4,969 research outputs found
A Forensically Sound Adversary Model for Mobile Devices
In this paper, we propose an adversary model to facilitate forensic
investigations of mobile devices (e.g. Android, iOS and Windows smartphones)
that can be readily adapted to the latest mobile device technologies. This is
essential given the ongoing and rapidly changing nature of mobile device
technologies. An integral principle and significant constraint upon forensic
practitioners is that of forensic soundness. Our adversary model specifically
considers and integrates the constraints of forensic soundness on the
adversary, in our case, a forensic practitioner. One construction of the
adversary model is an evidence collection and analysis methodology for Android
devices. Using the methodology with six popular cloud apps, we were successful
in extracting various information of forensic interest in both the external and
internal storage of the mobile device
Luminous X-ray AGN in Clusters of Galaxies
We present a study of X-ray AGN overdensities in 16 Abell clusters, within
the redshift range 0.073<z<0.279, in order to investigate the effect of the hot
inter-cluster environment on the triggering of the AGN phenomenon. The X-ray
AGN overdensities, with respect to the field expectations, were estimated for
sources with L_x>= 10^{42} erg s^{-1} (at the redshift of the clusters) and
within an area of 1 h^{-1}_{72} Mpc radius (excluding the core). To investigate
the presence or not of a true enhancement of luminous X-ray AGN in the cluster
area, we also derived the corresponding optical galaxy overdensities, using a
suitable range of -band magnitudes. We always find the latter to be
significantly higher (and only in two cases roughly equal) with respect to the
corresponding X-ray overdensities. Over the whole cluster sample, the mean
X-ray point-source overdensity is a factor of ~4 less than that corresponding
to bright optical galaxies, a difference which is significant at a >0.995
level, as indicated by an appropriate t-student test. We conclude that the
triggering of luminous X-ray AGN in rich clusters is strongly suppressed.
Furthermore, searching for optical SDSS counterparts of all the X-ray sources,
associated with our clusters, we found that about half appear to be background
QSOs, while others are background and foreground AGN or stars. The true
overdensity of X-ray point sources, associated to the clusters, is therefore
even smaller than what our statistical approach revealed.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Mobile device forensics: a snapshot
In the increasingly dynamic environment of mobile forensics, this paper provides an overview of the capabilities of three popular mobile forensic tools on three mobile phones based on Apple’s iOS, Google’s Android and RIM’s BlackBerry operating systems.
The paper identifies where each specific tool is best applied and also describes the limitations of each in accessing contacts, call history, message data (SMS, MMS and emails), media files and other data. New releases of forensic tools and mobile operating systems may change the way the data are acquired and preserved in the future. It is therefore hoped that future research will continue to provide the digital forensics community with the most up-to-date overview of mobile forensics capabilities
Active Galactic Nuclei in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies: Detection and Host Morphology
The incidence and properties of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the field,
groups, and clusters can provide new information about how these objects are
triggered and fueled, similar to how these environments have been employed to
study galaxy evolution. We have obtained new XMM-Newton observations of seven
X-ray selected groups and poor clusters with 0.02 < z < 0.06 for comparison
with previous samples that mostly included rich clusters and optically-selected
groups. Our final sample has ten groups and six clusters in this low-redshift
range (split at a velocity dispersion of km/s). We find that the
X-ray selected AGN fraction increases from in clusters to for the
groups (85% significance), or a factor of two, for AGN above an 0.3-8keV X-ray
luminosity of erg/s hosted by galaxies more luminous than .
The trend is similar, although less significant, for a lower-luminosity host
threshold of mag. For many of the groups in the sample we have also
identified AGN via standard emission-line diagnostics and find that these AGN
are nearly disjoint from the X-ray selected AGN. Because there are substantial
differences in the morphological mix of galaxies between groups and clusters,
we have also measured the AGN fraction for early-type galaxies alone to
determine if the differences are directly due to environment, or indirectly due
to the change in the morphological mix. We find that the AGN fraction in
early-type galaxies is also lower in clusters compared to
for the groups (92% significance), a result consistent with the hypothesis that
the change in AGN fraction is directly connected to environment.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures; accepted by The Astrophysical Journal; for
higher-resolution versions of some figures, see
http://u.arizona.edu/~tjarnold/Arnold09
Conceptual evidence collection and analysis methodology for Android devices
Android devices continue to grow in popularity and capability meaning the
need for a forensically sound evidence collection methodology for these devices
also increases. This chapter proposes a methodology for evidence collection and
analysis for Android devices that is, as far as practical, device agnostic.
Android devices may contain a significant amount of evidential data that could
be essential to a forensic practitioner in their investigations. However, the
retrieval of this data requires that the practitioner understand and utilize
techniques to analyze information collected from the device. The major
contribution of this research is an in-depth evidence collection and analysis
methodology for forensic practitioners.Comment: in Cloud Security Ecosystem (Syngress, an Imprint of Elsevier), 201
Gaseous Structures in Barred Galaxies: Effects of the Bar Strength
Using hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the physical properties of
gaseous substructures in barred galaxies and their relationships with the bar
strength. The gaseous medium is assumed to be isothermal and unmagnetized. The
bar potential is modeled as a Ferrers prolate with index n. To explore
situations with differing bar strength, we vary the bar mass fbar relative to
the spheroidal component as well as its aspect ratio. We derive expressions as
functions of fbar and the aspect ratio for the bar strength Qb and the radius
r(Qb) where the maximum bar torque occurs. When applied to observations, these
expressions suggest that bars in real galaxies are most likely to have
fbar=0.25-0.5 and n<1. Dust lanes approximately follow one of x1-orbits and
tend to be more straight under a stronger and more elongated bar, but are
insensitive to the presence of self-gravity. A nuclear ring of a conventional
x2 type forms only when the bar is not so massive or elongated. The radius of
an x2-type ring is generally smaller than the inner Lindblad resonance,
decreases systematically with increasing Qb, and slightly larger when
self-gravity is included. This evidences that the ring position is not
determined by the resonance but by the amount of angular momentum loss at
dust-lane shocks. Nuclear spirals exist only when the ring is of the x2-type
and sufficiently large in size. Unlike the other features, nuclear spirals are
transient in that they start out as being tightly-wound and weak, and then due
to the nonlinear effect unwind and become stronger until turning into shocks,
with an unwinding rate higher for larger Qb. The mass inflow rate to the galaxy
center is found to be less than 0.01 Msun/yr for models with Qb<0.2, while
becoming larger than 0.1 Msun/yr when Qb>0.2 and self-gravity is included.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables; Accepted for publication in the ApJ;
Version with full-resolution figures available at
http://mirzam.snu.ac.kr/~wkim/Bar/barHDn.pd
BUILDING THE NEXT GENERATION OF CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS
Cyber security is an area of strategic and policy interest to governments and enterprises globally, which results in an increase in the demand for cyber security professionals. However, there is a lack of education based on sound theories, standards and practices. In this paper, we adapted the Situational Crime Prevention Theory and the NICE National Cybersecurity Workforce Framework in the design and delivery of our courses, particularly in the Cyber Security Exercise (CSE) which forms an integral part of the courses. The CSE is an attack/defence environment where students are grouped and given a virtual machine with which to host a number of services (e.g. HTTP(S), FTP and SSH) for access by other groups. The CSE is designed to mirror real-world environments where the students´ skills will be applied. An overview of the CSE architecture was also provided for readers interested in replicating the exercise in their institutions. Based on student assessment and feedback, we found that our approach was useful in transferring theoretical knowledge to practical skills suitable for the cyber security workforce
Two-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Barred Galaxies
Barred galaxies are known to possess magnetic fields that may affect the
properties of bar substructures such as dust lanes and nuclear rings. We use
two-dimensional high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to
investigate the effects of magnetic fields on the formation and evolution of
such substructures as well as on the mass inflow rates to the galaxy center.
The gaseous medium is assumed to be infinitesimally-thin, isothermal,
non-self-gravitating, and threaded by initially uniform, azimuthal magnetic
fields. We find that there exists an outermost x1-orbit relative to which
gaseous responses to an imposed stellar bar potential are completely different
between inside and outside. Inside this orbit, gas is shocked into dust lanes
and infalls to form a nuclear ring. Magnetic fields are compressed in dust
lanes, reducing their peak density. Magnetic stress removes further angular
momentum of the gas at the shocks, temporarily causing the dust lanes to bend
into an 'L' shape and eventually leading to a smaller and more centrally
distributed ring than in unmagnetized models. The mass inflow rates in
magnetized models correspondingly become larger, by more than two orders of
magnitude when the initial fields have an equipartition value with thermal
energy, than in the unmagnetized counterparts. Outside the outermost x1-orbit,
on the other hand, an MHD dynamo due to the combined action of the bar
potential and background shear operates near the corotation and bar-end
regions, efficiently amplifying magnetic fields. The amplified fields shape
into trailing magnetic arms with strong fields and low density. The base of the
magnetic arms has a thin layer in which magnetic fields with opposite polarity
reconnect via a tearing-mode instability. This produces numerous magnetic
islands with large density which propagate along the arms to turn the outer
disk into a highly chaotic state.Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables; Accepted for publication in the ApJ;
Version with full-resolution figures available at
http://mirzam.snu.ac.kr/~wkim/Bar/mhdbar.pd
Methodologies and Early Results in the Application of the Energy Analysis Program to the Italian Context
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