ELIMINASI LOGAM Cu OLEH SERASAH Avicennia marina DI LINGKUNGAN TAMBAK BANDENG WILAYAH TAPAK TUGUREJO, SEMARANG (Cu Metal Elimination by Avicennia marina Litter Leaf in the Environment of Milkfish Fishpond in Tapak Village, Tugurejo Semarang)

ABSTRAKSerasah mempunyai peran penting dalam transfer logam dari tanaman ke dalam media lingkungan hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji tingkat eliminasi logam Cu melalui proses defoliasi serasah daun Avicennia marina di tambak bandeng. Bahan penelitian terdiri dari air dan sedimen tambak serta serasah daun mangrove dari jenis A. marina. Destruksi logam Cu pada air, sedimen dan serasah menggunakan Tefflon bomb extraction, dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran logam Cu menggunakan AAS. Penelitian dilakukan selama 90 hari pada tambak bandeng wilayah Tapak Semarang, di dalamnya terdapat tumbuhan mangrove A. marina. Kadar logam Cu pada air tambak penelitian antara 0,02±0,007 - 0,05±0,008 mg/L. Konsentrasi logam Cu pada sedimen tambak penelitian berkisar antara 15,20±1,77 - 25,03 ±4,77 mg/kg, Faktor Konsentrasi (FK) air dan sedimen tambak penelitian antara 500.52 - 897,70. Serasah daun A. marina mengandung logam Cu 2,346±0,536 – 5,285±2,091 mg/kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kemampuan serasah A. marina dalam mengembalikan logam Cu ke lingkungan hidupnya. Perbandingan antara serasah dengan air dan sedimen menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan serasah dalam mengembalikan Cu ke perairan (46,92 - 228,72) lebih besar dari pada ke sedimen lingkungan hidupnya (0,094 - 0,318).ABSTRACTAvicennia marina litter plays an important role in the heavy metal transfer from the plant into its environment. It occurs due to its ability in eliminating the metal from its tissue, as its adaptation to metal – polluted environment. The purpose of this research was to examine the elimination level of Cu through a defoliation process of A. marina into milkfish pond. The objects of the research were water, sediment and A. marina litter. The destruction of Cu in water, sediment and litter was accomplished using Tefflon bomb extraction, followed by measurement of Cu using AAS. The study was conducted in milkfish pond in Tapak region at Semarang city for 90 days, in which the A. marina plants grow. The value of copper content in the water pond was between 0.02 ± 0.007 to 0.05 ± 0.008 mg / L. The concentration of Cu in the sediment ranged from 15.20 ± 1.77 to 25.03 ± 4.77 mg / kg, the concentration factor (CF) of water and waste sediment with water and sediment ranged from 500.52 - 897, 70. The content of Cu in A. marina litter was 2.346 ± 0.536 to 5.285 ± 2.091 mg / kg. The result of the research showed the ability of A. marina litter to reconstruct copper to its environment. The comparison between the ability of A. marina litter to reinstate Cu to water (46.92 to 228.72) is greater than that of the sediment to its environment (.094-.318)

Improvement of Nutritional Quality of Tuber Flour as Local Food Resource

Tuber plants are sources of carbohydrates which could be used as strategic national food reserves. Beside high carbohydrates, tubers also contain a number of bioactive compounds which have physiological effects as antioxidants. This research aimed to develop tuber flour products and increase additional value through the use of appropriate technology and diversification of processed products. Research samples were 16 tuber species. The method was crystallisation by utilization of blower system to accelerate the process of water content reduction. The data were analyzed using proximat analysis. Water content was 5.61-15%, ash content was 0.4-5.31%, carbohydrate content was 82-88%, protein content was 0.67-6.32%, and fat content was 1-7%. The result showed that chemical content of Suweg flour with pragelatinization method at 70ºC for 60 minutes had the highest water, ash, and fiber content which were 5.79%, 2.49%, and 43.73%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest carbohydrate content obtained by heating for 10 minutes was 25.80%. Tubers flour is worthy to be used as raw materials for food industry

PENERAPAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERPENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA MATERI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN

Kemampuan berpikir kreatif merupakan salah satu bagian dari kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampun berpikir kreatif siswa melalui penerapan problem based learning (PBL) berpendekatan saintifik pada materi perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA N 2 Magelang. Jenis penelitian pre experimental design dengan desain penelitian one-group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian adalah kelas X SMA N 2 Magelang semester 2 tahun ajaran 2017/2018, sample penelitian kelas X IPA 2 dan 4 yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel bebas berupa model PBL dan variabel terikat berupa kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Data dianalisis dengan uji paired sample t test dan uji n-gain. Hasil uji paired sample t test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa sebelum dan sesudah penerapan PBL. Berdasarkan uji n-gain diketahui bahwa 76% siswa peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatifnya termasuk pada kategori sedang, dan 24% siswa berada pada kategori rendah. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah siswa kreatif dan sangat kreatif dari pertemuan 1 sampai 3 semakin meningkat dan 98% siswa menunjukkan sikap kreatif dan sangat kreatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PBL berpendekatan saintifik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi perubahan lingkungan.   Kata kunci: kemampuan berpikir kreatif, problem based learning, pendekatan saintifi

DINAMIKA LOGAM Cu DALAM TAMBAK BANDENG: INTERAKSI ANTARA MEDIA LINGKUNGAN, Avicennia marina DAN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos)

Avicennia marina merupakan tumbuhan pionir yang terdapat banyak di wilayah pesisir Kota Semarang. A.marina mempunyai kemampuan yang baik dalam mengakumulasi logam Cu dari media lingkungan hidupnya. Adanya dinamika Cu dari proses absorpsi dan akumulasi pada media (air dan sedimen), tumbuhan A. marina (akar, daun dan serasah)dan ikan bandeng dalam ekosistem tambak di wilayah pesisir perlu dipelajari. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah (1)Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi logam Cu dalam air dan sedimen pada tambak bandeng di Dukuh Tapak; (2)Untuk mengetahui translokasi logam Cu dalam tumbuhan A. marina (akar, daun dan serasah); (3)Untuk mengetahui tingkat eliminasi logam Cu melalui proses defoliasi serasah daun tumbuhan A. marina; (4)Untuk mengetahui pola akumulasi logam Cu ikan bandeng selama periode pertumbuhan di tambak; dan (5)Untuk merencanakan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan tambak bandeng yang baik di Dukuh Tapak terkait dengan keberadaan mangrove dan pencemaran logam. Adapun orisinalitas dari penelitian adalah mengkaitkan kemampuan tumbuhan A. marina dalam mengakumulasi logam Cu dari media lingkungan hidupnya, serta hubungannya dengan dinamika logam di perairan dan ikan bandeng. Penelitian dilakukan selama 7 bulan untuk mengetahui konsetrasi logam Cu pada air, sedimen, A. marina (akar, daun dan serasah) dan ikan bandeng. Analisi logam Cu pada sampel penelitian dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali dengan 8 kali ulangan, pada tambak tanpa A. marina (Tambak 1) dan tambak dengan A. marina (Tambak 2). Analisis logam Cu dalam air, sedimen, A. marina dan ikan bandeng menggunakan AAS. Teknik analisis data dengan megunakan uji regresi linear dan non linear. Konsentrasi logam Cu dalam ikan bandeng dievaluasi berdasarkan model toksikokinetika kompartemen tunggal.Selanjutnya data akumulasi logam Cu pada air, sedimen, A. marina dan ikan bandeng dihitung FK, BCF dan TF. Air, sedimen, A. marina (akar, daun dan serasa)dan ikan bandeng di tambak Dukuh Tapak mengandung logam Cu dengan konsentrasi yang bervariasi, dengan pola kecenderungan meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Konsentrasi logam Cu di air melebihi baku mutu air laut yang ditentukan pemerintah. Terdapat akumulasi logam Cu pada sedimen tambak.Akar A. marina mampu mengakumulasi logam Cu dari sedimen tambak, yang selanjutnya ditranslokasikan ke daun. Melalui proses defoliasi, serasah mengeliminasi logam Cu dari A. marina ke lingkungan hidupnya. Terdapat akumulasi logam Cu pada ikan bandeng selama pertumbuhan 12 minggu penelitian. Akumulasi logam Cu pada ikan bandeng Tambak 1 > Tambak 2. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah: (1) Sedimen tambak bandeng mempunyai konsentrasi logam Cu yang lebih tinggi dari konsentrasi logam Cu pada perairan tambak. (2) Tumbuhan A. marina mempunyai kemampuan dalam mentranslokasi logam Cu dalam jaringan tubuhnya, secara berurutan konsentrasi logam Cu dalam akar < daun < serasah. (3) Serasah daun mempunyai kemampuan dalam mengeliminasi logam dari tumbuhan melalui defoliasi serasah. (4) Pola akumulasi logam pada ikan bandeng menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. (5) Diperlukan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan tambak bandeng yang baik dengan penanaman A. marina dalam tambak (wanamina), untuk mengurangi tingkat pencemaran logam dan terjadinya akumulasi pada ikan yang dipelihara.Untuk mencegah kembalinya logam dari A. marina ke lingkungan tambak, sebaiknya serasah daun ditangkap dengan menggunakan jaring penampung. Disamping itu dapat juga dilakukan penanaman A. marina yang terpisah dengan kolam pemeliharaan ikan, sehingga fungsi A. marina sebagai fitoremediasi logam dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Kata kunci: Avicennia marina, ikan bandeng, logam Cu, serasah, defoliasi, toksikokinetik, wanamina Dukuh Tapak Avicennia marina is the pioneer plant of coastal regions, such as at Dukuh Tapak, Semarang city, Indonesia. This is evoked by A. marina capability in percolating heavy metals which exist around its rhizosphere. The dynamics of Cu via absorption and accumulation processes over milkfish pond ecosystem of Semarang coast which consists of media (water and sediment), A. marina plants (roots, leaves and litter), and fish was a matter that should be studied. Furthermore, the detail purposes of the study were (1)analysing the Cu metal content in the water and sediments of milkfish ponds at Dukuh Tapak; (2) analysing the Cu metal translocation within A. marina plants (roots, leaves and litter); (3) analysing elimination level of A. marina Cu metal bydefoliation mechanism by using the plants' litter as the measurement substances; (4) analysing accumulation pattern of the ponds milkfish Cu metal during the fishes growth period; and (5) planning a good implementable milkfish pond environment management strategy in relation to the mangrove sustainability and heavy metal adjusment. The capabililty of A. marina regarding Cu metal accumulation as a constituent of heavy metal dinamics against the pond and milkfish has become the research novelty. The study was conducted in 7 mounts observation at ponds of Dukuh Tapak by measuring metal Cu contents in water, sediments, A. marina (roots, leaves and litter) and milkfish. The detections were taken every 2 weeks in 8 repetitions by comparing ponds without (1st pond) and with (2nd pond)A. marina. Cu metal analysis was done by AAS and data analysis were done by linear and non linear regresion. The Cu metal contents were used to measure FK, BCF and TF. Additional evaluation by one compartment toxicokinetic was applied toward milkfish Cu metal content. The data showed gradual increase of Cu metal contents among water, sediment, A. marina (roots, leaves, and litter) and milkfish at Dukuh Tapak ponds. Cu metal content of the water passed the sea water standar grade settled by the government, while the sediment seemed to have a saturated Cu metal. Cu was eliminated by A. marina of defoliation litter to envorinment. The metal Cu was also accumulated within the milkfishes of both ponds during 12 weeks of experiment. The 1st pond fishes metal was higher than the 2. The conclusion of this study are (1) the pond sediment had more Cu metal content than the water, (2)A. marina had an ability in Cu metal translocation which encompasses through organs with the metal level decreases from litter, leaves and roots, (3) litter had an ability in Cu metal elimination through defoliation, (4) Cu metal content had an increasing tendency from time to time, (5) an environment management strategy should be implemented to decrease metal pollution and prevent its accumulation within the cultivated milkfish by cultivating A. marina in the pond area (Silvofishery). Leaf litter was captured by using container nets to prevent the return of metal from A. marina to the pond areas. The planting of A marina which is separated from fish-breeding pond was do well. Therefore, A. marina can function as well as metal fitoremidiasi. Keywords: Avicennia marina, milkfish, Cu metal, litter, defoliation, toxicokinetic, Dukuh Tapak, Silvofisher

Initiatives of Urban Agriculture in Semarang City: Pathways for Sustainability

Urban agriculture (UA) has become a popular concept to bridge growth of urban areas with adequate provision of agricultural land, cheap and healthy food. UA in Semarang began to be encouraged by Semarang City Government since 2015 and involves family welfare groups for its implementation. Most of the people involved in UA activities are often based on hobbies whereas some of them start reaching out to businesses. This study aims to elaborate the initiatives from government, community/individual, university, and corporation to promote UA in Semarang. The methods were conducted by using interactive analysis model which is presented by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. By elaborate the initiatives of urban agriculture in Semarang, the study shows that initiatives from communities/individual are more promising to promote sustainability rather than initiatives which comes from the government. The major difference among initiatives is due to community eagerness to do UA activities if it comes from their interests and desires, whereas initiatives from the government are more likely to encourage community participation and as part of social innovation

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PEMILAH SAMPAH HELIX BERSUSUN UNTUK OPTIMASI DAUR ULANG DAN KOMERSIALISASI PRODUK ECOPRINT BERBASIS PEWARNA ALAMI

Abstrak: Desa Kemutug Lor, Kabupaten Banyumas, Propinsi Jawa Tengah berlokasi diarea penyangga wisata ikonik baturaden, dengan banyaknya aktifitas wisata dan pengunjung dan industry wisata harus menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan meningkatkan produktifitas Masyarakat. Upaya mengelola sampah dilakukan dengan memilah dengan mendirikan TPST, tetapi memiliki keterbatasan teknologi terutama proses pemilahan yang masih manual. Aktifitas ekonomi sesuai potensi wisata berupa produk unggulan yang dikembangkan berupa produk ecoprint masih terkendala model dan teknologi konvensional. Tujuan penerapan teknologi adalah untuk meningkatkan volume daur ulang sampah dan meningkatkan produktifitas produk ecoprint. Mitra kegiatan adalah Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) Cemerlang, pengelola sampah wisata dan usaha rumahan di bawah pengelolaan BUMDES Wanatirta Mukti yang mengembangkan produk ecoprint. Upaya peningkatan keberdayaan kelompok terhambat permasalahan utama yaitu pengetahuan SDM, kebutuhan teknologi tepat guna dan pemasaran produk. Metode yang diaplikasikan adalah penerapan teknologi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan mitra pengelola sampah berupa optimasi pemilahan dan daur ulang, sedangkan pada usaha ecoprint diterapkan penguatan corak tulang daun, model busana dan teknologi table - steamer kain. Hasil penguatan kelompok pengelola sampah dengan mesin pemilah 4 ton/jam mampu mendaur ulang sampah sebesar 95%, dari sebelumnya hanya 35%. Produksi ecoprint mampu meningkatkan kapasitas produksinya 60%, dan variasi produknya meningkat 55%. Pemasaran dengan website mampu mempromosikan produk dan layanan penjualan secara online.Abstract: Kemutug Lor Village, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province is located in the iconic Baturaden tourist buffer area, with many tourist activities and visitors and the tourism industry must maintain environmental cleanliness and increase community productivity. Efforts to manage waste are carried out by sorting it by establishing a TPST, but this has technological limitations, especially the sorting process which is still manual. Economic activities in accordance with tourism potential in the form of superior products developed in the form of ecoprint products are still constrained by conventional models and technology. The aim of applying technology is to increase the volume of waste recycling and increase the productivity of ecoprint products. The activity partners are the Cemerlang Community Waste Manajemen, tourism waste management and home businesses under the management of Village Enterprise Wanatirta Mukti which develops ecoprint products. Efforts to increase group empowerment are hampered by the main problems, namely knowledge of human resources, the need for appropriate technology and product marketing. The method applied is the application of technology adapted to the needs of waste management partners in the form of optimizing sorting and recycling, while in the ecoprint business, strengthening leaf bone patterns, clothing models and table - fabric steamer technology are applied. The results of strengthening the waste management group with a 4 ton/hour sorting machine were able to recycle 95% of waste, from previously only 35%. Ecoprint production was able to increase production capacity by 60%, and product variety increased by 55%. Marketing with a website is able to promote products and sales services online

PEMANFAATAN AIR SISA WUDHU UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN AIR TAWAR PADA LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN SGJB MALON, GUNUNGPATI, SEMARANG

Permasalahan umum yang terjadi di lingkungan Ponpes adalah belum terkelolanya sumberdaya air secara optimal. Hal ini terutama dalam upaya pengelolaan air limbah dari hasil aktivitas santri, seperti yang terjadi di wilayah Ponpes SGJB dimana air sisa  wudhu (bekas wudhu) yang dipergunakan oleh santri dan relatif masih bersih terbuang dalam jumlah yang banyak. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya pemanfataan air sisa wudhu tersebut, diantaranya digunakan untuk budidaya ikan air tawar. Metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi, diskusi, pelatihan dan pembuatan media budidaya ikan air tawar kepada santri di Ponpes SGJB Malon. Program ini mendapat tanggapan positif dari Mitra yang secara mandiri sedang membangun program pengembangan “pertanian terpadu” untuk mendukung kemandirian Ponpes dalam menyediakan bahan-bahan alam untuk kepentingan konsumsi dan pembelajaran bagi santri

Peran Kelompok Masyarakat dalam Rehabilitasi Ekosistem Mangrove di Pesisir Kota Semarang

The coastal area of Semarang City has a strategic function for regional economic development. Due to land use change, the environmental quality of coastal area is damaged and declining. The environmental quality decline has affected the socio-economic quality of local community. This research aims to investigate the role of local community in sustainable environmental management in Semarang City coastal area. The study takes place in two kelurahans, namely Tugurejo and Mangunharjo, and applies a descriptive qualitative approach to figure out the local community role in the coastal environment rehabilitation. Data collection through a preliminary survey supported with a satellite imagery study covers up an appropriate ecosystem with the research substance. Then the following data analysis and interpretation uses Miles and Huberman interactive analysis method. The results show the significant role of the local community in coastal area quality management and improvement in Semarang City more effectively and efficiently. This relates to their active interactions in various community-based programs including wave-breaking instrument building and mangrove nursery and planting

Peranan Tanaman terhadap Pencemaran Udara di Jalan Protokol Kota Semarang

Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor berpotensi meningkatkan pencemaran udara terutama di jalan-jalan protokol. Untuk mengurangi semakin tingginya bahan pencemar yang dihasilkan kendaraan bermotor, perlu adanya pohon-pohon yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap dan penjerap bahan pencemar dan debu di udara yang dihasilkan kendaraan bermotor. Tujuan penelitain ini adalah mengetahui peranan tanaman di jalan-jalan protokol Kota Semarang dilihat dari kualitas dan kuantitasnya. Data mengenai jenis tanaman peneduh yang ada di jalan protokol Kota Semarang dihitung dengan metode line intercept. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas udara di Kota Semarang sudah cukup mengkhawatirkan, hal ini dipandang dari kadar CO yang relatif tinggi. Hasil penelitian terhadap jenis tanaman yang ada di jalan protokol Kota Semarang, dapat diketahui jenis tanaman yang ditanam di 5 jalan protokol Kota Semarang berjumlah 29 jenis. Jenis maupun jumlah tanaman yang ada pada masing-masing stasiun penelitian tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap kadar bahan pencemar udara yang ada. Simpulan dari penelitian ini ialah kualitas maupun kuantitas tanaman yang ada pada jalan-jalan protokol lokasi penelitian tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap kadar bahan pencemar udara yang ada. Hal ini dikarenakan jenis dan jumlah tanaman pada masing-masing jalan protokol tidak sesuai dengan tanaman peneduh yang mempunyai fungsi sebagai penjerap dan penyerap polutan udara.The increasing number of motor vehicles might potentially increase the air pollution in main roads. To reduce the increasing concentration of pollutants generated by motor vehicles, the trees are planted to absorb the pollutants and the dust in the air. The objective of the research was to understand the role of the plants along the main roads in Semarang City, from point of view of quality and quantity. Data on the kind and density of shedding plants along the main roads of Semarang City was collected using line intercept method. Result showed that the air quality of Semarang City has been worrying in terms of the high concentration of CO. There were 29 kinds of trees planted along 5 main roads in Semarang City. The kind and the number of plants in each station did not influence positively to the concentration of the air pollutants. It was concluded that the quality and the quantity of the plants along the study sites did not positively influence the concentration of the air pollutants. It was presumed that the kind and the number of plants along each ain road in Semarang was not appropriately functioning as the absorbants of the air pollutants.</p

Organic Material for Clean Production in the Batik Industry: A Case Study of Natural Batik Semarang, Indonesia

Batik has become more desirable in the current fashion mode within the global market, but the environmental damage induced by this fabric&rsquo;s synthetic dye practices is a matter of concern. This study aimed to discuss the application of organic materials as natural dyes in the clean production of textiles to maintain the environment. The research was a case study from the community services program in Kampung Malon, Gunungpati, Semarang City, Indonesia, focused on the batik home industry of the Zie Batik fabric. Furthermore, natural pigments from various plant organs (stem, leaves, wood, bark, and fruit) of diverse species, including Caesalpinia sappan, Ceriops candolleana, Maclura cochinchinensis, Indigofera tinctorial, I. arrecta, Rhizopora spp., Strobilantes cusia, and Terminalia bellirica were used for this type of material. These pigments are more biodegradable, relatively safe, and easily obtained with zero liquid waste compared to the synthetic variants. The leftover wastewater from the coloring stages was further utilized for other processes. Subsequently, the remaining organic waste from the whole procedure was employed as compost and/or timber for batik production, although a large amount of the wastewater containing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), alum (KAl(SO4)2&middot;12H2O), and fixatives (Ca(OH)2 and FeSO4) were discharged into the environment during the process of mordanting and fixating, with the requirement of additional treatment