Avaliação dos danos de Sibinia spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em sementes de Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.) de três procedências.

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Conservation studies on threatened endemic plants of the Mediterranean area: a literature overview for Sardinia

Abstract Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, situated in the West Mediterranean basin. Its isolation and high geological diversity have created a wide range of habitats, with high levels of endemism, especially on its mountain massifs. Despite the rich plant biodiversity of the Island and the threats to its endemic flora, few biological conservation studies have been conducted on Sardinian endemic plants. A literature analysis highlighted that 19 papers were published, with the 68% of them being focused on threatened species. These data highlight the poor knowledge on the conservation status of the endemic flora of Sardinia. However, the increasing number of papers detected in the last three years represents a good signal that more attention will be devoted to threatened endemic species of the Island in the near future. Key words: Biodiversity, Habitat Directive, Hot Spot, IUCN. Riassunto La Sardegna è la seconda isola per dimensioni del Mar Mediterraneo, situata nel bacino occidentale. Il lungo isolamento e l'elevata diversità geologica dell'Isola hanno determinato un'ampia diversificazione di habitat, con elevati livelli di specie endemiche, in particolar modo nei suoi massicci montuosi. Tuttavia, nonostante la ricca diversità vegetale dell'Isola e le minacce alla sua flora endemica, pochi studi di biologia della conservazione sono stati realizzati su piante endemiche della Sardegna. L'analisi bibliografica ha evidenziato che sono stati pubblicati 19 articoli su specie endemiche, il 68% dei quali focalizzati su specie minacciate. Questi dati evidenziano l'attuale scarsa conoscenza sullo stato di conservazione della flora endemica della Sardegna. Tuttavia, il crescente numero di pubblicazioni osservato negli ultimi tre anni rappresenta un segnale positivo per il futuro, evidenziando una crescente attenzione per le specie endemiche minacciate dell'Isola

Contribuição à biologia larval de Hylesia sp. (Lepidoptera: Hemileucidae) em Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.).

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A new species of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from Sardinia (Italy)

The new species Aquilegia cremnophila (Ranunculaceae) from the Italian island of Sardinia is here described and illustrated. It occurs in shady rocky crevices, near the upper parts of Mt. Corrasi (Supramontes Region), where it is a member of chasmophilous communities. This species is morphologically, phenologically, ecologically and genetically well differentiated from the other Sardinian taxa, showing some relationships mainly with A. nugorensis, an endemic species of Central-Eastern Sardinia. Its conservation status is examined. A key of all taxa present in Sardinia is also provided. © 2012 Magnolia Press.Peer Reviewe

Overexpression of Osmyb4 enhances compatible solute accumulation and increases stress tolerance of arabidopsis thaliana

In this paper, we report the metabolic and molecular changes in response to cold and drought induced in Osmyb4 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana compared with the wildtype (WT). The rice Osmyb4 gene codes for a transcription factor (Myb4) induced by cold treatment and, in Arabidopsis transgenic plants, improves cold and freezing tolerance [Vannini C, Locatelli F, Bracale M, Magnani E, Marsoni M, Osnato M, Mattana M, Baldoni E, Coraggio I (2004) Plant J 37: 115-127]. Here, we report the ability of Myb4 to induce also drought tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic plants. By the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and enzymatic assays, we showed that several compatible solutes (glucose, fructose, sucrose, proline, glycine betaine and sinapoyl malate) accumulate in higher amount in Osmyb4-overexpressing plants with respect to the WT, both under normal and stress conditions. Considering proline, we also found that in transgenic plants the levels of the mRNAs coding for \u3941- pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (EC not assigned) and for \u3941- pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.12) were higher and lower, respectively. The constitutive activation of several stress-inducible pathways and different kinetics in the accumulation of several metabolites, in Myb4 transgenic plants, may represent an advantage to prepare plants to face the stress condition. Moreover, these results taken together suggest that Myb4 integrates the activation of multiple components of stress response

Discovery of a highly energetic pulsar associated with IGR J14003-6326 in a young uncataloged Galactic supernova remnant G310.6-1.6

We report the discovery of 31.18 ms pulsations from the INTEGRAL source IGR J14003-6326 using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). This pulsar is most likely associated with the bright Chandra X-ray point source lying at the center of G310.6-1.6, a previously unrecognised Galactic composite supernova remnant with a bright central non-thermal radio and X-ray nebula, taken to be the pulsar wind nebula (PWN). PSR J1400-6325 is amongst the most energetic rotation-powered pulsars in the Galaxy, with a spin-down luminosity of Edot = 5.1E+37 erg.s-1. In the rotating dipole model, the surface dipole magnetic field strength is B_s = 1.1E+12 G and the characteristic age tau_c = P/2Pdot = 12.7 kyr. The high spin-down power is consistent with the hard spectral indices of the pulsar and the nebula of 1.22 +/- 0.15 and 1.83 +/- 0.08, respectively, and a 2-10 keV flux ratio F_PWN/F_PSR ~ 8. Follow-up Parkes observations resulted in the detection of radio emission at 10 and 20 cm from PSR J1400-6325 at a dispersion measure of ~ 560 cm-3 pc, which implies a relatively large distance of 10 +/- 3 kpc. However, the resulting location off the Galactic Plane of ~ 280 pc would be much larger than the typical thickness of the molecular disk, and we argue that G310.6-1.6 lies at a distance of ~ 7 kpc. There is no gamma-ray counterpart to the nebula or pulsar in the Fermi data published so far. A multi-wavelength study of this new composite supernova remnant, from radio to very-high energy gamma-rays, suggests a young (< 1000 yr) system, formed by a sub-energetic (~ 1E+50 ergs), low ejecta mass (M_ej ~ 3 Msun) SN explosion that occurred in a low-density environment (n_0 ~ 0.01 cm-3).Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ (after responding to referee's comments, expanded version after the radio detection of the pulsar

Rapid adaptation of seed germination requirements of the threatened Mediterranean species Malcolmia littorea (Brassicaceae) and implications for its reintroduction

AbstractMalcolmia littorea (Brassicaceae) is a threatened species growing in the coastal sandy dunes of the west-Mediterranean basin. In this study, the seed germination and seedling emergence requirements of this species were investigated in the only remaining native population in Italy. The highest germination percentage was achieved in darkness with scoring under safe green light at 5–10°C. Seedling emergence was highest when seeds were buried between 1 and 10mm in depth. The results suggest that germination and seedling emergence are adapted to Mediterranean coastal habitats by employing a common mechanism of light-inhibited germination and by germinating at cooler temperatures before the onset of the summer drought. Seeds were also collected from plants cultivated at a botanical garden and from plants reintroduced by sowing or by transplanting. For those populations, germination was maximal between 10–25°C, suggesting that the thermal germination behaviour may be affected by the maternal environment of seed production within one generation. It is suggested to use seeds produced in the same environment to which they will be used for the reintroduction of this species

Sulodexide counteracts endothelial dysfunction induced by metabolic or non-metabolic stresses through activation of the autophagic program

OBJECTIVE: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) predisposes to venous thrombosis (VT) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a long-term VT-related complication. Sulodexide (SDX) is a highly purified glycosaminoglycan with antithrombotic, pro-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of chronic venous disease (CVD), including patients with PTS. SDX has recently obtained clinical evidence in the “extension therapy” after initial-standard anticoagulant treatment for the secondary prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Herein, we investigated how SDX counteracts ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used. Metabolic and non metabolic-induced ED was induced by treating with methylglyoxal (MGO) or irradiation (IR), respectively. Bafilomycin A1 was used to inhibit autophagy. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cell viability, terminal de-oxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for cell apoptosis, Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis for gene and protein expression were used. RESULTS: SDX protected HUVEC from MGO- or IR-induced apoptosis by counteracting the activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic caspase cascades. The cytoprotective effects of SDX resulted from a reduction in a) ROS production, b) neo-synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1, IL6, IL8), c) DNA damage induced by MGO or IR. These effects were reduced when autophagy was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: Data herein collected indicate the ability of SDX to counteract ED induced by metabolic or non-metabolic stresses by involving the intracellular autophagy pathway. Our experience significantly increases the knowledge of the mechanisms of action of SDX against ED and supports the use of SDX in the treatment of CVD, PTS and in the secondary prevention of recurrent DVT

Conductance switching at the nanoscale of diarylethene derivatives self-assembled monolayers on La0.7_{0.7}Sr0.3_{0.3}MnO3_3

We report on the phosphonic acid route for the grafting of functional molecules, optical switch (dithienylethene diphosphonic acid, DDA), on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO). Compact self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of DDA are formed on LSMO as studied by topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, water contact angle and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The conducting AFM measurements show that the electrical conductance of LSMO/DDA is about 3 decades below that of the bare LSMO substrate. Moreover, the presence of the DDA SAM suppresses the known conductance switching of the LSMO substrate that is induced by mechanical and/or bias constraints during C-AFM measurements. A partial light-induced conductance switching between the open and closed forms of the DDA is observed for the LSMO/DDA/C-AFM tip molecular junctions (closed/open conductance ratio of about 8). We show that, in the case of long-time exposition to UV light, this feature can be masked by a non-reversible decrease (a factor of about 15) of the conductance of the LSMO electrode.Comment: Full paper with supporting informatio