As aulas de ciências: convocando para as identidades científicas // Science classes: calling up for scientific identities

Esse trabalho é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado e tem por objetivo apresentar alguns resultados acerca de como estudantes de um 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de um colégio particular da cidade de Londrina-PR, negociaram ativamente significados identitários científicos em aulas de Ciências. Acompanhamos, numa perspectiva etnometodológica, atividades realizadas nas aulas de ciências durante oito meses, entre 2010 e 2011. Neste texto, trataremos especificamente das formas como os estudantes buscam “colocar em perigo” a estabilidade da aula e a própria estabilidade da identidade científica ao produzirem episódios de negociações, de dúvidas e de deslocamentos em relação à normalidade das posições de sujeito. Ao imergir nesse campo de ações, percebemos que a tática dos estudantes fazia-os convocados a assumirem determinadas posições que punham em suspenso o mito da origem da Ciência fundante e se constituírem como sujeitos em um processo em andamento, cambiante e em constante negociação

Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an urban area, Central-West of Brazil

Biological and ecological relations among vectors and their pathogens are important to understand the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Camapuã is an endemic area for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the sandfly fauna present in Camapuã , MS, Brazil. Sand flies were collected every fortnight from May 2014 to April 2015 using automatic light traps in the domicile and peridomicile of twelve neighborhoods and forest. The collected specimens were identified based on morphology according to the valid identification keys. In total, 2005 sandflies of five genera and nine species were collected. Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi were the most abundant species. Males were more abundant, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.14. The highest diversity was observed in peripheral neighborhood, with abundant plant cover. The peridomicile presented greater abundance of sandflies, with the predominance of Ny. whitmani . No significant correlation between the absolute frequencies of the most abundant species and the precipitation variable was observed; however, there was a predominance of Lu. cruzi in the rainy season. We observed a high frequency of sandflies in urban area, especially vector species. The presence of Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi indicate the necessity for health surveillance in the municipality. Additional method of collection such as sticky trap is also recommended for appropriate faunestic study

Environmental Protection Areas as a Strategy to Increase Flood Protection in Metropolitan Regions: A Case Study in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In peripheral countries, the lack of adequate urban planning associated with natural dynamics intensifies the existing vulnerabilities of the environment, causing physical and material losses. Therefore, this research aims to discuss the potential use of Environmental Protection Areas as a tool to drive urban growth with a low-impact development, helping to mitigate urban floods and bringing nature into the city landscape. The municipality of Maricá, located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study. The method proposed to drive the regional environmental planning and management can be described as a three-stage method coupled with the adapted SWOT Matrix, following: the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the action plan. This process points to the definition of a Hydrological Interest Area that would allow not only the restoration of local vegetation and a better interaction of the population with the watercourses, but also the recovery of areas that have been gradually impacted by the urban expansion. The method presented in this research allows its application in different urban contexts, once it has the objective of recognizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to allow the elaboration of sustainable actions and guidelines

Microalgae Schizochytrium sp. in diets for Piau juvenilles

Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.O DHA ? um ?cido importante da s?rie ?mega 3, fundamental para a forma??o do tecido nervoso e visual em humanos, e confere tamb?m uma boa forma??o da massa encef?lica. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar dietas contendo a inclus?o da alga Schizochytrium sp. no desempenho produtivo de juvenis de piau.O experimento foi conduzido no Laborat?rio de Aquicultura e Ecologia Aqu?tica do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, em Diamantina MG. Foram utilizados 300 juvenis de Piau (Leporinus friderici) com peso e comprimento total m?dio de 11,8 e 9,68 g respectivamente . Os peixes passaram por sete dias de adapta??o e foram alimentados com a ra??o do tratamento controle. . O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0, 10, 20, 30, e 40 g de Schizochytrium sp/kg-1)e quatro repeti??es. Sete juvenis foram estocados por aqu?rio, totalizando 20 parcelas experimentais. Avaliou-se aos 60 dias de experimento par?metros de desempenho produtivo. Foram mensurados: comprimento padr?o (cm), comprimento total (cm), ganho de peso (g), consumo de ra??o (g), convers?o alimentar (g/g)?, biomassa final (g), e sobreviv?ncia (%). As vari?veis de desempenho apresentaram melhores resultados de acordo com o aumento do n?vel de inclus?o da alga Schizochytrium sp em juvenis de piau. Conlcui-se com este estudo que juvenis de piau alimentados com 40g de Schizochytrium sp.kg-1 apresentam melhor desempenho produtivo e sobreviv?ncia.DHA is an important acid of the omega-3 series, essential for the formation of the nervous and visual tissue in humans, and also gives a good formation of brain matter. This study aimed to evaluate diets with the inclusion of algae Schizochytrium sp. In productive performance of piau juveniles.. Experiment was conducted at the Aquaculture Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology of the Department of Animal Science, of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, in Diamantina MG. . Three hundred Piau (Leporinus friderici) juvenile, with body weight and length means of 11.8, and 9.68 g respectively. Fish have undergone seven days of adaptation and were fed with the control ration treatment. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g of Schizochytrium sp. Kg-1) and four replications. Seven juveniles were stocked per aquarium, totaling 20 experimental plots. It was evaluated at 60 days of the experiment For the productive performance were measured: standard length (cm), total length (cm), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), feed conversion (g / g) ? , final biomass (g) EC (%) and survival (%). The performance variables showed greater results in accordance with the increase in the level of inclusionof Schizochytrium sp in piau juveniles diets. It follows that piau juveniles fed with 40g Schizochytrium sp.kg-1 have greater growth performance and survival

A febre puerperal

Around 1840s, Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis proposed a prophylaxis for puerperal fever cases. Working at the Vienna Hospital, he was successful in his proposal; then, he proceeded to explain the cause of the disease. His hypothesis clashed strongly with the medical- scientific knowledge established at the time; nevertheless, it was warmly welcomed by the Vienna Academy of Sciences, which suggested a development of Semmelweis's work. Semmelweis declined of this grant and simultaneously attacked the medical community, which he found guilty of the disease. Finally, his proposal was totally disregarded by the community. The purpose of this article is, starting from the historiography about this episode, to introduce a social constructivist philosophical explanation of the disregard of Semmelweis’ hypothesis.Na década de 1840, o médico húngaro Ignáz Semmelweis propôs uma profilaxia para casos de febre puerperal. Atuando no Hospital de Viena, foi bem sucedido em sua proposta; em seguida passou então a tentar explicar a causa da doença. Sua hipótese colidia fortemente com o conhecimento médico-científico estabelecido na época; mesmo assim, ela foi acolhida com simpatia pela Academia de Ciências de Viena, que sugeriu um desenvolvimento dos trabalhos de Semmelweis. Semmelweis recusou a oferta e, simultaneamente, passou a atacar a comunidade médica, que ele considerava culpada pela doença. Finalmente, sua proposta foi totalmente desconsiderada pela comunidade. O objetivo desse artigo é, partindo da historiografia do episódio, apresentar uma explicação filosófica sócio-construtivista para a não aceitação da hipótese de Semmelweis

Fractionation of carbohydrates and protein and rumen degradation kinetic parameters of brachiaria grass silage enriched with rice bran

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractions, and to estimate the in situ rumen degradation kinetic parameters of Brachiaria decumbens grass silage with inclusion of rice bran. Five rice bran inclusion levels were tested: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the natural matter, distributed into a completely randomized design with five replications. The brachiaria grass was obtained at 60 days of regrowth by cutting the forage at 10 cm from the soil and ensiling it in 10-L experimental silo bags, which were opened after 40 days. The degradability profiles for DM, CP, NDF and of the feeds for each animal utilized made it possible to obtain the estimates of the parameters analyzed. The contents of total carbohydrates (TCH), fibrous carbohydrates and fraction A+B1 of the TCH decreased linearly as the rice bran levels were elevated. Fraction A of the protein was increased linearly by 0.64% for every 1% of rice bran added to the silage. For nitrogenous fractions B3 and C, there was a decrease of 0.11 and 0.40% for each 1% of rice bran added to the silage, respectively. For the rumen degradability parameters of the dry matter, fractions A and I had estimated increases of 0.54 and 0.04% for every 1% inclusion of rice bran. For the degradation rate of fraction B (c), treatments had no effect. Fractions A and I of the crude protein degradability parameters increased by 0.22 and 0.72%, respectively, with inclusion of 1% rice bran. Inclusion levels of rice bran had no effect on fraction D, on the degradation rate of fraction B (c) or lag time (L) estimated for neutral detergent fiber. Inclusion of 10 and 20% rice bran in the brachiaria grass silage improves protein and carbohydrate fractions and rumen degradation kinetic parameters of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber

Spatiotemporal changes in exposition risk to leishmaniases vector in residences within a fishing tourism area of Pantanal wetland.

Miranda Municipality of Mato Grosso do Sul, borders the Pantanal wetland, a famous fishing destination visited by tourists from all over the world, and is a location where visceral leishmaniasis has been reported. To assess the risk of Leishmania infantum transmission, we studied the sandfly community, focusing on known vector and parasite presence. We conducted light trap collections twice per month at nine sites within the city (including two forested areas) for one year. We collected a total of 12,727 sand flies, 10,891 males and 1,836 females belonging to 11 species: Brumptomyia avellari, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Ev. evandroi, Ev. lenti, Ev. sallesi, Ev. walkeri, Lu. longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia bigeniculata, Pa. hermanlenti and Pa. punctigeniculata. Lutzomyia longipalpis, the proven vector of Leishmania infantum, was captured each month, and was the most abundant species observed, accounting for more than 99% of sand flies captured in most sites, especially where chicken coops were present. Evidence of Leishmania infantum infection was detected in 0.40% of Lu. longipalpis tested. We developed a generalized mixed multilevel model for Lu. longipalpis, that includes within-year seasonality, location of capture (indoors vs. outdoors), vector abundance, and sex ratio. The VL vector was abundant both inside and outside houses. Large numbers of Lu. longipalpis were observed in outdoor sites where domestic animals were present but were absent from forest sites. Our findings suggest high vector populations and Le. infantum presence in a city where tourists could be exposed to visceral leishmaniasis, with significant implications for more surveillance and control activities

A CONSTITUIÇÃO DOS ACERVOS DO GRUPO DE PESQUISA HISTÓRIA DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO, LEITURA, ESCRITA E DOS LIVROS ESCOLARES E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA AS INVESTIGAÇÕES EM EDUCAÇÃO

O trabalho expõe o processo desencadeado para a elaboração do projeto de restauro da Capela do Rosário no município de Matias Barbosa, em Minas Gerais, no Brasil. A capela é patrimônio cultural protegido na instância federal pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, localizada em encosta lindeira ao rio Paraibuna que serpenteia pelo município. A posição desta capela é dominante e demarca de modo singular a memória social desta localidade. Como patrimônio cultural encontra?se em bom estado de conservação, com ações necessárias para a sua preservação. As premissas básicas para o projeto referem?se ao respeito aos valores estéticos e culturais do bem imóvel em questão, com o mínimo de intervenção possível, buscando a sua adequação e compatibilidade aos elementos construtivos originais. Foi feita também uma aproximação relacionada às teorias do restauro, para o enquadramento do bem cultural aos procedimentos mais adequados para a sua conservação. Vale ressaltar a importância da revisão das políticas urbanas atuais, particularmente relacionadas à circulação de veículos, para permitir a garantia da integridade deste bem cultural. Foram feitos levantamentos em acervos e no local, com vistas ao  entendimento da memória da ocupação do território, bem como a inserção deste patrimônio edificado no contexto da própria cidade e sua região. Buscou?se também a  compreensão do estado atual da edificação, e a sua valorização junto à comunidade, proporcionando a  manutenção dos laços de identidade cultural e garantindo a permanência destes espaços em bom estado para asdemais gerações