HI 21 cm Extended Structures to the North-East, and South-West of NGC 5595: VLA Observations of the Disk Galaxy Pair NGC 5595 and NGC 5597

We report VLA B-configuration observations of the HI 21 cm line on the close disk galaxy pair NGC 5595 and NGC 5597. At the angular resolution of the observations, $\sim7.1'' \times 4.2''$, while most of the HI 21 cm in NGC 5595 and in NGC 5597 has the same extent as the optical disk, we have detected for the first time extended structures (streamers) to the north-east (NE), and south-west (SW) of NGC 5595 with no counterparts in blue, red optical (continuum), 20 cm radio continuum, or H$\alpha$ spectral-line emission. One structure is extended by $\sim 45''$ to the NE with blue-shifted velocities, and the other by $\sim 20''$ to the SW with red-shifted velocities with respect to the systemic velocity. No HI 21 cm emission is detected from the innermost central (nuclear) regions of either galaxy. Lower angular resolution HI 21 cm imaging indicates the non-existence of any intergalactic HI 21 cm gas as tails or bridges between the two galaxies. Our new 20 cm radio continuum emission image of NGC 5597 shows a strong unresolved elongated structure at the central region, in the north-east south-west direction, very similar to the spatial location of the innermost H$\alpha$ spectral line emission. There is no 20 cm continuum emission from its north spiral arm. In NGC 5595, the 20 cm radio continuum image shows no continuum emission from the NE nor the SW extended structures with HI 21 cm emission.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures. AJ accepte

Efeitos da granulometria nas características físicas dos substratos de coco e de pinus

Efficient plant production in recipients requires appropriate knowledge of the substrate characteristics that have important role in supporting plant root systems and offering suitable moisture for their growth. The primary source of the substrate defines different characteristics to the growth media, limiting its successful employment in crop water management. In order to indicate suitable physical substrate attributes for capillarity irrigation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two particle size distribution (fine and coarse) of coconut and pine bark substrates on physical attributes related to water retention. For both of analyzed substrates, poremeter and particle size distribution analysis methods were employed, adding gravitational particle separation for the coconut material. The results have indicated that the coconut substrate with coarse particles distribution presented deficiency for watering processes by capillary rise due to a higher porosity caused by the fiber constitution. Fine substrates, with smaller average particle size and lower percentage of particle fibers, showed more suitability for water storage processes and, consequently, capillary rise processes. The fine coconut substrate presented higher aeration with high water retention capacity.O desempenho da produção vegetal em recipientes requer o conhecimento adequado das características dos substratos que possuem função importante de suporte ao sistema radicular das plantas e de propiciar umidade adequada ao seu crescimento. A fonte primária do substrato define diferentes características físicas ao meio de crescimento. Com o objetivo de indicar um substrato com atributos físicos adequados para utilização na irrigação por capilaridade, avaliaram-se os efeitos de duas granulometrias (fina e grossa) de substratos de fibra de coco e de pinus nas características físicas relacionadas à retenção de água. Para ambos os substratos, empregaram-se os métodos de porômetro e de análise granulométrica, sendo que, no caso dos substratos de coco, adicionou-se também a separação gravitacional de partículas. Os resultados indicaram que o substrato de coco com maior granulometria mostrou-se deficiente para processos de molhamento por ascensão capilar, devido à maior porosidade gerada pela constituição fibrosa. Os substratos com menor tamanho médio de partículas e menor percentual de fibras favoreceram os processos de armazenamento de água e, consequentemente, os processos de ascensão capilar. O substrato fino de coco apresentou maior aeração com alta capacidade de retenção de água

U B V R I Photometry of Stellar Structures throughout the Disk of the Barred Galaxy NGC 3367

We report new detailed surface U, B, V, R, and I photometry of 81 stellar structures in the disk of the barred galaxy NGC 3367. The images show many different structures indicating that star formation is going on in the most part of the disk. NGC 3367 is known to have a very high concentration of molecular gas distribution in the central regions of the galaxy and bipolar synchrotron emission from the nucleus with two lobes (at 6 kpc) forming a triple structure similar to a radio galaxy. We have determined the U, B, V, R, and I magnitudes and U - B, B - V, U - V, and V - I colors for the central region (nucleus), a region which includes supernovae 2003 AA, and 79 star associations throughout NGC 3367. Estimation of ages of star associations is very difficult due to several factors, among them: filling factor, metallicity, spatial distribution of each structure and the fact that we estimated the magnitudes with a circular aperture of 16 pixels in diameter, equivalent to $6''.8\sim1.4$ kpc. However, if the colors derived for NGC 3367 were similar to the colors expected of star clusters with theoretical evolutionary star tracks developed for the LMC and had a similar metallicity, NGC 3367 show 51 percent of the observed structures with age type SWB I (few tens of Myrs), with seven sources outside the bright surface brightness visible disk of NGC 3367.Comment: Accepted for publication (abr 2007) in The Astronomical Journal (July 2007 issue

Análisis de cobertura de Caloplaca austrocitrina en las paredes de la Catedral de la Inmaculada Concepción de La Plata

La Catedral de La Plata, diseñada por P. Benoit, se comenzó a construir en 1905 utilizando mampostería de ladrillos asentados sobre morteros, aunque fue concluida en 1999, año en que se realizaron tareas de hidrolavado y aplicación de hidrofugantes. Desde entonces, no ha sido objeto de tareas de limpieza, notándose en la actualidad la presencia de diversos organismos, entre ellos, líquenes, y en particular, Caloplaca austrocitrina. Se estudió la cobertura de esta especie que crece en los muros de la Catedral, analizando la influencia ambiental sobre la colonización por líquenes. Se utilizaron cuadrados de 20 x 20 cm para evaluar la cobertura como medida indirecta de la densidad, utilizando el método de Braun Blanquet, sobre las distintas paredes y se relacionó dicha cobertura con la orientación y la altura a la que se encuentran los líquenes. Se analizó la variación de cobertura con la altura por medio de un ANOVA, y para la variación con la orientación se realizó la prueba de Kruskall-Wallis. Además, se hicieron mediciones de absorción de agua a 24 hs. y de retención de agua en ambiente sobre muestras de ladrillos de otras construcciones históricas. Como resultado se halló que la orientación es un factor que influencia la densidad de la población, a diferencia de lo observado con la altura. Se pudo apreciar que la orientación sureste es mucho más densa que las otras muestreadas, lo que se atribuye a la menor exposición al sol y mayor exposición a las lluvias y la humedad.Tópico 6: Patrimonio Urbano de los siglos XVIII al XX. Técnicas de Limpieza y de Conservación

VLA continuum observations of barred spiral galaxies

Observations of NGC 613, NGC 1300, NGC 4314 and NGC 5383 using the VLA at frequencies of 1464.9 and 4885.1 MHz are reported. These objects are a subset of galaxies from which radio emission were searched. The selection criteria were: (1) they are barred spiral galaxies preferentially with different Hubble type; (2) they have a peculiar or hot spot nucleus; (3) they have been observed at far infrared wavelengths by IRAS; and (4) they are observable from the northern hemisphere. Their radio and far infrared properties are summarized and their composite spectra are shown

Evaluation of machine learning classifiers in keratoconus detection from orbscan II examinations

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron and radial basis function neural network as auxiliary tools to identify keratoconus from Orbscan II maps. METHODS: A total of 318 maps were selected and classified into four categories: normal (n = 172), astigmatism (n = 89), keratoconus (n = 46) and photorefractive keratectomy (n = 11). For each map, 11 attributes were obtained or calculated from data provided by the Orbscan II. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the classifiers. Besides accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each classifier were generated, and the areas under the curves were calculated. RESULTS: The three selected classifiers provided a good performance, and there were no differences between their performances. The area under the ROC curve of the support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron and radial basis function neural network were significantly larger than those for all individual Orbscan II attributes evaluated (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that using a support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron classifiers and radial basis function neural network, these classifiers, trained on Orbscan II data, could represent useful techniques for keratoconus detection

Geoestatística aplicada à modelagem da dinâmica de crescimento e características químicas do solo de um fragmento florestal

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Sylvio Péllico NettoCo-orientadora : Profª. Drª. Ana Paula Dalla CorteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 06/03/2015Inclui referências (fls. 178-187)Área de concentração : Manejo florestalResumo: A fragmentação das formações florestais, sobretudo a Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), têm motivado as pesquisas científicas na caracterização dos remanescentes florestais, considerando a dinâmica de diversos componentes do ecossistema florestal. Contudo, muitas dessas pesquisas têm sido realizadas sem considerar a possível influência que uma determinada variável do ambiente pode exercer sobre outra, e sem a preocupação com a influência da dependência espacial no comportamento das variáveis de um ecossistema, bem como sua representação no espaço. Desta forma, este trabalho visou a análise da dinâmica de crescimento e condições edáficas de um fragmento de FOM, bem como a modelagem geoestatística dessas variáveis. Para tanto foram utilizados dados provenientes de um inventário contínuo em três parcelas permanentes de 1 ha cada, subdivididas em 25 subunidades com dimensões de 20 x 20m (400 m²) totalizando uma área amostral de 3 ha, localizadas na Estação Experimental Rudi Arno Seitz, no município de São João do Triunfo, Paraná. Os anos de análise foram de 2009 a 2013, perfazendo um período de 4 anos, nos quais todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito igual ou maior que 10,0 cm (dap ? 10,0 cm) foram identificados e mensurados, além da coleta de amostras compostas de solo, retiradas por tradagem na profundidade de 0-20 cm e analisadas quimicamente, todas georreferenciadas. A dinâmica de crescimento da floresta foi avaliada pelo incremento periódico anual em diâmetro e área basal, incremento corrente anual em área basal, mortalidade e recrutamento, e para a compreensão das relações do componente arbóreo e condições edáficas, utilizou-se a estatística multivariada com a técnica da análise de componentes principais e posterior correlação entre as variáveis consideradas. Tais variáveis foram modeladas por meio do Software ArcGIS, aplicando a krigagem e cokrigagem como interpoladores para dados não amostrados. Em análise da dinâmica florestal observou-se um crescimento em diâmetro de 0,19 cm.ano-1, e em área basal de 0,42 m².ha-1.ano-1, considerados padrão para essa tipologia florestal. A taxa média de recrutamento (1,7%) foi superior à taxa média de mortalidade (1,0%), mostrando que o fragmento encontra-se em constante processo de recomposição e desenvolvimento. O solo das parcelas estudadas apresentou condição elevada de acidez, alta concentração de alumínio e baixa saturação por bases, indicando locais de baixa fertilidade natural. A utilização das técnicas de análise multivariada de dados permitiu compactar os grupos de variáveis estudadas por meio dos componentes principais, os quais representaram 70% da variância total dos dados, e as correlações entre os grupos foram consideradas moderadas, indicando que a influência das variáveis químicas do solo na dinâmica florestal não foi perceptível em sua totalidade. Em geral, a modelagem geoestatística para os dois grupos de variáveis analisadas, possibilitou estimativas satisfatórias, com precisão aceitável tendo em vista os parâmetros gerados pelo semivariograma e validação. Por meio dos mapas de inferência gerados, foi possível a análise visual do comportamento espacial de cada variável, ressaltando as diferentes tendências entre as parcelas estudadas, concluindo-se que a geoestatística mostrou grande potencial na caracterização do fragmento quanto à dinâmica florestal e condições edáficas. Palavras-chave: Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Estrutura florestal. Condições edáficas. Análise multivariada. Geoprocessamento.Abstract: Fragmentation of forests, especially on the Araucaria Forest (AF) have motivated scientific research on the characterization of forest remnants, considering the dynamics of various components of the forest ecosystem. However, many of these studies have been conducted without considering the possible influence that a certain environment variable can have on another, and without concern for the influence of spatial dependence in the behavior of the variables of an ecosystem, as well as their representation in space. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the growth dynamics and soil conditions of a fragment of AF and the geostatistical modeling of these variables. Therefore, we used data from a continuous inventory in three permanent plots of 1 ha each, subdivided into 25 sub-units with dimensions of 20 x 20m (400 m²) with a total sample area of 3 ha, located at the Experimental Station Rudi Arno Seitz in São João do Triunfo, Paraná. The years of analysis were from 2009 to 2013, for a period of 4 years, in which all trees with diameter at breast height equal to or greater than 10.0 cm (dbh ? 10.0 cm) were identified and measured. Additionally composite soil samples were taken at depth of 0-20 cm and chemically analyzed, all georeferenced. The dynamics of forest growth was assessed by periodic annual increment in diameter and basal area, mean annual increment in basal area mortality and recruitment, and to understand the relations between trees and soil conditions, multivariate statistics was used by the means of principal component technique analysis and subsequent correlation between the variables considered. These variables were modeled using the ArcGIS, applying kriging and cokriging as interpolatior for data not sampled. Analyzing forest dynamics, were observed an increase in diameter of 0.19 cm.ano-1, and in basal area of 0.42 m².ha- 1.ano-1, considered standard for this forest type. The average recruitment rate (1.7%) was higher than average mortality rate (1.0%), showing that the fragment is in constant process of recovery and development. The soil of the studied plots showed condition of high acidity, high concentration of aluminum and low base saturation, indicating locations of low fertility. The use of multivariate analysis techniques allowed the compression of the groups of variables by the principal components, which accounted for 70% of the total variance, and correlations between groups were considered moderate, indicating that the influence of chemical variables of the soil in forest dynamics was not noticeable in its entirety. In general, the geostatistical modeling for the two groups of variables analyzed allowed satisfactory estimates with acceptable accuracy considering the parameters generated by the semivariogram and validation. Through the inference maps, it was possible the visual analysis of the spatial behavior of each variable, highlighting the different trends between the plots studied, concluding that geostatistics showed great potential in the characterization of the fragment regarding the forest dynamics and soil conditions. Keywords: Araucaria Forest, Forest Structure, Edaphic Conditions, Multivariate Analysis, Geoprocessing