Prediction of body fat in adolescents: validity of the methods relative fat mass, body adiposity index and body fat index

To verify the validity of anthropometric methods body adiposity index (BAI), relative fat mass (RFM) and body fat index (BFI) to estimate body fat percentage (%BF) in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 420 Brazilian adolescents aged 15–19 years, stratified by age (< 18 years, n = 356; ≥ 18 years, n = 64) and sex (boys, n = 216; girls, n = 204). The Anthropometric measurements height, body weight, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected to calculate the %BF by BAI, RFM, BFI methods. Subsequently, %BF was measured by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), adopted as a reference method. In the statistical analysis of the data, the Pearson correlation test and the paired t test between %BF obtained by the equations and by the DXA were performed. The method validation criterion was that 68% of individuals should be within an acceptable error range of ± 3.5% of BF and Cohen's Kappa index ≥ 0.61. Additionally, the Bland–Altman graphical analysis was performed. Results All methods showed a high correlation with DXA. For the Kappa index, only the RFM reached the criterion in the total sample (0.67) and in the sample < 18 years (0.68). None of the methods reached the criterion of 68% of the sample within the error range of ± 3.5% of BF. Conclusion The BAI, RFM and BFI equations were not valid for predicting BF in the studied sample according to the criteria adopted regardless of sex or age.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Equations based on anthropometric measurements for adipose tissue, body fat, or body density prediction in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Assessing the body composition of children and adolescents is important to monitor their health status. Anthropometric measurements are feasible and less-expensive than other techniques for body composition assessment. This study aimed to systematically map anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue, body fat, or density in children and adolescents, and to analyze methodological aspects of the development of anthropometric equations using skinfolds. Methods: A scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA-ScR criteria. The search was carried out in eight databases. The methodological structure protocol of this scoping review was retrospectively registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/35uhc/). Results: We included 78 reports and 593 anthropometric equations. The samples consisted of healthy individuals, people with different diseases or disabilities, and athletes from different sports. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the reference method most commonly used in developing equations. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were the anthropometric measurements most frequently used as predictors in the equations. Age, stage of sexual maturation, and peak height velocity were used as complementary variables in the equations. Conclusion: Our scoping review identified equations proposed for children and adolescents with a great diversity of characteristics. In many of the reports, important methodological aspects were not addressed, a factor that may be associated with equation bias. Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies. (NB: dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Suscetibilidade de adultos de \u3ci\u3eBemisia tabaci\u3c/i\u3e biótipo B a inseticidas

A associação de alguns vírus fitopatogênicos com seus vetores pode ou não alterar a ação do controle químico. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a suscetibilidade de moscas-brancas virulíferas (com aquisição do begomovírus Tomato severe rugose virus, ToSRV) e avirulíferas (sem aquisição do ToSRV) aos principais inseticidas registrados para o seu controle na cultura do tomateiro. Foram realizados ensaios com plantas de tomateiro e discos foliares de feijão- -de-porco. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial de 7 (seis inseticidas + controle) e de 5 (quatro inseticidas + controle) x 2 [mosca-branca (MB) virulífera (V) ou avirulífera (AV)] e dispostos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com seis e 25 repetições para o tomateiro e feijão-de-porco, respectivamente. Os inseticidas e concentrações avaliados foram: a) tomateiro: acefato (100 g), clotianidina (20 g), pimetrozina (40 g), piriproxifem (75 mL) e tiametoxam (20 g de i.a./100 L de calda) e diafentiurom (800 g de i.a./300 L de calda); b) feijão-de-porco: acefato (100 g), tiametoxam (20 g), pimetrozina (40 g de i.a./100 L) e diafentiurom (800 g de i.a./300 L de calda). Não houve diferença na suscetibilidade do vetor em razão de sua condição (V ou AV). Os inseticidas diafentiurom (87,68%±4,96) e tiametoxam (43,95%±9,43) proporcionaram maior mortalidade de MB no tomateiro, enquanto no feijão-de-porco diafentiurom (92,01%±2,68) e tiametoxam (86,39%±2,74) apresentaram desempenho similar. Diafentiurom foi o único inseticida que proporcionou controle satisfatório de B. tabaci em ambos os ensaios avaliados. The association between some plant pathogenic viruses and their vectors may or may not alter the action of chemical control. This study aimed at evaluating the susceptibility of viruliferous (transmitter of the begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus, ToSRV) and aviruliferous (non-transmitter of ToSRV) Bemisia tabaci biotype B to the main insecticides registered to its control in tomato crops. Two sets of experiments were carried out with tomato plants and foliar discs of jack beans. The treatments were schemed in a factorial design of 7 (six insecticides + control) and 5 (four insecticides + control) x 2 [viruliferous (V) or aviruliferous (AV) whiteflies (WF)] and arranged in completely randomized blocks design with six and 25 replications, respectively, for tomato and jack beans. The following insecticides and concentrations were evaluated: a) tomato: acephate (100 g), clothianidin (20 g), pymetrozine (40 g), pyriproxyfen (75 mL) and thiametoxan (20 g of a.i./100 L), and diafenthiuron (800 g of a.i./300 L of solution); b) jack beans: acephate (100 g), thiametoxan (20 g), pymetrozine (40 g of a.i./100 L) and diafenthiuron (800 g of a.i./300 L). The insecticide susceptibility of whiteflies was not altered by their viruliferous condition (V or AV). The insecticides diafenthiuron (87.68%±4.96) and thiametoxam (43.94%±9.43) caused the highest mortality of whiteflies in tomatoes. In jack beans, diafenthiuron (92.01%±2.68) and thiametoxam (86,39%±2,74) caused similar mortality. Among the tested insecticides, diafenthiuron was the only one causing significant mortality of B. tabaci biotype B

Suscetibilidade de adultos de \u3ci\u3eBemisia tabaci\u3c/i\u3e biótipo B a inseticidas

A associação de alguns vírus fitopatogênicos com seus vetores pode ou não alterar a ação do controle químico. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a suscetibilidade de moscas-brancas virulíferas (com aquisição do begomovírus Tomato severe rugose virus, ToSRV) e avirulíferas (sem aquisição do ToSRV) aos principais inseticidas registrados para o seu controle na cultura do tomateiro. Foram realizados ensaios com plantas de tomateiro e discos foliares de feijão- -de-porco. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial de 7 (seis inseticidas + controle) e de 5 (quatro inseticidas + controle) x 2 [mosca-branca (MB) virulífera (V) ou avirulífera (AV)] e dispostos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com seis e 25 repetições para o tomateiro e feijão-de-porco, respectivamente. Os inseticidas e concentrações avaliados foram: a) tomateiro: acefato (100 g), clotianidina (20 g), pimetrozina (40 g), piriproxifem (75 mL) e tiametoxam (20 g de i.a./100 L de calda) e diafentiurom (800 g de i.a./300 L de calda); b) feijão-de-porco: acefato (100 g), tiametoxam (20 g), pimetrozina (40 g de i.a./100 L) e diafentiurom (800 g de i.a./300 L de calda). Não houve diferença na suscetibilidade do vetor em razão de sua condição (V ou AV). Os inseticidas diafentiurom (87,68%±4,96) e tiametoxam (43,95%±9,43) proporcionaram maior mortalidade de MB no tomateiro, enquanto no feijão-de-porco diafentiurom (92,01%±2,68) e tiametoxam (86,39%±2,74) apresentaram desempenho similar. Diafentiurom foi o único inseticida que proporcionou controle satisfatório de B. tabaci em ambos os ensaios avaliados. The association between some plant pathogenic viruses and their vectors may or may not alter the action of chemical control. This study aimed at evaluating the susceptibility of viruliferous (transmitter of the begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus, ToSRV) and aviruliferous (non-transmitter of ToSRV) Bemisia tabaci biotype B to the main insecticides registered to its control in tomato crops. Two sets of experiments were carried out with tomato plants and foliar discs of jack beans. The treatments were schemed in a factorial design of 7 (six insecticides + control) and 5 (four insecticides + control) x 2 [viruliferous (V) or aviruliferous (AV) whiteflies (WF)] and arranged in completely randomized blocks design with six and 25 replications, respectively, for tomato and jack beans. The following insecticides and concentrations were evaluated: a) tomato: acephate (100 g), clothianidin (20 g), pymetrozine (40 g), pyriproxyfen (75 mL) and thiametoxan (20 g of a.i./100 L), and diafenthiuron (800 g of a.i./300 L of solution); b) jack beans: acephate (100 g), thiametoxan (20 g), pymetrozine (40 g of a.i./100 L) and diafenthiuron (800 g of a.i./300 L). The insecticide susceptibility of whiteflies was not altered by their viruliferous condition (V or AV). The insecticides diafenthiuron (87.68%±4.96) and thiametoxam (43.94%±9.43) caused the highest mortality of whiteflies in tomatoes. In jack beans, diafenthiuron (92.01%±2.68) and thiametoxam (86,39%±2,74) caused similar mortality. Among the tested insecticides, diafenthiuron was the only one causing significant mortality of B. tabaci biotype B

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio