La situación de las mujeres rurales en España : el caso de las artesanas alimentariasa pequeña escala

Rural women's discrimination and the lack of effective implementation of the legislation on gender equality is a phenomenon found around the world. Women have been traditionally the responsible of family care and feeding, thus they have developed productive tasks that allow combining productive and reproductive activities in the farm. Food processing is one of these activities and it allows women to have a paid work or to complement agrarian rents in a context where most of agricultural works are vetoed to them. Nevertheless, women are usually linked to small-scale agricultural projects which prioritize quality and local food production, and the expansion of industrial food systems has worsened the situation of artisan women. In the present research we aimed, through the use of qualitative methodologies, at conducting a diagnosis of the situation of women leading small-scale food transformation projects in Spain while eliciting their main difficulties, needs and claims.La discriminación de las mujeres rurales y la falta de una aplicación efectiva de la legislación sobre la igualdad de género es un fenómeno extendido alrededor del mundo. Las mujeres han sido tradicionalmente las responsables del cuidado y alimentación familiar, en consecuencia han desarrollado tareas productivas que facilitan la combinación de actividades productivas y reproductivas en la explotación agraria. La transformación alimentaria es una de esas actividades que permite a las mujeres tener un trabajo remunerado o complementar la renta agraria en un contexto dónde la mayoría de los trabajos agrícolas están vetados para ellas. Sin embargo, las mujeres suelen estar vinculadas a proyectos que priorizan la producción local y de calidad, y la expansión de la producción industrial de alimentos ha empeorado la situación de las mujeres artesanas alimentarias. En el presente estudio se pretende, mediante el uso de metodologías cualitativas, abordar un diagnóstico de la situación de las mujeres que llevan a cabo proyectos de transformación alimentaria a pequeña escala en España mostrando sus principales dificultades, necesidades y propuestas

Cbfa-1 mediates nitric oxide regulation of MMP-13 in osteoblasts.

During bone development, osteoblast differentiation requires remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Although underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated, evidence points to the participation of the nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) system. Here, we detected increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 mRNA, protein and activity, as well as increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production during the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Transcriptional activity of the MMP-13 promoter was augmented by NO, 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP), and by a dominant-positive form of protein kinase G (PKG1-alpha). The stimulatory effect on the MMP-13 promoter was partially inhibited by mutation of the osteoblast-specific element 2 (OSE-2) binding site. Core binding factor-1 (Cbfa-1) expression peaked at 7 days of differentiation, and was phosphorylated by PKG in vitro. Cbfa-1 was localized to cell nuclei, and its translocation was inhibited by the iNOS inhibitor 1400W. Immunohistological examination revealed that MMP-13 and Cbfa-1 expression levels are both reduced in 17-day-old embryos of iNOS-deficient mice. Silencing of Cbfa-1 mRNA blocked MMP-13 expression without interfering with endogenous NO production, confirming its role in NO-induced MMP-13 expression by MC3T3-E1 cells. The results described here suggest a mechanism by which NO regulates osteogenesis.S

Plasmatic level of neurosin predicts outcome of mild cognitive impairment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disorder considered to be a transitional stage from health to dementia. Diagnosis of dementias at these early stages is always troublesome because the pathophysiologic events leading to dementia precede clinical symptoms. Thus, the development of biomarkers that can be used to support the diagnosis of dementias at early stages is rapidly becoming a high priority. We have recently reported the value of measuring plasmatic levels of neurosin in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to determine whether measuring plasmatic concentration of neurosin is a valuable test to predict progression of MCI.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Plasmatic neurosin concentrations were measured in 68 MCI patients and 70 controls subjects. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study. Sixty six patients diagnosed with MCI were observed for 18 months. In 36 patients a second blood sample was obtained at the endpoint.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean value of plasmatic neurosin concentration differs significantly between MCI patients who converted to Dementia with vascular component, those who converted to AD, or those who remained at MCI stage. The relative risk of developing Dementia with vascular component when neurosin levels are higher than 5.25 ng/ml is 13 while the relative risk of developing mild AD when neurosin levels are lower than 5.25 ng/ml is 2. Increases in the levels of neurosin indicate progression to Dementia with vascular component.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The measurement of plasmatic neurosin level in patients diagnosed with MCI may predict conversion from MCI to Dementia with vascular component. A single measurement is also valuable to estimate the risk of developing AD and Dementia with vascular component. Finally, repeated measurement of plasmatic neurosin might be a useful test to predict outcome in patients with MCI.</p

El microtrauma mecánico produciría aftas mediante la liberación de patrones moleculares asociados a daño

20 p.La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (mejor conocida como aftas) es la alteración ulcerativa prevalente de la cavidad oral. Existen múltiples reportes que le atribuyen microtrauma mecánico local un rol en el desencadenamiento de episodios de aftas. Pese a la evidencia y observaciones clínicas, no existe un modelo teórico que vincule la injuria con las aftas. En esta revisión narrativa proponemos como hipótesis que el microtrauma mecánico local en la mucosa no queratinizada genera la liberación de patrones moleculares asociados a daño al espacio extracelular, principalmente el ADN mitocondrial, que al unirse al receptor tipo toll 9 ubicado en las células presentadoras de antígenos, podría desencadenar respuestas inmunológicas exageradas que provocarían la ulceración

Actions to strengthen the contribution of small farms and small food businesses to food security in Europe

This study stems from a participatory foresight exercise conducted in nine Mediterranean, Baltic, Nordic and Eastern European regions, aiming to strengthen the role of small farms and small food businesses in ensuring food security. A wide range of stakeholders participated by attending workshops. They represented farmers’ organisations, food businesses, consumers’ organisations, NGOs, researchers, extension services, professional groups, and administration and public bodies. The actions proposed by participants are scanned and categorised around six broad objectives, stakeholders’ priorities and their underlying beliefs and preconceptions are discussed around the current debates of the literature, and the drivers that influence the feasibility of the proposed actions are discussed. Furthermore, the alignment of stakeholders’ -driven objectives with the European Strategies on food, agriculture, and rural areas is examined, with a focus on: (i) the EU Farm to Fork Strategy, (ii) the Rural Action Plan contained in the Long-Term Vision of Rural Areas developed by the EU Commission, and (iii) the Common Agricultural Policy in force since January 2023

Calibrachoa: Plagas y manejo

Calibrachoa es un género exclusivamente americano, afín a Petunia, de distribución predominan temente sub-tropical atlántica entre los paralelos 18 y 37 ºS. En la Argentina existen 13 especies nativas presentes principalmente en la Mesopotamia. Se las encuentra creciendo en ambientes abiertos con suelo arenoso o pedregoso de buen drenaje de Entre Ríos y Corrientes, o en suelos rojizos ácidos de Misiones o norte de Corrientes. Desde su creación, el Instituto de Floricultura de INTA ha trabajado en el desarrollo de variedades nacionales de calibrachoa como fruto del mejoramiento genético de germoplasma nativo. Tanto es así, que el mercado florícola argentino cuenta con tres variedades nacionales: Overá fucsia INTA y Pampa salmón INTA (inscriptas en el Registro Nacional de Cultivares del Instituto Nacional de Semillas) e INTA 06575 (patentada en la Patent and Trademark Office de Estados Unidos). Las variedades de calibrachoa desarrolladas por INTA son plan tas herbáceas perennes, de pleno sol y comportamiento anual. Florecen constantemente desde la primavera hasta el otoño en forma muy abundante, con un pico entre el fin de la primavera y el inicio del verano. Ofrecen néctar a visitantes florales, son vigo rosas y con amplia cobertura del espacio, recomendables para ser plantadas en macetas colgantes o macetas grandes (Figura 1) o utilizadas en espacios abiertos a pleno sol, en canteros y borduras (Figura 2). Son de fácil mantenimiento. La variedad Overá fucsia INTA (Figura 3) es de porte erecto, compacta, con floración abundante. Sus flores son de color fucsia y aparecen en forma temprana, independientemente del fotoperio do. Prefiere suelos o sustratos levemente ácidos (pH 5,5-6,5). Es ideal para cultivo en macetas, pero también presenta un buen comportamiento en canteros o borduras. La variedad Pampa salmón INTA (Figura 4) es de porte semierecto. Sus flores son de color salmón. La floración es más tardía que en otras variedades, requiere de fotoperiodo mayor a 12 horas y alta iluminación para florecer plenamente. Es ideal para espacios abiertos como canteros o borduras a pleno sol. A diferencia de las otras variedades, no es tan exigente de suelos o sustratos ácidos. La variedad INTA 06575 (Figura 5) es la de crecimiento más vigoroso. Sus flores son de color púr pura. Al igual que las de Overá fucsia INTA, aparecen en forma temprana, independientemente del fotoperiodo. Prefiere suelos o sustratos mediana a ligeramente ácidos (pH 5,5-6,5) y tolera las altas temperatura del verano. Es ideal para espacios abiertos, en canteros o borduras a pleno sol.Fil: Borrelli, N.P. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, M.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Marta Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Alderete, Marisol. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Beatriz Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Karlanian, Mónica N. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Martín Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Lager, Eduardo Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Tombion, Leticia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

Do Clinical Trials Meet Current Care Needs? Views of Digestive Oncology Specialists in Galicia (Spain) Using the Delphi Method

Background: In recent years, abundant scientific evidence has been generated based on clinical trials (CT) in the field of oncology. The general objective of this paper is to find out the extent to which decision making is based on knowledge of the most recent CT. Its specific objectives are to pinpoint difficulties with decision making based on the CT performed and find out the motivations patients and clinicians have when taking part in a CT. Methodology: Combined, prospective study, based on the Delphi method. A lack of correspondence between the people who take part in CT and patients who come for consultation has been identified. A need for training in analysing and interpreting CT has also been identified and a lack of trust in the results of CT financed by the pharmaceutical industry itself has been perceived. Conclusions: There is a difficulty in selecting oncological treatment due to the lack of correspondence between the patients included in the CT and patients seen in consultation. In this process, real world data studies may be highly useful, as they may provide this group with greater training in interpreting CT and their results.S

Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson’s Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

Background and Objective: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. Material and Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable). Results: After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; p < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; p = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = -0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale) (β = -0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865). Conclusions: Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD