: Premiers essais de traduction française

Présentation faite au séminaire poésie écrite du LLACAN dans le cadre du projet SWAHILI de l'A.N.R. - 16 pages écrites en français et en swahili.The Diwani ya Mnyampala ie 'The anthology of Mnyampala' is a collection of poems composed by Mathias Mnyampala and published in 1963 by the East African Literature Bureau in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). My work, based on extracts from these compositions translated into french for the first time, intends to unveal the major trends at work within this anthology. The Diwani ya Mnyampala is also one of the best-known, best preserved and most accessible to the public works of Mathias Mnyampala.Le Diwani ya Mnyampala, ‘L'anthologie de Mnyampala' en français, est un recueil de poésies composées par Mathias Mnyampala et publié en 1963 par l'East African Literature Bureau de Dar es Salaam (Tanzanie). C'est sur la base d'extraits de ces compositions traduites en français pour la première fois que ma présente intervention entend s'appuyer afin de présenter les grandes tendances à l'œuvre au sein de cette œuvre. Le Diwani ya Mnyampala fait par ailleurs partie des œuvres les plus connues, les mieux conservées, et les plus accessibles au public de Mathias Mnyampala

Anticipations envers les études collégiales

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 23 avril 2009).Bibliogr

Développement d'un outil d'évaluation de l'équilibre assis chez les individus ayant une lésion à la moelle épinière: Une étude exploratoire

Travail d'intégration réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.Contexte : Les individus ayant une lésion de la moelle épinière (LMÉ) exécutent la majorité de leurs activités de la vie quotidienne en position assise. La stabilité posturale du tronc est donc une composante importante. Conséquemment, le manque de méthode d’évaluation de l’équilibre assis limite les résultats au niveau de la recherche d’interventions efficaces. Objectifs : Obtenir un portrait actuel de l’état des connaissances sur les outils d’évaluation et les traitements disponibles et suggérer des items clés pouvant être intégrés dans une première phase du développement d’un test standardisé de l’équilibre assis chez les individus ayant une LMÉ. Méthode : Une recension des tests d’équilibre assis existants pour d'autres populations a permis la création d’une banque d’items. Des items de cette banque ont été sélectionnés et d’autres ont été créés en fonction des composantes de l’équilibre assis et de la population ciblée. Les items ont ensuite été échelonnés par ordre de difficulté et les cotations ont été déterminées pour chaque item. Résultats : Un test standardisé de l’équilibre assis pour les individus ayant une LMÉ de 12 items a été proposé. Chaque item a une cote de 0 à 4 pour un score total de 56. Conclusion : Les retombés anticipées du test sont d’objectiver l’évaluation de l’équilibre assis, de connaître le risque de chute, de déterminer le niveau de supervision requis, d’évaluer l’efficacité des traitements et d’être sensible à la variabilité de la population des individus ayant une LMÉ

Does turbulence affect the habitat choice of Atlantic salmon parr?

Habitat preferences of Atlantic salmon parr are commonly described using mean flow velocity, water depth, and substrate as habitat variables, and a variety of habitat models have been developed using these variables to predict habitat quality. However, Atlantic salmon parr live in highly turbulent streams and rivers, in which intense fluctuations of flow velocity occur. Habitat preferences that consider the high variability of flow velocity have not been studied, and this although it has been shown in laboratory experiments that turbulence may affect the behavior and energetics of fish. Consequently, we studied the use of turbulent flow by Atlantic salmon parr in Patapédia River, Québec, Canada using radio-telemetry. We analyzed summer habitat preferences of individual parr in relation to several dynamic hydraulic variables such as standard deviation of flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, Froude number, and shear stress, and compared them with the habitat availability within the river reach. Our results revealed that in a natural flow environment, parr display a high individual variability in habitat preferences in relation to flow turbulence. Such heterogeneous habitat preferences suggest that individuals are not constrained to single habitat types and exhibit flexible habitat use. Furthermore, no differences were observed in habitat preferences between the four daily periods (dawn, day, dusk, and night) within individual parr

Cellular heterogeneity mediates inherent sensitivity–specificity tradeoff in cancer targeting by synthetic circuits

Synthetic gene circuits are emerging as a versatile means to target cancer with enhanced specificity by combinatorial integration of multiple expression markers. Such circuits must also be tuned to be highly sensitive because escape of even a few cells might be detrimental. However, the error rates of decision-making circuits in light of cellular variability in gene expression have so far remained unexplored. Here, we measure the single-cell response function of a tunable logic AND gate acting on two promoters in heterogeneous cell populations. Our analysis reveals an inherent tradeoff between specificity and sensitivity that is controlled by the AND gate amplification gain and activation threshold. We implement a tumor-mimicking cellculture model of cancer cells emerging in a background of normal ones, and show that molecular parameters of the synthetic circuits control specificity and sensitivity in a killing assay. This suggests that, beyond the inherent tradeoff, synthetic circuits operating in a heterogeneous environment could be optimized to efficiently target malignant state with minimal loss of specificity. Keywords: synthetic gene circuits; cellular heterogeneity; cancer gene therapy; cell-state targeting; mammalian synthetic biolog

Complex taxonomy and global phylogeography of the well-known tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus

Few earthworm species are peregrine and among them, Pontoscolex corethrurus is the most well-known. Probably native from the Guyana shield, this earthworm is nowadays distributed worldwide, in the tropical and sub-tropical zones. It is found in a wide range of habitats, from apparently pristine to any kind of human-disturbed environments. P. corethrurus presents several characteristics of a successful invader: r-strategy, parthenogenesis reproduction and ecological and reproductive plasticity. Although its ecological interactions with the environment were well documented, the taxonomic status of this earthworm was unclear. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Pontoscolex at a global scale (25 countries), focusing on morphologically indistinguishable lineages using the mitochondrial COI and 16S markers, the nuclear ITS 2 and 28S markers and a large-scale multilocus sequence data matrix obtained using the Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) phylogenomic method. Four cryptic species were discovered within the P. corethrurus species complex and one of them, P. corethrurus L1 was particularly widespread. Although sympatry between L1, L3 and L4 was observed, no case of hybridization was detected between L1 and the two other cryptic species, confirming the status of species of P. corethrurus L1. A population genetics study of this species using COI sequences and AFLP data revealed a low mitochondrial genetic diversity and a high proportion of clones in some populations, in accordance with the principal mode of reproduction of the species (i.e., parthenogenesis). However, variable levels of genetic diversity among populations and results of gametic disequilibrium analysis suggesting recombination in several populations, confirmed a mixed-mating strategy (sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis)

Computationally Sound Compositional Logic for Security Protocols

We have been developing a cryptographically sound formal logic for proving protocol security properties without explicitly reasoning about probability, asymptotic complexity, or the actions of a malicious attacker. The approach rests on a probabilistic, polynomial-time semantics for a protocol security logic that was originally developed using nondeterministic symbolic semantics. This workshop presentation will discuss ways in which the computational semantics lead to different reasoning methods and report our progress to date in several directions. One significant difference between the symbolic and computational settings results from the computational difference between efficiently recognizing and efficiently producing a value. Among the more recent developments are a compositional method for proving cryptographically sound properties of key exchange protocols, and some work on secrecy properties that illustrates the computational interpretation of inductive properties of protocol roles

The Mass-Radius(-Rotation?) Relation for Low-Mass Stars

The fundamental properties of low-mass stars are not as well understood as those of their more massive counterparts. The best method for constraining these properties, especially masses and radii, is to study eclipsing binary systems, but only a small number of late-type (M0 or later) systems have been identified and well-characterized to date. We present the discovery and characterization of six new M dwarf eclipsing binary systems. The twelve stars in these eclipsing systems have masses spanning 0.38-0.59 Msun and orbital periods of 0.6--1.7 days, with typical uncertainties of ~0.3% in mass and 0.5--2.0% in radius. Combined with six known systems with high-precision measurements, our results reveal an intriguing trend in the low-mass regime. For stars with M=0.35-0.80 Msun, components in short-period binary systems (P<1 day; 12 stars) have radii which are inflated by up to 10% (mean=4.8+/-1.0%) with respect to evolutionary models for low-mass main-sequence stars, whereas components in longer-period systems (>1.5 days; 12 stars) tend to have smaller radii (mean=1.7+/-0.7%). This trend supports the hypothesis that short-period systems are inflated by the influence of the close companion, most likely because they are tidally locked into very high rotation speeds that enhance activity and inhibit convection. In summary, very close binary systems are not representative of typical M dwarfs, but our results for longer-period systems indicate that the evolutionary models are broadly valid in the M~0.35-0.80 Msun regime.Comment: Accepted to ApJ; 21 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables in emulateapj format. The full contents of Table 4 are included in the submission as tab4.tx