La création littéraire collective comme mode de gestion de stress au travail

International audienc

Sugarcane yield response to legume intercropped: a meta-analysis

Intercropping with legumes has attracted much attention worldwide, regarded as a sustainable alternative to chemical N-fertilizer. Many studies have investigated the effects of introducing legumes into sugarcane systems. However, how agro-environmental conditions influence the effect of legumes on sugarcane yield is still unclear. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to i) quantify the effect of legume intercropping on sugarcane yield, ii) assess how agro-environmental and management conditions influence the response of sugarcane yield to intercropping, and iii) assess the influence of legumes in interaction with weeds on sugarcane yield. We combined data from a systematic literature review and experimental data from a network of trials conducted in the tropical island of La Réunion. 315 observations (one-year x site x intercropping treatment) were analyzed with mixed effects models to assess the effect of legume intercropping on sugarcane yield and factors influencing the response of sugarcane yield. Intercropping with legumes resulted in lower sugarcane yields compared to the monoculture treatment in 63% of cases. Our study highlighted how resource availability (e.g., annual temperature, global radiation, soil organic carbon content) influenced sugarcane yield response to legumes. Late sowing and early destruction date of the legume mitigated the negative effect of legumes Viaud et al., preprint 2022 on sugarcane yield. Our study also showed that the negative impact on sugarcane yield increased over years of intercropping, raising questions about legumes' actual contribution to soil fertility. Further studies are needed to optimize legume sowing and destruction dates to find a trade-off between expected services (N enrichment and weed control) and disservices (yield loss, costs, and labor time) in sugarcane agrosystems according to the climate and soil context

Identification of the factor XII contact activation site enables sensitive coagulation diagnostics

Contact activation refers to the process of surface-induced activation of factor XII (FXII), which initiates blood coagulation and is captured by the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay. Here, we show the mechanism and diagnostic implications of FXII contact activation. Screening of recombinant FXII mutants identified a continuous stretch of residues Gln317–Ser339 that was essential for FXII surface binding and activation, thrombin generation and coagulation. Peptides spanning these 23 residues competed with surface-induced FXII activation. Although FXII mutants lacking residues Gln317–Ser339 were susceptible to activation by plasmin and plasma kallikrein, they were ineffective in supporting arterial and venous thrombus formation in mice. Antibodies raised against the Gln317–Ser339 region induced FXII activation and triggered controllable contact activation in solution leading to thrombin generation by the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. The antibody-activated aPTT allows for standardization of particulate aPTT reagents and for sensitive monitoring of coagulation factors VIII, IX, XI

The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries

Self-determination theory proposes a multidimensional conceptualization of motivation comprising autonomous and controlled forms. Whereas autonomous motivation relates positively to individuals’ optimal functioning (e.g., well-being, performance), controlled motivation is less beneficial. To be able to use self-determination theory in the field of organizational behaviour, the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale was developed and tested using data from 3435 workers in seven languages and nine countries. Factorial analyses indicated that the 19-item scale has the same factor structure across the seven languages. Convergent and discriminant validity tests across the countries also indicate that the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as the theoretically derived antecedents to work motivation (e.g., leadership and job design) are predictably related to the different forms of motivation, which in turn are predictably related to important work outcomes (e.g., well-being, commitment, performance, and turnover intentions). Implications for the development of organizational research based on self-determination theory are discussed

Elevated plasma complement factor H related 5 protein is associated with venous thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common, multi-causal disease with potentially serious short- and long-term complications. In clinical practice, there is a need for improved plasma biomarker-based tools for VTE diagnosis and risk prediction. Here we show, using proteomics profiling to screen plasma from patients with suspected acute VTE, and several case-control studies for VTE, how Complement Factor H Related 5 protein (CFHR5), a regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, is a VTE-associated plasma biomarker. In plasma, higher CFHR5 levels are associated with increased thrombin generation potential and recombinant CFHR5 enhanced platelet activation in vitro. GWAS analysis of ~52,000 participants identifies six loci associated with CFHR5 plasma levels, but Mendelian randomization do not demonstrate causality between CFHR5 and VTE. Our results indicate an important role for the regulation of the alternative pathway of complement activation in VTE and that CFHR5 represents a potential diagnostic and/or risk predictive plasma biomarker