Spatial arrangements between rows x radish plants

Given the importance of culture and the need for phytotechnical knowledge about the spatial arrangement of plants. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the productive parameters of the radish culture when submitted to different spatial arrangements between plants and rows. For this, the hybrid cultivar Red Pearl was used as a test in a randomized block experimental design, arranged in a 4 x 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors comprise the combination of crop spacing between “rows” and “plants”. The factor levels correspond to the distances between rows of: 8, 16, 24 and 32 cm; and plants of: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 cm. Root yield, average root mass, longitudinal and transverse diameters and non-commercial roots were determined. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and, when significant, to linear regression analysis with the aid of Software R. The results showed that there is no interaction between the spacing factors for the analyzed parameters, and the spacing between rows and plants influences the independently evaluated attributes. Both treatment factors, when increased, provide less mass and greater root diameters. Key words: Density, Raphanus sativus, Yield.Given the importance of this crop and the need for phytotechnical knowledge about the plant spatial arrangement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive parameters of the radish culture when submitted to different spatial arrangements between plants and rows. To achieve this aim, the hybrid cultivar Red Pearl was used as a test in a randomized block experimental design, in a 4 x 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors comprise the combination of crop spacing between “rows” and “plants”. The factor levels correspond to the distances between rows: 8, 16, 24, and 32 cm; and between plants: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 cm. Root yield, average root mass, longitudinal and transverse diameters, and non-commercial roots were determined. The data obtained were tabulated to obtain the averages, which were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk residual normality test, at 5% significance, followed by the analysis of variance. When the residual was normal and the response variable was significant, the data was analyzed using linear regression and the appropriate polynomial model was adjusted to present the results. Statistical analyzes were carried out using the R Software. The results show that there was no interaction between the spacing factors for the analyzed parameters, and the spacing between rows and plants influenced the attributes evaluated independently. The spatial arrangements with lower plant densities provided greater root mass and diameter. The importance of new studies involving fixing the spacing between rows and varying the spacing between plants is suggested to better understand the effect of new spatial arrangements on the productive parameters of the radish crop

Morangueiros Camino Real e Camarosa em espaçamentos de plantas reduzidos

The strawberry cultivars Camino Real and Camarosa are widely cultivated in Brazil, but they differ in vigor of plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hypothesis that they respond differently to reduction in plant spacing and the cultivar ‘Camino Real’ can be planted in higher plant densities with gains in yield. Experiments were conducted in three harvest seasons testing both cultivars in spacing of 30cm between rows and 20 to 40cm between plants. The berries production, precocity, vegetative growth, soluble solids content and phytosanitary losses were evaluated. The cultivars responded differently to the spacing, with higher yield per m² with smaller spacing. Nevertheless, no effect of spacing was found on soluble solids and phytosanitary losses. It is concluded that ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Camino Real’ respond differently to reduction in plant spacing, but smaller spacing increases yield of both, with no effect on soluble solids content nor in losses due to pests in fruits.Os cultivares de morangueiro Camino Real e Camarosa são amplamente cultivados no Brasil, mas diferem no vigor das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a hipótese de que eles respondem de maneira diferente à redução no espaçamento de plantio, e que Camino Real pode ser plantado em densidades maiores com vantagens no rendimento. Os experimentos foram executados em três safras, comparando os dois cultivares em espaçamentos de 30cm entre linhas e 20 a 40cm entre plantas. Foram avaliados a produção de morangos, o crescimento vegetativo, o teor de sólidos solúveis e as perdas fitossanitárias. Os cultivares responderam de formas diferentes aos espaçamentos, mas ambos produziram maior quantidade em espaçamentos menores. Apesar disso, não foram observados efeito do espaçamento nos sólidos solúveis e perdas fitossanitárias. Conclui-se que Camarosa e Camino Real respondem de maneiras diferentes à redução do espaçamento de plantio, mas ao reduzi-lo se aumenta o rendimento dos dois, sem afetar o teor de sólidos solúveis nem as perdas de morangos por pragas e doenças

Late diagnosis of celiac disease in an asymptomatic infant with growth failure

The clinical spectrum for celiac disease (CD) is broad and includes cases with either typical (intestinal) or atypical (extraintestinal) features, often making the diagnosis of CD very difficult. We describe the case of a girl presenting with stunted growth and malnourishment. She was evaluated at 14 months for decreased growth rate without any signs of gastrointestinal, renal or endocrine disorders. She was evaluated for CD, but resulted negative for anti-tTG antibodies. At the age of 4.1 years, she exhibited basal dental enamel hypoplasia, iron deficiency anaemia despite repeated iron supplementation, with persistent reduced height (-2.79 SDS), BMI (-0.76 SDS), growth velocity (-1.79 SDS) and delayed bone age (1.5 year). The CD screening was repeated and very high anti-tTG-IgA (128 IU/ml, normal values 40 IELs/100 epithelial cells) confirming the diagnosis of CD. A gluten-free diet was started and after only four months, her growth velocity increased from 4.83 cm/year (-1.79 SDS) to 6.53 cm/year (-0.15 SDS). In conclusion, we report the development of a positive serology for CD in an asymptomatic child with growth retardation, who previously was investigated for CD and resulted negative. Therefore, when faced with retarded growth in young patients, after excluding other malabsorption conditions and even when CD serological markers are negative, the paediatric endocrinologist should request HLA genotyping, before the intestinal biopsy, in order to check for the presence of risk alleles

Socio-technical management of software testing in information systems projects

Brazilian companies that develop software for information systems are aware of the pressing need for continuous improvement in process quality. Towards aligning business processes with software routines implemented in an information system, one should address the institutional practices of software testing. From a socio-technical perspective and with the help of two theoretical models developed in this study to outline and guide the testing activities from a managerial and process-based perspective, in-depth interviews with ten experts in software quality and software testing enabled us to identify and validate analytical categories that mediate the relation between those two models. The result was the development of an organizational structure to support managers, developers and customers in software projects for enterprise information systems.Na indústria brasileira de desenvolvimento de software para sistemas de informações, observa-se sensibilidade das empresas quanto à necessária melhoria contínua na qualidade do processo produtivo. Uma das formas de tratar a qualidade do desenvolvimento de software - na expectativa de alinhar os processos de negócio do cliente às rotinas computacionalmente programadas no sistema de informações - dá-se por meio do teste de software. O teste de software busca institucionalizar práticas de gestão de projetos e desenvolvimento de produtos de software, com o objetivo de localizar os problemas - e não garantir a sua inexistência. A partir de uma perspectiva sociotécnica e dos modelos teóricos SET (gerencial) e ST-TS (processual) desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa para um melhor entendimento e orientação das atividades de teste, entrevistas em profundidade com dez especialistas em qualidade e teste de software permitiram a identificação e validação de categorias analíticas que mediam a relação entre fatores desses dois modelos, disto derivando-se o modelo organizacional VAST para auxiliar gestores, desenvolvedores e clientes em projetos de software para sistemas de informações empresariais

Exclusão escolar: a história continua no século XXI

This article presents the preliminary results of the ongoing research project entitled “The place of the teacher in school exclusion”, which investigates the expression of the phenomenon of school exclusion in the public schools of the municipality of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The results presented and discussed here were obtained after the conclusion of the first stage of the research project, which consisted of mapping the school reality of the 1st grade in the elementary public schools of Pelotas. This investigation uses the concept of school exclusion in its double dimension (Ferrari, 1999; Ferraro, 2004): on the one hand, exclusion from school, which refers both to non-access to school and to school evasion, and, on the other hand, exclusion at school, addressing the exclusion operated within the school process by means of mechanisms such as failing tests and repeating school years. Key Words: exclusion, elementary schools, public education, initial school grades.Este trabalho objetiva apresentar resultados preliminares da pesquisa em andamento “O lugar do professor na exclusão escolar”, que investiga a expressão do fenômeno da exclusão escolar na rede de ensino público municipal da cidade de Pelotas. Os resultados apresentados e discutidos foram obtidos a partir da conclusão da primeira etapa da pesquisa, quando foi realizado o mapeamento da realidade escolar da 1ª série do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de ensino. Nesta investigação, utiliza-se o conceito exclusão escolar em sua dupla dimensão (Ferrari, 1999; Ferraro, 2004). De um lado, a exclusão da escola, que se refere tanto ao não acesso à escola quanto à evasão da escola. De outro lado, a exclusão na escola, que remete à exclusão operada dentro do processo escolar, por meio de mecanismos como reprovação e repetência. Palavras-chave: exclusão, ensino fundamental, educação pública, séries iniciais

Psychological tests: quality of instruments of professional interest

Testes psicológicos são uma das mais típicas técnicas de avaliação, que se caracterizam como medida objetiva e padronizada de uma amostra de comportamento. Vários autores enfatizam a importância de um melhor preparo dos profissionais que utilizam testes psicológicos, enquanto outros afirmam que é necessário que os instrumentos apresentem qualidades psicométricas, pois só assim seus resultados serão confiáveis. Essa melhor qualidade diz respeito ao embasamento teórico dos testes, aos estudos de padronização, e à verificação sua validade e precisão. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade dos instrumentos de avaliação de interesses publicados no Brasil. Os manuais foram avaliados por meio de um questionário de psicólogos espanhóis (Cuestionario para la Evaluación de los Tests-CET), que verifica a qualidade do material, validade, precisão, normas, dentre outros aspectos. Os resultados não são animadores, pois revelaram que a maioria dos instrumentos consultados não apresenta dados mínimos de identificação, como data de padronização e estudos sobre os seus parâmetros psicométricos. Palavras-chave: testes psicológicos; parâmetros psicométricos; avaliação de interesse profissional.Psychological tests are one of the most typical techniques for patient evaluation and are characterized as an objective method and standardized sample of behavior. Many authors emphasize the importance of better preparation of professionals who use psychological tests. Other authors say it is necessary that the instrument used in these tests be of a high psychometric quality, as only in this way will the results be reliable. This better quality refers to the theoretical embasement of the tests, to standardization studies and to the verification of validity and precision. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the quality of the evaluation instruments of interest published in Brazil. The manuals have been evaluated by a questionnaire of Spanish psychologists (Cuestionario para la Evaluacion de los Tests-CET), which verify the quality of material, validity, precision, norms, amongst others aspects. The results, however, were not very good, therefore they show that majority of consulted instruments does not present minimum data for identification, the date of standardization and studies on psychometric parameters. Keywords: psychological tests; psychometric parameters; evaluation of Professional interest

Exclusão escolar: a história continua no século XXI

This article presents the preliminary results of the ongoing research project entitled “The place of the teacher in school exclusion”, which investigates the expression of the phenomenon of school exclusion in the public schools of the municipality of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The results presented and discussed here were obtained after the conclusion of the first stage of the research project, which consisted of mapping the school reality of the 1st grade in the elementary public schools of Pelotas. This investigation uses the concept of school exclusion in its double dimension (Ferrari, 1999; Ferraro, 2004): on the one hand, exclusion from school, which refers both to non-access to school and to school evasion, and, on the other hand, exclusion at school, addressing the exclusion operated within the school process by means of mechanisms such as failing tests and repeating school years. Key Words: exclusion, elementary schools, public education, initial school grades.Este trabalho objetiva apresentar resultados preliminares da pesquisa em andamento “O lugar do professor na exclusão escolar”, que investiga a expressão do fenômeno da exclusão escolar na rede de ensino público municipal da cidade de Pelotas. Os resultados apresentados e discutidos foram obtidos a partir da conclusão da primeira etapa da pesquisa, quando foi realizado o mapeamento da realidade escolar da 1ª série do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de ensino. Nesta investigação, utiliza-se o conceito exclusão escolar em sua dupla dimensão (Ferrari, 1999; Ferraro, 2004). De um lado, a exclusão da escola, que se refere tanto ao não acesso à escola quanto à evasão da escola. De outro lado, a exclusão na escola, que remete à exclusão operada dentro do processo escolar, por meio de mecanismos como reprovação e repetência. Palavras-chave: exclusão, ensino fundamental, educação pública, séries iniciais

Histological analysis of the pulp tissue of rats with testosterone deficiency submitted to orthodontic tooth movement induced / Análise histológica do tecido pulpar de ratos com deficiência de testosterona submetidos à movimentação dentária ortodôntica induzida

Considering the increased demand for orthodontic treatments in adult and elderly patients, with possible hormonal changes caused by age, this study carried out a histological analysis of pulp alterations in the molars of testosterone-deficient rats submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM), aiming at a better understanding of the pulp’s biological aspects. Thirty-two Wistar rats were used in four experimental groups, with 8 animals in each: G1 –control group animals, without experimental manipulation; G2 – animals submitted to bilateral orchidectomy; G3 – animals submitted to ITM technique; G4 – castrated animals submitted to ITM. We used a nickel-titanium (NiTi) spring to induce tooth movement, exerting a force of 50cN magnitude on the first upper molar. Seven days after the installation of the ITM device, the animals were euthanized, the jaws were dissected and stored in 10% formaldehyde for 24 hours and processed with routine histological techniques. We evaluated the efficiency of the force and verified tooth movement by measuring the distance between the first and second molars, at the cementoenamel junction level. The groups were histologically evaluated in terms of cellularity pattern, presence of dystrophic and hemodynamic alterations in the dental pulp. The ITM device succeeded in inducing tooth movement in the animals of groups G3 and G4, which differed from each other, with a higher movement rate in the group submitted to castration associated with ITM (G4). In the comparative analysis of groups, the animals’ pulp in groups G1 and G2 (not submitted to ITM) presented histological characteristics typical of the pulp tissue. We found no dystrophic changes such as necrosis, fibrosis, nodules, or calcifications in the pulp of experimental animals that could be attributed to ITM. The animals with orthodontic movement, castrated or not, presented dilated and congested vessels, in addition to hyalinized vessels in the root and coronary pulp. However, we observed no histological changes that could be attributed to testosterone deficiency. Thus, in this experimental model, testosterone deficiency did not cause morphological and degenerative changes in the pulp during tooth movement. The vascular alterations observed in the animals resulted from the orthodontic process

EFICIÊNCIA DE MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM DE LAGARTA DA SOJA E LAGARTA FALSA MEDIDEIRA NA CULTURA DA SOJA

A cultura da soja destaca-se no mundo pela sua importância econômica, junto, com esse fator alguns problemas como insetos-praga vêm atenuando esse cenário, acarretando a redução da produtividade de grãos. O ataque destas pragas pode reduzir significativamente a área foliar e ocasionar intenso dano econômico, especialmente quando essa desfolha ocorre durante o período reprodutivo da cultura. O objetivo foi avaliar métodos na amostragem de Lagarta da Soja e Lagarta Falsa Medideira. Verificando e observando os instares mais frequentes nas amostras e se houve uma maior coleta de instares em determinado pano de batida. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de 1,5 ha de soja, localizada em Coronel Martins, no ano agrícola 2017/2018. A cultivar de soja P 95R51 RR foi semeada no dia 15 de novembro de 2017, em linhas espaçadas a 0,45 m, com densidade de 37 plantas m². Foi demarcado um gride de 24 pontos amostrais, espaçados de 25 x 25 m. As coletas foram realizadas por meio de três métodos de amostragem Pano-de-Batida (PB), Pano-de-Batida Largo (PBL) e Pano-de-Batida Vertical (PBV), em oito estádios fenológicos da cultura de soja (V7, V9, R2, R3, R5, R5.3, R5.5, R7.1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. A espécie mais frequente foi a Lagarta Falsa Medideira, sendo lagartas pequenas as mais presentes nas coletas realizadas. Os métodos de amostragem de lagartas diferiram entre si quanto à coleta das lagartas. Sendo que o número das lagartas coletadaspor meio dos métodos de amostragem é decrescente na seguinte ordem: PBV, PBL e PB

Insertion sequences as variability generators in the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and M. synoviae genomes

We have analyzed the sequenced genomes of three strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and one strain of M. synoviae, and have found three and two different transposable element families, respectively in each species. In M. hyopneumoniae, the Insertion Sequences of the IS4 family is represented by ISMHp1, a putatively active element. The IS3 family is represented by several degenerated sequences. A third element called tMH was found, which shows some characteristics reminiscent of retrotransposons. In M. synoviae, three different possibly active IS4 elements are present (ISMHp1-like; ISMs1 and IS1634-like elements). The 1S30 family is represented by the degenerated IS1630-like element. The IS1634-like element is shown to be involved in chromosomal rearrangements and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The ISMHp1-like element is shown to relate to the HGT of a 25-kb region from M. gallisepticum to M. synoviae. The fractions of these genomes that correspond to mobile elements varied from 1.35 to 3.13% in M. hyopneumonia strains and was 2.08% in M. synoviae. Although these species possess reduced genomes, they maintain mobile elements, perhaps as a mechanism for genetic variability production. Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics