O PAPEL DO DIRETOR DE ESCOLA FRENTE AOS NOVOS DESAFIOS DA GESTAO ESCOLAR

Este artigo tem por objetivo retomar características históricas da gestão escolar a fim de demonstrar suas transformações de acordo com os contextos e épocas diferentes. Analisar questões fundamentais no contexto da gestão escolar e os novos desafios a ela implicados, em virtude das novas demandas que a escola enfrenta no contexto de uma sociedade que se democratiza e se transforma. Numa época em que o mundo passa por grandes e rápidas mudanças, são exigidas novas posturas; diante disso, o papel do gestor escolar é fundamental, e dele são exigidos novos conhecimentos, atenções e habilidades. Assim, ainda que a pesquisa se respalde em um estudo teórico-bibliográfico, busca entender por que, em muitos casos, o gestor não consegue transpor para a prática o que já está em seu discurso; investigar a origem histórica da função do diretor; entender a especificidade atual dessa atuação profissional e suas principais atribuições

Photoluminescence studies in rare earth ions coordinated by a carbazolic derivative

[RE(czb)3(H2O)2] complexes (where RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Gd3+; and czb = 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzoato) have been synthesized and characterized. The Gd3+ complex was used to determine the triplet state energy of the czb ligand. Photoluminescence measurements of the complexes have been carried out under UV excitation. The Tb3+ complex exhibited a strong green luminescence indicating an efficient antenna effect, whereas the Eu3+ complex showed low red luminescence and the Gd3+ complex a blue-green luminescence from the ligand. The luminescence lifetimes and quantum yields have also been measured for the evaluation of the spectroscopic behavior of the complexes.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNPq - RENAMI/inct-INAMIFAPES

Nutritional status of schoolchildren according to school geographical localization in the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in students of public schools from Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 11,290 children aged seven to ten from public schools in the city of Sorocaba. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined as, respectively, 85th and >95th body mass index percentiles for sex and age, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart (CDC, 2000). The prevalence of nutritional alterations was assessed according to the geographical localization. RESULTS: Rates for underweight, overweight and obesity were respectively: Central area 3.4, 17.2 and 15.1%; Southern area, 4.2, 15.4 and 11.2%; Eastern area, 3.2, 14.7 and 12.7%; Northeast, 4.3, 11.9 and 10.7%; North, 5.8, 12 and 9.1%; Northwest 7.5, 11 and 9.1%; and Western regions 6, 11 and 9.2%. The differences between areas were significant (p85 e >95 do índice de massa corpórea por idade para sexo e idade propostos pelos Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000). Comparou-se a prevalência de alterações nutricionais de acordo com a localização da escola. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade nas crianças avaliadas, segundo a região geográfica de Sorocaba foi, respectivamente: Centro 3,4, 17,2 e 15,1%; Sul 4,2, 15,4 e 11,2%; Leste 3,2, 14,7 e 12,7%; Nordeste 4,3, 11,9 e 10,7%; Norte 5,8, 12 e 9,1%; Noroeste 7,5, 11 e 9,1%; Oeste 6,0, 11 e 9,2%. Os meninos apresentaram 5,3, 12,1 e 11,9% e as meninas 5,9, 12,3 e 8,2% de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa na prevalência de alterações nutricionais entre as regiões da cidade (p<0,001) CONCLUSÕES: O Centro e o Leste de Sorocaba apresentaram as maiores taxas de escolares com excesso de peso, as regiões Noroeste e Oeste, as maiores taxas de baixo peso. Na análise por sexo, os meninos apresentaram maiores taxas de obesidade. Esses resultados podem ajudar a planejar políticas públicas para a prevenção da obesidade em escolares556

ROYALTIES DA MINERAÇÃO, EFICIÊNCIA DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIAL: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO EMPÍRICA DOS MAIORES MUNICÍPIOS MINERADORES DO BRASIL

The way that the taxes transferred by mining companies to local governments through royalties is used has been pointed out in the literature as being essential to foster social transformation in the municipalities where the mining takes place. Thus, this study seeks to assess the relative efficiency of public financial management in the largest mining municipalities in Brazil and how this has been reflected in their respective social performance. To fulfill the proposed objective, we used a quantitative approach through the technique of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist  index. The results showed that there was an evolution in improving the technical efficiency of public spending management between the years 2013 and 2016. However, the absolute majority of the largest mining municipalities in the country still show a lack of efficiency: In 2016, out of 55 municipalities of the sample, only seven of them showed technical efficiency and nine showed improvement in the productivity index. The efficiency calculated by the Malmquist index showed an improvement in productivity (TFP) over the period analyzed, but even so, the overall average was below expectations. In addition, it was found that despite the sample in this study being composed of municipalities that collect the highest amounts of royalties in Brazil, only 23.3% have a value above 0.8 of the FIRJAN index, which means high development. This study contributes to filling discussions in the literature that address the relationship between mining and social development, in addition to expanding the theme of efficiency in public spending through robust empirical evidence.La forma en que se utilizan los impuestos transferidos por las empresas mineras a los gobiernos locales a través de regalías ha sido señalada en la literatura como fundamental para impulsar la transformación social en los municipios donde se desarrolla la minería. Así, este estudio busca evaluar la eficiencia relativa de la gestión financiera pública en los mayores municipios mineros de Brasil y cómo esto se ha reflejado en su respectivo desempeño social. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo a través de la técnica de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) y el índice de Malmquist. Los resultados mostraron que hubo una evolución en la mejora de la eficiencia técnica de la gestión del gasto público entre los años 2013 y 2016. Sin embargo, la mayoría absoluta de los municipios mineros más grandes del país aún muestra una falta de eficiencia: en 2016, de 55 municipios de la muestra, solo siete de ellos mostraron eficiencia técnica y nueve mejoraron en el índice de productividad. La eficiencia calculada por el índice de Malmquist mostró una mejora en la productividad (PTF) durante el período analizado, pero aún así, el promedio general estuvo por debajo de las expectativas. Además, se encontró que a pesar de que la muestra en este estudio está compuesta por los municipios que cobran los montos más altos de regalías en Brasil, solo el 23,3% tiene un valor superior a 0,8 del índice FIRJAN, lo que significa alto desarrollo. Este estudio contribuye a llenar las discusiones en la literatura que abordan la relación entre la minería y el desarrollo social, además de ampliar el tema de la eficiencia en el gasto público a través de evidencia empírica robusta.A maneira como os tributos repassados pelas empresas mineradoras aos governos locais por meio de royalties é empregada tem sido apontada na literatura como sendo fundamental para fomentar a transformação social nos municípios onde ocorre a mineração. Dessa forma, este estudo busca avaliar a eficiência relativa da gestão pública financeira dos maiores municípios mineradores do Brasil e como isso vem sendo refletido em seus respectivos desempenhos sociais. Para cumprir o objetivo proposto, utilizamos uma abordagem quantitativa por meio da técnica análise envoltória de dados (DEA) e do índice de Malmquist. Os resultados apontaram que houve uma evolução na melhoria da eficiência técnica da gestão dos gastos públicos entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. Porém, a maioria absoluta dos maiores municípios mineradores do país ainda revelam falta de eficiência: No ano de 2016, dos 55 municípios da amostra, somente sete deles apresentaram eficiência técnica e nove demonstraram melhora no índice de produtividade. A eficiência calculada pelo o índice de Malmquist mostrou uma melhoria da produtividade (TFP) ao longo do período analisado, mas ainda assim, a média geral foi abaixo do esperado. Além disso, verificou-se que apesar da amostra desse estudo ser composta pelos municípios que arrecadam os maiores valores de royalties do Brasil, apenas 23,3% apresentam um valor acima de 0,8 do índice FIRJAN que significa alto desenvolvimento. Este estudo contribui para preencher discussões da literatura que abordam a relação entre mineração e desenvolvimento social, além de ampliarmos a temática sobre eficiência nos gastos públicos através de evidências empíricas robustas.DOI: 10.53706/gep.v.22.637

Ultra-sonografia para predição das características da carcaça de bovinos jovens em confinamento

Considerable resources have been allocated to support research in the development of non-invasive and non-destructive techniques for carcass composition and quality evaluation. Ultrasonography is a reliable and relatively low-cost technique that can be used. In the present study, real-time ultrasonography was used to predict ribeye area (REA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (FT) in live animals as compared to carcass measurements. Animals used were 115 yearling bull calves (initial body weight, 329 kg), kept under feedlot conditions, of four genetic groups (30, ½ Angus x Nellore; 30, ½ Canchim x Nellore; 30, ½ Simmental x Nellore, and 25 Nellore), and two finishing frame sizes (small and large). Four ultrasonographic measurements were taken every 28 days until slaughter. Predictive precision of ultrasonographic measurements increased as animals approached slaughter, reaching maximum values at the last measurement (R²=0.68 and 0.82 for REA and FT, respectively). FT carcass measurements was influenced by genetic group and live measurements (P < 0.05). Frame size did not influence REA and FT, probably due to small, but distinctive differences among genetic groups.O desenvolvimento de técnicas não invasivas e não destrutivas para a avaliação da composição e qualidade de carcaça em animais tem mobilizado consideráveis recursos em pesquisa. A ultra-sonografia aparece neste contexto como uma técnica viável, confiável e de custo aceitável para esta função. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a técnica de ultra-sonografia em tempo real como ferramenta para predição da área de olho-de-lombo (AOL) e espessura da camada de gordura subcutânea (ECG) a partir de imagens tomadas em animais vivos, quando comparadas com as medições na carcaça. Foram utilizados 115 bovinos jovens (30, ½ Angus x Nellore; 30, ½ Canchim x Nellore; 30, ½ Simental x Nellore, e 25 Nellores), com peso inicial médio de 329 kg e de dois tamanhos à maturidade (pequeno e grande), no sistema de produção do novilho superprecoce. As medidas de ultra-sonografia foram realizadas a cada 28 dias totalizando quatro medições até o final do confinamento. A precisão da predição aumentou em função da proximidade da data do abate, sendo máxima na quarta medida (R²= 0,68 para AOL e 0,82 para ECG). Houve efeito de grupo genético e de medida ultra-sonográfica para ECG. O tamanho corporal não teve efeito sobre nenhuma das características estudadas

Chemical Constituents and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Kielmeyera coriacea

Many essential oils (EOs) of different plant species possess interesting antimicrobial effects on buccal microorganisms and cytotoxic properties. EOs of Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc. were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EO from leaves is rich in sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The three major compounds identified were germacrene-D (24.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (11.6%). The inner bark EO is composed mainly of sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and the major components are alpha-copaene (14.9%) and alpha-(E)-bergamotene (13.0%). The outer bark EO is composed mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and long-chain alkanes, and the major components are alpha-eudesmol (4.2%) and nonacosane (5.8%). The wood EO is mainly composed of long-chain alkanes and fatty acids, and the major components are nonacosane (9.7%) and palmitic acid (16.2%). The inner bark EO showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against the anaerobic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens (minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC of 50 µg mL−1). The outer bark and wood EOs showed MICs of 100 µg mL−1 for all aerobic microorganisms tested. The EOs presented low toxicity to Vero cells. These results suggest that K. coriacea, a Brazilian plant, provide initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances with medicinal interest

Physical-mechanical properties evaluation of the Eucalyptus grandis particleboard glued with urea-formaldehyde and tannin-formaldehyde

Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados confeccionados com partículas de Eucalyptus grandis e colados com as resinas ureia-formaldeído e tanino-formaldeído de Acacia mearnsii. As chapas foram produzidas com massa específica nominal de 0,60 e 0,70 g/cm3. Para avaliar as características das chapas produzidas no estudo, foram determinadas as propriedades físicas (massa específica, teor de umidade, absorção de água e inchamento em espessura após 2 e 24 horas) e a resistência mecânica (flexão estática, ligação interna e resistência ao arrancamento de parafusos). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que painéis que utilizaram a resina tanino-formaldeído como aglutinante obtiveram maior estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica. A resistência mecânica também foi influenciada positivamente com o aumento da massa específica.Palavras-chave:Painéis reconstituídos; propriedades físico-mecânicas; tanino-formaldeído e ureia-formaldeído. AbstractPhysical-mechanical properties evaluation of the Eucalyptus grandis particleboard glued with urea-formaldehyde and tannin-formaldehyde. The objective of this work was to evaluate the Eucalyptus grandis particleboards agglutinate with urea-formaldehyde and tannin-formaldehyde of Acacia mearnsii resin. In order to characterize the particleboards quality, the physical properties (density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours) and mechanical resistance (static bending, internal bonding, and screw withdrawal) were determined. Results showed that particleboards manufactured with tannin-formaldehyde resin presented a higher quality. The mechanical resistance was also positively influenced by the density increase.Keywords:Particleboards; physical-mechanical properties; tannin-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde.The objective of this work was to evaluate the Eucalyptus grandis particleboards agglutinate with urea-formaldehyde and tannin-formaldehyde of Acacia mearnsii resin. In order to characterize the particleboards quality, the physical properties (density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours) and mechanical resistance (static bending, internal bonding, and screw withdrawal) were determined. Results showed that particleboards manufactured with tannin-formaldehyde resin presented a higher quality. The mechanical resistance was also positively influenced by the density increase

Preservation of bovine preantral follicle viability and ultra-structure after cooling and freezing of ovarian tissue

Bovine preantral follicles within ovarian fragments were exposed and cryopreserved in absence or presence of 1.5 M glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), propanediol (PROH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), undergoing a previous cooling at 20 °C for 1 h (protocol 1) or at 4 °C for 24 h (protocol 2) in 0.9% saline solution. At the end of each treatment, preantral follicles were classified as non-viable/viable when they were stained/not stained with trypan blue, respectively. To confirm viability staining, ultra-structure of the follicles was evaluated by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Data were compared by Chi-square test (P < 0.05). The storage of the ovaries at 20 °C for 1 h (78%) and 4 °C for 24 h (80%) did not reduce significantly the percentage of viable preantral follicles when compared to the control (75%). Similar results were obtained when ovarian fragments, respectively, for protocols 1 and 2, were exposed to MEM (78 and 77%), 1.5 M EG (78 and 71%), as well as frozen in 1.5 M EG (74 and 77%). Percentages of viable follicles in control were similar to those observed after exposure (75%) and freezing (76%) in presence of 1.5 M DMSO only when protocol 1 was used. The increase of the concentration from 1.5 to 3.0 M, for all cryoprotectants, reduced significantly the percentage of viable preantral follicles after freezing. Ultra-structural analysis has confirmed trypan blue results, showing that not only basement membrane, but also organelles, were intact in viable preantral follicles. In conclusion, ovarian tissue cooling at 4 °C for 24 h before cryopreservation (protocol 2) does not affect the viability of bovine preantral follicles when 1.5 M EG is present in the cryopreservation medium

Antiplatelet, Antithrombotic, and Fibrinolytic Activities of Campomanesia xanthocarpa

In a previous work based on popular belief, Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg., popularly known as “guavirova”, showed to have a potential effect in the control of a number of conditions associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of C. xanthocarpa extract (CXE) on antiplatelet, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities in mice and in human blood. Mice were treated orally for 5 days with CXE or acetylsalicylic acid and at the end of the treatment period animals were challenged for bleeding, acute thromboembolism and ulcerogenic activity. In addition, we have assessed the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) after oral administration. In in vitro assays, antiplatelet effects of CXE was evaluated on platelet aggregation, and fibrinolytic activity of the extract was observed by mice or human artificial blood clot degradation. Platelet citotoxicity of the extract was also determined by the LDH assay. Results demonstrated that CXE has a significant protective effect on thrombosis. It also inhibits platelet aggregation without demonstrating cytotoxicity on platelets. CXE slightly prolonged aPTT and showed no ulcerogenic activity after oral administration. In addition, CXE showed a fibrinolytic activity. Thus, C. xanthocarpa showed antiplatelet, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities in mice