Extent of over Education and under Education in Tanzanian Formal Labour Market

This paper attempts to provide the extent of over education and under education among formal sector workers in the labour market of Tanzania. The cross sectional and Worker Self Assessment (WSA) techniques were employed on 319 workers to collect data using Office interviews. Results from Multinomial logit model (classification tables) show that, 30.4% and 12.5% of the workers were under educated and over educated respectively. In terms of sex, male workers experience high incidence of both over education and under education due to historical and cultural nature of Tanzanian education system; and also the recruitment system   that deliberated to favour males. Using Pearson chi square approach, results show that both public and private sectors experience education –job mismatch differently with more under educated workers in the public sector. Therefore, Tanzania formal labour market is not free from Over education and under education. This state of affairs  calls for the private and public employers to redesign demand side and supply side education –job matching policies. Key words: over education, under education, labor policy, education – job mismatch, formal sector, Tanzani

Covariance and Correlation between Education Mismatch and Skills Mismatch in Tanzanian Formal Sector

This study examined the correlation and covariance between education mismatch and skills mismatch in the Tanzanian Formal sector taking Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions as case studies The study employed cross sectional and Worker Self Assessment WSA techniques with 319 workers from public and private sectors selected by multistage cluster sampling Office interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data using structured questionnaire The SPSS-16 statistical package was used for data analysis Using Chi square at 5 level of significance the results reported an existence of relationship between education mismatch and skills mismatch 2 39 57 p 0 00 Using bivariate corre- lation results portrayed a weak positive correlation between education mismatch and skills mismatch Corem sm 0 241 Also using bivariate covariance the results showed a positive co-vary behavior between education mismatch and skills mismatch Covem sm 0 112 This study therefore concludes that education mismatch and skills mismatch are not perfect substitute It is thus recommended that the government should not take the existence of National Employment Policy of 2008 and its labour regulatory frameworks as a guarantee of success Thus deliberate efforts should be adopted to force both private and public employers to use the same standards measures and regulations in recruitment to minimize incidence of mismatch Also the government and other labour market actors should avoid using education mismatch as a proxy for skills mismatch since the two have no a one to one relatio

Taping Export Opportunities for Horticulture Products in Tanzania: Do We Have Supporting Policies and Institutional Frameworks?

The major economic activity in Tanzania specifically in rural areas is agriculture. Tanzania is blessed 94.5 million hectares of land out of which 44 million hectares are classified as suitable for agriculture (ASDS, 2001). The land use pattern has not changed much over time with expansion of farming taking place around already populated areas to the extent of fuelling conflicts between land cultivators and nomadic pastoralists. Part of the arable land is marginally suitable for agricultural production for a variety of reasons, including soil leaching, recurring drought, and tsetse infestation, such that only 10.1 million hectares or 23 percent of the arable land is cultivated. This includes around 2.2 to 3.0 million hectares of annual crops, fallow of up to 5 years, permanent crops and pasture

Macroeconomic Policy Development in Tanzania

Since independence, Tanzania has experienced a series of economic shocks, which have pushed the country into an economic crisis. From mid-1980 onwards, major macroeconomic variables have been fluctuating, forcing the government to intervene through fiscal and monetary policies, with mixed results. The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 further disrupted any macroeconomic performance achieved earlier. In response, the BoT adopted macroeconomic policies aimed at shielding the economy from further deterioration by injecting greater funding into the public sector, for example through the healthcare sector. This was aimed at containing the spread of the pandemic. To a large extent, these macroeconomic measures have protected the country against further deterioration in terms of greater loss of life, economic losses, etc. For example, the country’s ‘business-as-usual’ approach has steered clear of an economic lockdown in favour of urging the population to take precautionary measures. This, coupled with expansionary macroeconomic policy measures, appears to be working, as the country averted a recession in 2020. The BoT should continue implementing accommodative monetary and fiscal policy measures and fasttracking liquidity-easing measures to shield the economy.IDRC | CRD

Economic growth, rural assets and prosperity: exploring the implications of a 20-year record of asset growth in Tanzania

Measures of poverty based on consumption suggest that recent economic growth in many African countries has not been inclusive, particularly in rural areas. We argue that measures of poverty using assets may provide a different picture. We present data based on recent re-surveys of Tanzanian households first visited in the early 1990s. These demonstrate a marked increase in prosperity from high levels of poverty. It does not, however, follow that these improvements derive from GDP growth. We consider the implications of this research for further explorations of the relationship between economic growth and agricultural policy in rural areas

Tanzania’s post-COVID-19 recovery strategy and the NDC

The current discourse on climate change and COVID-19 recovery underlines the need for an integrated response to the two issues. In Tanzania, the COVID-19 response has provided for interventions that will also enhance the country’s resilience to climate change. There is thus space for cultivating partnerships that can facilitate building back better from the pandemic while addressing climate change. Exploring such opportunities and strengthening domestic, regional, and international partnerships and collaboration are vital for the Tanzanian government

Bridging Research and Policy Processes for Climate Change Adaptation

This article addresses the link between research on adaptation to climate change and the related policy environment in which it operates. Drawing on recent case studies under the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) programme, we show how unpacking of policy processes through analysis of narratives, actors and politics can help shed light on important policy challenges for adaptation. The case studies reveal competing views on adaptation problems and strategies as well as their associated actors and political interests. They also identify spaces that could provide opportunities for policy engagement and influence, and ways of bridging research?policy gaps to support adaptation. We argue that such analyses are critical in order to provide greater coherence between evidence from adaptation research and emerging government policies and strategies on climate change in developing countries

A quasi-experimental study of impacts of Tanzania’s Wildlife Management Areas on rural livelihoods and wealth

Since the 2000s, Tanzania’s natural resource management policy has emphasised Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), designed to promote wildlife and biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and rural development. We carried out a quasi-experimental impact evaluation of social impacts of WMAs, collecting data from 24 villages participating in 6 different WMAs across two geographical regions, and 18 statistically matched control villages. Across these 42 villages, we collected participatory wealth ranking data for 13,578 households. Using this as our sampling frame, we conducted questionnaire surveys with a stratified sample of 1,924 household heads and 945 household heads’ wives. All data were collected in 2014/15, with a subset of questions devoted to respondents’ recall on conditions that existed in 2007, when first WMAs became operational. Questions addressed household demographics, land and livestock assets, resource use, income-generating activities and portfolios, participation in natural resource management decision-making, benefits and costs of conservation. Datasets permit research on livelihood and wealth trajectories, and social impacts, costs and benefits of conservation interventions in the context of community-based natural resource management

Utilization of Social Media for Marketing Library Resources and Services in Academic Libraries in Tanzania.

Recently, social media applications in libraries have become very popular in the world. However, studies show that library resources and services in Tanzania are underutilized due to poor marketing. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of social media for marketing library resources and services in academic libraries in Tanzania. The objectives of the study were to; determine the level of awareness and perception of library staff towards the usefulness of social media applications in libraries, examine the present status of using social media for marketing of library resources and services in academic libraries in Tanzania and determine the problems faced by academic libraries in utilizing social media. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to provide the results of the study. The data were collected using the open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview schedule. The study findings revealed that library staffs are aware of social media applications. The majority of academic libraries have social media accounts. Facebook is the most utilized social media for library marketing. Additionally, findings revealed the issues of time, poor support from management, difficulty administration and monitoring of social media accounts and lack of skilled personnel to be among the problems facing academic libraries. The study recommends that the library staff should be trained continuously in ICT skills, and the library management should streamline marketing activities in day-to-day library operation. Keywords: Library marketing, social media, academic library, higher learning institutions libraries

Translating Growth into Poverty Reduction : Beyond the Numbers

Tanzania is a politically stable, much aided country that has consistently grown economically during the first decade of the millennium, while also improving its human development indicators. However, poverty has remained persistent, particularly within rural areas. This collaborative work delves into the reasons why this is so and what can be done to improve the record. The book is the product of both Tanzanian and international poverty experts, based on largely qualitative research undertaken within Tanzania by the Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC). The authors highlight and discuss the importance of macro- and micro-level causes of the persistence of poverty. The latter, on which the book is focused, centre around a negative dynamic affecting a large number of poor households in which widespread failure to provide household food security undermines gender relationships and reduces the possibility of saving and asset accumulation which is necessary for escaping poverty. This results in very low upward mobility. Vulnerability is widespread and resilience against shocks minimal, even for those who are not absolutely poor. Through an in-depth and broad analysis of poverty in Tanzania, the book provides alternative conclusions to those often repeated in the poverty discourse in international and local arenas. The conclusions were reached with the specific aim of informing political and policy debates within Tanzania