Atomic oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SABER : Algorithm theoretical basis and measurement uncertainty

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Commentaries on viewpoint : physiology and fast marathons

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Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster

A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Data from: A first look at diversification of Beaksedges (tribe Rhynchosporeae: Cyperaceae) in habitat, pollination, and photosynthetic features

Tribe Rhynchosporeae (ca. 386 spp.; Cyperaceae) has high levels of endemicity (? 44%) in tropical and subtropical American savannas and can provide insights into the diversification of their biotas. Wind pollination, occupation of a savanna habitat, and a C3 photosynthetic pathway are common in the tribe, but showy (presumably insect-pollinated) inflorescences, occupation of forest habitat, and a C4 pathway also occur. We reconstructed a dated phylogenetic hypothesis for 79 taxa, inferring a mean crown-group age of 56 million years. Fitch parsimony infers the most recent common ancestor to have occupied a savanna habitat with eight or more shifts to forest. Features associated with insect pollination-white bracts and spikelets-were shown to evolve six or more times but werenot correlated with the shifts to forest habitat. We found evolutionary correlations in the pairwise comparisons of bract color versus spikelet color and bract positioning versus bract color. Members with anatomies associatedwith C4, photosynthesis though anatomically variable, form a clade with a crown age of 19 million years

2 Character Coding Regions C4 habitat inflorescence

2) Character state coding used in ancestral state reconstructions; explanation for codes provided at bottom of text file. This file contains the character coding for Regions, habitat, C4 photosynthetic pathway and inflorescence type

1 Aligned trnL-F sequences used in this study—before using gblocks.

1) Aligned trnL-F sequences used in this study—before and after using gblocks. Alignment of Rhynchospora, and Pleurostachys species plus some outgroups in Cyperacea

1 Buddenhagen et al Rhynchospora alignment gblocked

1) Aligned trnL-F sequences used in this study—after using gblocks. Alignment of Rhynchospora, and Pleurostachys species plus some outgroups in Cyperaceae Conserved regions of an alignment of Rhynchospora and Pleurostachys and some outgroups in Cyperacea

Statistical analysis and decoding of neural activity in the rodent geniculate ganglion using a metric-based inference system.

We analyzed the spike discharge patterns of two types of neurons in the rodent peripheral gustatory system, Na specialists (NS) and acid generalists (AG) to lingual stimulation with NaCl, acetic acid, and mixtures of the two stimuli. Previous computational investigations found that both spike rate and spike timing contribute to taste quality coding. These studies used commonly accepted computational methods, but they do not provide a consistent statistical evaluation of spike trains. In this paper, we adopted a new computational framework that treated each spike train as an individual data point for computing summary statistics such as mean and variance in the spike train space. We found that these statistical summaries properly characterized the firing patterns (e. g. template and variability) and quantified the differences between NS and AG neurons. The same framework was also used to assess the discrimination performance of NS and AG neurons and to remove spontaneous background activity or "noise" from the spike train responses. The results indicated that the new metric system provided the desired decoding performance and noise-removal improved stimulus classification accuracy, especially of neurons with high spontaneous rates. In summary, this new method naturally conducts statistical analysis and neural decoding under one consistent framework, and the results demonstrated that individual peripheral-gustatory neurons generate a unique and reliable firing pattern during sensory stimulation and that this pattern can be reliably decoded