Intolerance and Adult Perceptions of Antisocial Behaviour: Focus Group Evidence from Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods of Glasgow

No abstract available

Our brains make us out to be unique in ways we are not

Humans have long viewed themselves in a favorable light. This bias is consistent with a general pattern of self-enhancement. Neural systems in the medial prefrontal cortex underlie this way of thinking, which, even when false, may be beneficial for survival. It is hence not surprising that we often disregard contrary evidence in believing ourselves superior

Introduction to Journal of Moral Theology v.8 special issue #1

The overarching goal of this volume is to attend to the reality of contingency today in light of pertinent Catholic teachings on education, social structures, and economic justice. The essays in this volume will proceed in three parts. Part I is a single essay offered by Keenan that situates the issue of contingency within the broader field of university ethics. The task of Part II is to examine the intricate details and facets of the main subject. To this end, the five authors in this section each offer a snapshot of one of the most glaring concerns regarding contingency today as well as suggestions for solutions to address these acute concerns. Finally, Part III offers a compelling argument that contingent work is the cause of a spiritual crisis for both individual contingent faculty and the institutions they serve

Disease Ecology, Biodiversity, and the Latitudinal Gradient in Income

While most of the world is thought to be on long-term economic growth paths, more than one-sixth of the world is roughly as poor today as their ancestors were hundreds of years ago. The majority of the extremely poor live in the tropics. The latitudinal gradient in income is highly suggestive of underlying biophysical drivers, of which disease conditions are an especially salient example. However, conclusions have been confounded by the simultaneous causality between income and disease, in addition to potentially spurious relationships. We use a simultaneous equations model to estimate the relative effects of vector-borne and parasitic diseases (VBPDs) and income on each other, controlling for other factors. Our statistical model indicates that VBPDs have systematically affected economic development, evident in contemporary levels of per capita income. The burden of VBDPs is, in turn, determined by underlying ecological conditions. In particular, the model predicts it to rise as biodiversity falls. Through these positive effects on human health, the model thus identifies measurable economic benefits of biodiversity

A universal system for digitization and automatic execution of the chemical synthesis literature

Robotic systems for chemical synthesis are growing in popularity but can be difficult to run and maintain because of the lack of a standard operating system or capacity for direct access to the literature through natural language processing. Here we show an extendable chemical execution architecture that can be populated by automatically reading the literature, leading to a universal autonomous workflow. The robotic synthesis code can be corrected in natural language without any programming knowledge and, because of the standard, is hardware independent. This chemical code can then be combined with a graph describing the hardware modules and compiled into platform-specific, low-level robotic instructions for execution. We showcase automated syntheses of 12 compounds from the literature, including the analgesic lidocaine, the Dess-Martin periodinane oxidation reagent, and the fluorinating agent AlkylFluor

Genetic diversity of \u3ci\u3eDanthonia spicata\u3c/i\u3e (L.) Beauv. based on genomic simple sequence repeat markers

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv., commonly known as poverty oatgrass, is a perennial bunch-type grass native to North America. D. spicata is often found in low input turfgrass areas on the East Coast of the United States and has potential for development as a new native low input turfgrass species. Roche 454 sequenced randomly sheared genomic DNA reads of D. spicata were mined for SSR markers using the MIcroSAtellite identification tool. A total of 66,553 singlet sequences (approximately 37.5 Mbp) were examined, and 3454 SSR markers were identified. Trinucleotide motifs with greater than six repeats and possessing unique PCR priming sites within the genome, as determined by Primer-BLAST, were evaluated visually for heterozygosity and mutation consistent with stepwise evolution using CLC Genomics software. Sixty-three candidate markers were selected for testing from the trinucleotide SSR marker sites meeting these in silico criteria. Ten primer pairs that amplified polymorphic loci in preliminary experiments were used to screen 91 individual plants composed of at least 3–5 plants from each of 23 different locations. The primer pairs amplified 54 alleles ranging in size from 71 to 246 bp. Minimum and maximum numbers of alleles per locus were two and 12, respectively, with an average of 5.4. A dendrogram generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was in agreement with the grouping obtained by Structure v2.3. The analyses were dominated by clonal groupings and lack evidence for gene flow with some alleles present in a single plant from a single location. Fourteen multilocus genotype groups were observed providing strong evidence for asexual reproduction in the studied D. spicata populations

Self-Conscious Emotions and the Right Fronto-Temporal and Right Temporal Parietal Junction

For more than two decades, research focusing on both clinical and non-clinical populations has suggested a key role for specific regions in the regulation of self-conscious emotions. It is speculated that both the expression and the interpretation of self-conscious emotions are critical in humans for action planning and response, communication, learning, parenting, and most social encounters. Empathy, Guilt, Jealousy, Shame, and Pride are all categorized as self-conscious emotions, all of which are crucial components to one’s sense of self. There has been an abundance of evidence pointing to the right Fronto-Temporal involvement in the integration of cognitive processes underlying the expression of these emotions. Numerous regions within the right hemisphere have been identified including the right temporal parietal junction (rTPJ), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). In this review, we aim to investigate patient cases, in addition to clinical and non-clinical studies. We also aim to highlight these specific brain regions pivotal to the right hemispheric dominance observed in the neural correlates of such self-conscious emotions and provide the potential role that self-conscious emotions play in evolution

High efficient natural gas engine concepts for long haul transportation

Different natural gas engine technologies can be applied for commercial vehicles and those investigated in the HDGAS project are: - Positive ignition natural gas engine with direct injection - Dual fuel natural gas engine (premixed gas and pilot diesel injection) - High pressure gas injection with pilot diesel injection This paper will describe the challenges and solutions of the different engine concepts in combination with LNG tank systems in respect of - Greenhouse gas reduction potential including measures to improve gas engine efficiency - Emission compliance to EU V

THE EFFECT OF LOADED FATIGUE ON LOADED POSTURAL STABILITY

Military personnel are often required to carry heavy loads for long distances over unpredictable terrain. Additional load carriage, in conjunction with fatigue, has the potential to influence postural control mechanisms which may in turn increase injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if a loaded incremental march to fatigue negatively influences loaded postural stability. Loaded postural stability was measured using the NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and kinetic force plate variables (vertical ground reaction forces: SDvGRF, and TotSway) before and after a loaded incremental march to fatigue in 23 physically active men and women (age: 24.1 4.0 years, height: 172.3 11.1 cm, weight: 162.2 38.2 lbs) while subjects were adorned with a weighted vest equating to 30% of their body weight. The SOT consisted of six conditions (C1-C6) aimed to perturb the sensorimotor system, which were performed before and after a loaded fatigue protocol. C1, C2 and C3 challenged the somatosensory system, C4 challenged the visual system, while C5 and C6 challenged the vestibular system. Fatigue was induced with a treadmill march at 4mph with increasing grades of 2% every three minutes until volitional fatigue. After testing for normality, paired sample t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests were conducted to assess pre- to post-fatigue differences. Significant reductions in SOT scores were found in overall composite scores (pre: 82.8 4.7, post: 81.6 5.2, p = 0.010), SDvGRF of C1 (pre: 1.3 0.5, post: 2.0 0.9, p < 0.001), C2 (pre: 1.4 0.6, post: 1.9 1.2, p < 0.001), C3 (pre: 1.4 0.5, post: 2.1 1.8, p = 0.026), and C6 (pre: 2.5 2.2, post: 3.5 3.2, p < 0.001) and TotSway of all conditions. Results suggest that significant changes in loaded postural stability were caused by loaded fatigue. Findings could aid in future postural stability screenings, load carriage training and strategies for injury prevention in the military

Active noise cancellation in a suspended interferometer

We demonstrate feed-forward vibration isolation on a suspended Fabry-Perot interferometer using Wiener filtering and a variant of the common Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter algorithm. We compare the experimental results with theoretical estimates of the cancellation efficiency. Using data from the recent LIGO Science Run, we also estimate the impact of this technique on full scale gravitational wave interferometers. In the future, we expect to use this technique to also remove acoustic, magnetic, and gravitational noise perturbations from the LIGO interferometers. This noise cancellation technique is simple enough to implement in standard laboratory environments and can be used to improve SNR for a variety of high precision experiments.Comment: PACS numbers: 04.80.Nn, 95.55.Ym, 07.60.Ly, 42.62.E