Stomatal Conductance of Malosma laurina in Frequently Burned and Non-frequently Burned Sites

In the months following the Malibu fires, the fire zones have experienced and abundance of new growth. Among this new growth, there are differences that can be observed when comparing the top of the Malibu hill (frequent fire zone) to the base of the hill (nonfrequent fire zone). As the chaparral resprouted we noticed the behavior of the Malosma laurina in both frequent and non-frequent fire zones and stomatal conductance, height, and water potential were tested for plants in the two varying zones, with plants in the non-frequent fire zone outperforming their counterparts

Radion Induced Brane Preheating

When the interbrane separation in compact Randall-Sundrum models is stabilized via the Goldberger-Wise mechanism, a potential is generated for the four dimensional field that encodes this geometric information, the so-called radion. Due to its origin as a part of the full five dimensional metric, the radion couples directly to particles on both branes. We exhibit the exponential growth in the number of brane particles due to parametric amplification from radion oscillations and discuss some of the consequences of this process for brane cosmology.Comment: 4 pages, uses ReVTeX, 3 postscript figure

The puzzlingly small CaII triplet absorption in elliptical galaxies

We measure the central values (within Re/8) of the CaII triplet line indices CaT* and CaT and the Paschen index PaT at 8600 AA for a 93%-complete sample of 75 nearby early-type galaxies with BT<12 and Vgal<2490 km/s. We find that the values of CaT* are constant to within 5% over the range of central velocity dispersions 100<sigma<340 km/s, while the PaT (and CaT) values are mildly anti-correlated with sigma. Using simple and composite stellar population models, we show that: a) The measured CaT* and CaT are lower than expected from simple stellar population models (SSPs) with Salpeter initial mass functions (IMFs) and with metallicities and ages derived from optical Lick (Fe, Mg and Hbeta) indices. Uncertainties in the calibration, the fitting functions and the SSP modeling taken separately cannot explain the discrepancy. On the average, the observed PaT values are within the range allowed by the models and the large uncertainties in the fitting functions. b) The steepening of the IMF at low masses required to lower the CaT* and CaT indices to the observed values is incompatible with the measured FeH index at 9916 AA and the dynamical mass-to-light ratios of ellipticals. c) Composite stellar populations with a low-metallicity component reduce the disagreement, but rather artificial metallicity distributions are needed. Another explanation may be that calcium is indeed underabundant in ellipticals.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Development, Operation, and Results From the Texas Automated Buoy System

The Texas Automated Buoy System (TABS) is a coastal network of moored buoys that report near-real-time observations about currents and winds along the Texas coast. Established in 1995, the primary mission of TABS is ocean observations in the service of oil spill preparedness and response. The state of Texas funded the system with the intent of improving the data available to oil spill trajectory modelers. In its 12 years of operation, TABS has proven its usefulness during realistic oil spill drills and actual spills. The original capabilities of TABS, i.e., measurement of surface currents and temperatures, have been extended to the marine surface layer, the entire water column, and the sea floor. In addition to observations, a modeling component has been integrated into the TABS program. The goal is to form the core of a complete ocean observing system for Texas waters. As the nation embarks on the development of an integrated ocean observing system, TABS will continue to be an active participant of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System (GCOOS) regional association and the primary source of near-surface current measurements in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. This article describes the origin of TABS, the philosophy behind the operation and development of the system, the resulting modifications to improve the system, the expansion of the system to include new sensors, the development of TABS forecasting models and real-time analysis tools, and how TABS has met many of the societal goals envisioned for GCOOS

Trigger Point Injections for Headache Disorders: Expert Consensus Methodology and Narrative Review

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109332/1/head12442.pd

Autonomous Surface Site Establishment to Ensure Safe Crew Arrival and Operations

Traditional human Mars missions have relied on crew to support the surface systems. However, for safety, the surface systems will likely need to be setup and capable of operating prior to the arrival of crew. To mitigate risks to the crew, a novel surface architecture has been developed that addresses risks associated with other Mars missions. This architecture relies on a reusable descent and ascent vehicle, extensive in-situ resource utilization, redundant habitation systems, and emerging autonomous capabilities. The resulting surface architecture increases safety for the crew while also providing potential to expand to support longer missions with larger populations in the future

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the CFRS and LDSS Redshift Surveys---III. Field elliptical galaxies at 0.2 < z < 1.0

Surface photometry has been performed on a sample of 46 field elliptical galaxies. These galaxies are described well by a deVaucouleurs R^{1/4} profile. The sample was selected from the combined Canada-France and LDSS redshift surveys and spans the range 0.20 < z < 1.00. The relationship between galaxy half-light radius and luminosity evolves such that a galaxy of a given size is more luminous by Delta M_B=-0.97 \pm 0.14 mag at z=0.92 and the mean rest-frame color shifts blueward by Delta (U-V) =-0.68 \pm 0.11 at z=0.92 relative to the local cluster relations. Approximately 1/3 of these elliptical galaxies exhibit [OII] 3727 emission lines with equivalent widths > 15 angstroms indicating ongoing star formation. Estimated star-formation rates imply that \le 5% of the stellar mass in the elliptical galaxy population has been formed since z=1. We see no evidence for a decline in the space density of early-type galaxies with look-back time. The statistics and a comparison with local luminosity functions are both consistent with the view that the population of massive early-type galaxies was largely in place by z~1. This implies that merging is not required since that time to produce the present-day space density of elliptical galaxies.Comment: 21 pages plus 8 figures plus 5 tables. Accepted by Astrophysical Journa

PIN6 is required for nectary auxin response and short stamen development

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98417/1/tpj12184-sup-0001-FigS1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98417/2/tpj12184.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98417/3/tpj12184-sup-0004-FigS4.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98417/4/tpj12184-sup-0003-FigS3.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98417/5/tpj12184-sup-0002-FigS2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98417/6/tpj12184-sup-0005-FigS5.pd

The beginning of time? Evidence for catastrophic drought in Baringo in the early nineteenth century

New developments in the collection of palaeo-data over the past two decades have transformed our understanding of climate and environmental history in eastern Africa. This article utilises instrumental and proxy evidence of historical lake-level fluctuations from Baringo and Bogoria, along with other Rift Valley lakes, to document the timing and magnitude of hydroclimate variability at decadal to century time scales since 1750. These data allow us to construct a record of past climate variation not only for the Baringo basin proper, but also across a sizable portion of central and northern Kenya. This record is then set alongside historical evidence, from oral histories gathered amongst the peoples of northern Kenya and the Rift Valley and from contemporary observations recorded by travellers through the region, to offer a reinterpretation of human activity and its relationship to environmental history in the nineteenth century. The results reveal strong evidence of a catastrophic drought in the early nineteenth century, the effects of which radically alters our historical understanding of the character of settlement, mobility and identity within the Baringo–Bogoria basin

CANDELS/GOODS-S, CDFS, ECDFS: Photometric Redshifts For Normal and for X-Ray-Detected Galaxies

We present photometric redshifts and associated probability distributions for all detected sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS). The work makes use of the most up-to-date data from the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and the Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey (TENIS) in addition to other data. We also revisit multi-wavelength counterparts for published X-ray sources from the 4Ms-CDFS and 250ks-ECDFS surveys, finding reliable counterparts for 1207 out of 1259 sources ($\sim 96\%$). Data used for photometric redshifts include intermediate-band photometry deblended using the TFIT method, which is used for the first time in this work. Photometric redshifts for X-ray source counterparts are based on a new library of AGN/galaxy hybrid templates appropriate for the faint X-ray population in the CDFS. Photometric redshift accuracy for normal galaxies is 0.010 and for X-ray sources is 0.014, and outlier fractions are $4\%$ and $5.4\%$ respectively. The results within the CANDELS coverage area are even better as demonstrated both by spectroscopic comparison and by galaxy-pair statistics. Intermediate-band photometry, even if shallow, is valuable when combined with deep broad-band photometry. For best accuracy, templates must include emission lines.Comment: The paper has been accepted by ApJ. The materials we provide are available under [Surveys] > [CDFS] through the portal http://www.mpe.mpg.de/XraySurvey