raum im Libanon, um eigene Wahrheiten auszusprechen. Trauma mit Humor, Leid mit Lachen zu begegnen, erscheint auf den ersten Blick kontraintuitiv. In der Geschichte gibt es dennoch zahlreiche Beispiele wie Menschen, die traumatisierende Sachen erlebt haben, Humor als Bewältigungsmechanismus nutzten. Die Masterarbeit setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, ob Stand-Up Comedy einen Beitrag zur Aufarbeitung und Bewältigung des historischen und kollektiven Traumas im Libanon leistet, die transgenerational vererbten Folgen und Traumata des Kriegs anspricht und den Kreislauf dieser Weitergabe durch Humor unterbrechen kann. Für die Masterarbeit wurden vier Interviews mit libanesischen Stand-Up Comedians und Comediennes sowie dem Organisator der größten Stand-Up Show im Libanon im Rahmen eines Forschungsaufenthalts in Beirut von September bis Dezember 2019 geführt

Theoretical comparison of ISO/WD 16625:2023 with DIN EN 13001-3-2:2015 for the selection and verification of wire ropes for cranes and hoists

The paper focuses on a theoretical comparison between the newly designed ISO/WD 16625:2023 and DIN EN 13001-3-2:2015 valid at EU level in the context of the proof of competence of running wire ropes in vertical rope drives of cranes and hoists. The differences between the approaches to the proof of static strength and the proof of fatigue strength are discussed. With the help of the definition of application examples, variations in load spectrum factors and total number of working cycles, for the selected group class Ac3 for a 4/1 reeving system are considered by calculation and the results are compared with each other. There is also a variation of the ratio of the rope bending diameter D to the rope diameter d and the lifting range with an influence on the bending cycles per working cycle. This shows that, compared to DIN EN 13001-3-2:2015, the new ISO/WD 16625:2023 leads to a partially significant increase in the number of wire ropes required over the service life of a crane or hoist by taking into account the maximum tensile force of wire ropes depending on the D/d-ratio. DIN EN 13001-3-2:2015 refers to a single characteristic curve with a defined exponent, which calculates a higher load capacity for a rope in the event of fatigue. However, this results in risks of premature and unpredictable failure. The new ISO/WD 16625:2023 corrects and approximates the realistic fatigue behavior, which increases the safety of crane operation

Omental and pleural milky spots: different reactivity patterns in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni reveals coelomic compartmentalisation

In vertebrate animals, pleural and peritoneal cavities are repositories of milky spots (MS), which constitute an organised coelom-associated lymphomyeloid tissue that is intensively activated by Schistosoma mansoni infection. This study compared the reactive patterns of peritoneal MS to pleural MS and concluded from histological analysis that they represent independent responsive compartments. Whole omentum, lungs and the entire mediastinum of 54 S. mansoni-infected mice were studied morphologically. The omental MS of infected animals were highly activated, modulating from myeloid-lymphocytic (60 days of infection) to lymphomyeloid (90 days of infection) and lymphocytic or lymphoplasmacytic (160 days of infection) types. The non-lymphoid component predominated in the acute phase of infection and was expressed by monocytopoietic, eosinopoietic and neutropoietic foci, with isolated megakaryocytes and small foci of late normoblasts and mast cells. Nevertheless, pleural or thoracic MS of infected mice were monotonous, consisting of small and medium lymphocytes with few mast and plasma cells and no myeloid component. Our data indicate that compartmentalisation of the MS response is dependent on the lymphatic vascularisation of each coelomic cavity, limiting the effects or consequences of any stimulating or aggressive agents, as is the case with S. mansoni infection

Altered monocyte and fibrocyte phenotype and function in scleroderma interstitial lung disease: reversal by caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, or SSc). Fibrocytes are a monocyte-derived cell population implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosing disorders. Given the recently recognized importance of caveolin-1 in regulating function and signaling in SSc monocytes, in the present study we examined the role of caveolin-1 in the migration and/or trafficking and phenotype of monocytes and fibrocytes in fibrotic lung disease in human patients and an animal model. These studies fill a gap in our understanding of how monocytes and fibrocytes contribute to SSc-ILD pathology. We found that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4-positive (CXCR4+)/collagen I-positive (ColI+), CD34+/ColI+ and CD45+/ColI+ cells are present in SSc-ILD lungs, but not in control lungs, with CXCR4+ cells being most prevalent. Expression of CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12), are also highly upregulated in SSc-ILD lung tissue. SSc monocytes, which lack caveolin-1 and therefore overexpress CXCR4, exhibit almost sevenfold increased migration toward CXCL12 compared to control monocytes. Restoration of caveolin-1 function by administering the caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide reverses this hypermigration. Similarly, transforming growth factor β-treated normal monocytes lose caveolin-1, overexpress CXCR4 and exhibit 15-fold increased monocyte migration that is CSD peptide-sensitive. SSc monocytes exhibit a different phenotype than normal monocytes, expressing high levels of ColI, CD14 and CD34. Because ColI+/CD14+ cells are prevalent in SSc blood, we looked for such cells in lung tissue and confirmed their presence in SSc-ILD lungs but not in normal lungs. Finally, in the bleomycin model of lung fibrosis, we show that CSD peptide diminishes fibrocyte accumulation in the lungs. Our results suggest that low caveolin-1 in SSc monocytes contributes to ILD via effects on cell migration and phenotype and that the hyperaccumulation of fibrocytes in SSc-ILD may result from the altered phenotype and migratory activity of their monocyte precursors

Studies on germ cells. I. The history of the germ cells in insects with special reference to the Keimbahn-determinants. II. The origin and significance of the Keimbahn-determinants in animals

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50235/1/1050250302_ftp.pd