Influencia de los aportes teóricos de las ciencias administrativas, desde una perspectiva de gestión y control interno en las MYPIMES del sector comercial del municipio de Facatativá.

MYPIMES, also known as micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the recent years they have become in one of the pillars of the regional and national economy. They participate in all economy sectors, but the commercial sector stand out over the rest, as happens in Facatativa, they help to produce employment, also they’re implicated in the economy circulation and they contribute to the socioeconomic development of the city. By the 2023, in Facatativa there is around 950 companies constituted legally and they belong to this sector, however there is any enterprises that it works in an informal way. Though they contribute to the regional economy, there´s not an optimal way to calculate these statistics. Hence, the business management and the internal control have a fundamental role so that MYPIMES can progressing like the way they are currently doing, because it allows managers to supervise clearly the management activities that the enterprises doing to accomplish their goals and it help having an internal control to supervise the internal activities, becoming in two tools that can contribute in a theoretical and practice way to all sections of the business organizations. Key words: Management, Internal control, MYPIMES, Administration.Las MYPIMES, conocidas también como micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, durante los últimos años se han convertido en uno de los pilares de la economía regional y nacional. Son participes de todos los sectores de la economía, pero se destaca el sector comercial como sucede en el municipio de Facatativá, donde gracias al desarrollo de sus actividades comerciales, ayudan a la generación de empleo, la circulación de la economía y el desarrollo socioeconómico del municipio. Para el año 2023, en Facatativá se encuentran legalmente constituidas alrededor de 950 empresas pertenecientes a este sector, sin mencionar aquellas que se encuentran funcionando de manera informal; aunque, aportan a la economía del municipio, no hay una manera óptima de medir las estadísticas. Por lo tanto, la gestión empresarial y el control interno juegan un papel fundamental para que las MYPIMES puedan seguir avanzando de la manera en que actualmente lo están haciendo, pues permite observar con claridad todas las actividades de gestión que realizan las empresas para cumplir con sus objetivos y ayuda a tener un control y un monitoreo constante de los procedimientos internos, siendo así, dos herramientas que pueden aportar de forma teórica y práctica a los distintos departamentos de las organizaciones empresariales

Effort Estimation in Agile Software Development: A Systematic Map Study

Introduction − Making effort estimation as accurate and suitable for software development projects becomes a fundamental stage to favor its success, which is a difficult task, since the application of these techniques in constant changing agile development projects raises the need to evaluate different methods frequently.  Objectives− The objective of this study is to provide a state of the art on techniques of effort estimation in agile software development (ASD), performance evaluation and the drawbacks that arise in its application.  Method− A systematic mapping was developed involving the creation of research questions to provide a layout of this study, analysis of related words for the implementation of a search query to obtain related studies, application of exclusion, inclusion, and quality criteria to filter nonrelated studies and finally the organization and extraction of the necessary information from each study.   Results− 25 studies were selected; the main findings are: the most applied estimation techniques in agile contexts are: Estimation of Story Points (SP) followed by Planning Poker (PP) and Expert Judgment (EJ). The most frequent solutions supported in computational techniques such as: Naive Bayes, Regression Algorithms and Hybrid System; also, the performance evaluation measures Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE), Prediction Assessment (PRED) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) have been found to be the most commonly used. Additionally, parameters such as feasibility, experience, and the delivery of expert knowledge, as well as the constant particularity and lack of data in the process of creating models to be applied to a limited number of environments are the challenges that arise the most when estimating software in agile software development (ASD)    Conclusions− It has been found there is an increase in the number of articles that address effort estimation in agile development, however, it becomes evident the need to improve the accuracy of the estimation by using estimation  techniques supported in machine learning  that have been shown to facilitate and improve the performance of this.  Key Words − Effort Estimation; Agile Software Development; Issues and Challenges; Automatic Learning; Performance Metrics  Introducción − Realizar una estimación de esfuerzo lo más precisa y adecuada para proyectos de desarrollo de software, se ha convertido en pieza fundamental para favorecer el éxito y desarrollo de los mismos, sin embargo, aplicar este tipo de estimación en proyectos de desarrollo ágil, en donde los cambios son constantes, la convierte en una tarea muy compleja de implementar.    Objetivo− El objetivo de este estudio es proveer un estado del arte sobre técnicas de estimación de esfuerzo en desarrollo de software ágil, la evaluación de su desempeño y los inconvenientes que se presentan en su aplicación.    Metodología− Se desarrolló un mapeo sistemático que involucró la creación de preguntas de investigación con el fin de proveer una estructura a seguir, análisis de palabras relacionadas con el tema de investigación para la creación e implementación de una cadena de búsqueda para la identificación de estudios relacionados con el tema, aplicación de criterios de exclusión, inclusión y calidad a los artículos encontrados para poder descartar estudios no relevantes y finalmente la organización y extracción de la información necesaria de cada artículo.     Resultados− De los 25 estudios seleccionados; los principales hallazgos son: las técnicas de estimación más aplicadas en contextos ágiles son: Estimación por medio de Puntos de Historia (SP) seguidos de Planning Poker (PP) y Juicio de Expertos (EJ). Soluciones soportadas en técnicas computacionales como: Naive Bayes, Algoritmos de Regresión y Sistema Híbridos; también se ha encontrado que la Magnitud Media del Error Relativo (MMRE), la Evaluación de la Predicción (PRED) y Error Absoluto Medio (MAE) son las medidas de evaluación de desempeño más usadas. Adicionalmente, se ha encontrado que parámetros como la viabilidad, la experiencia y la entrega de conocimiento de expertos, así como la constante particularidad y falta de datos en el proceso de creación de modelos para aplicarse a un limitado número de entornos son los desafíos que más se presentan al momento de realizar estimación de software en el desarrollo de software ágil (ASD)    Conclusiones− Se ha encontrado que existe un aumento en la cantidad de artículos que abordan la estimación de esfuerzo en el desarrollo ágil, sin embargo, se hace evidente la necesidad de mejorar la precisión de la estimación mediante el uso de técnicas de estimación soportadas en el aprendizaje de máquina que han demostrado que facilita y mejora el desempeño de este.    

Clinical, Microbiological, and Genetic Characteristics of Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in a Teaching Hospital

The emergence of vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) is of major concern worldwide. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic and molecular features of hVISA strains isolated from bacteremic patients and to determine the clinical significance of the hVISA phenotype in patients with bacteremia. A total of 104 S. aureus blood isolates were collected from a teaching hospital of Argentina between August 2009 and November 2010. No VISA isolate was recovered, and 3 out of 92 patients (3.3%) were infected with hVISA, 2 of them methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4.5% of MRSA). Macro Etest and prediffusion method detected 3/3 and 2/3 hVISA respectively. Considering the type of bacteremia, the three cases were distributed as follows: two patients had suffered multiple episodes of bacteremia (both hVISA strains recovered in the second episode), while only one patient had suffered a single episode of bacteremia with hVISA infection. MRSA bloodstream isolates exhibiting the hVISA phenotype were related to HA-MRSA Cordobes clone (ST5-SCCmec I-spa t149) and MRSA Argentinean pediatric clone (ST100-SCCmec IVNV-spa t002), but not to CA-MRSA-ST30-SCCmec IV-spa t019 clone that was one of the most frequent in our country. Although still relatively infrequent in our hospital, hVISA strains weresignificantly associated with multiple episodes of bacteremia ( p = 0.037) and genetically unrelated.Fil: Di Gregorio, Sabrina Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Perazzi, Beatriz Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Ordoñez, Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: de Gregorio, Stella. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Focoli, Mónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Lasala, María Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Vay, Carlos Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Famiglietti, Angela María Rosa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Somatic evolution and global expansion of an ancient transmissible cancer lineage

The canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a cancer lineage that arose several millennia ago and survives by ‘metastasising’ between hosts via cell transfer. The somatic mutations in this cancer record its phylogeography and evolutionary history. We constructed a time-resolved phylogeny from 546 CTVT exomes and describe the lineage’s worldwide expansion. Examining variation in mutational exposure, we identify a highly context-specific mutational process that operated early but subsequently vanished, correlate ultraviolet-light mutagenesis with tumour latitude, and describe tumours with heritable hyperactivity of an endogenous mutational process. CTVT displays little evidence of ongoing positive selection, and negative selection is detectable only in essential genes. We illustrate how long-lived clonal organisms capture changing mutagenic environments, and reveal that neutral drift is the dominant feature of long-term cancer evolution

Plan tecnológico Centro de Biotecnología Industrial 2030 : “Innovación y tecnología para el desarrollo regional”

Se presenta el plan tecnológico del Centro de Biotecnología Industrial del SENA con visión a 2030 el cual se concibe cómo un instrumento que permite: la mejora del desempeño, identificar y optar por tecnologías teniendo en cuenta las necesidades futuras de las empresas regionales, nacionales y sus tendencias mundiales, con el fin de aportar a la competitividad y productividad del país.The technological plan of the SENA Industrial Biotechnology Center with a vision of 2030 is presented, which is conceived as an instrument that allows: performance improvement, identifying and choosing technologies taking into account the future needs of regional and national companies and their world trends, in order to contribute to the competitiveness and productivity of the country.Fase I. Análisis y diagnóstico estratégico -- Seguimiento al plan tecnológico inmediatamente anterior -- Análisis externo del centro de formación -- Análisis interno del centro de formación -- Cruce DOFA -- Vigilancia científico-tecnológica -- Vigilancia competitiva -- Fase II. Formulación estratégica -- Mapa de trayectoria tecnológica -- Validación con expertos – Construcción de escenarios -- Formulación estratégica -- Fase III. Recomendaciones estratégicas.na261 página

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.

Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años

Somatic evolution and global expansion of an ancient transmissible cancer lineage

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-02GPD Charitable TrustLeverhulme TrustThe canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a cancer lineage that arose several millennia ago and survives by “metastasizing” between hosts through cell transfer. The somatic mutations in this cancer record its phylogeography and evolutionary history. We constructed a time-resolved phylogeny from 546 CTVT exomes and describe the lineage's worldwide expansion. Examining variation in mutational exposure, we identify a highly context-specific mutational process that operated early in the cancer's evolution but subsequently vanished, correlate ultraviolet-light mutagenesis with tumor latitude, and describe tumors with heritable hyperactivity of an endogenous mutational process. CTVT displays little evidence of ongoing positive selection, and negative selection is detectable only in essential genes. We illustrate how long-lived clonal organisms capture changing mutagenic environments, and reveal that neutral genetic drift is the dominant feature of long-term cancer evolution.Transmissible Cancer Group Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeAnimal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC)World VetsAnimal Shelter Stichting Dierenbescherming SurinameSikkim Anti-Rabies and Animal Health Programme Department of Animal Husbandry Livestock Fisheries and Veterinary Services Government of SikkimRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Easter Bush CampusConserLab Animal Preventive Medicine Department Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of ChileCorozal Veterinary Hospital University of PanamáSt. George's UniversityNakuru District Veterinary Scheme LtdAnimal Medical CentreInternational Animal Welfare Training Institute UC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineCentro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP)Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery São Paulo State University (UNESP)Ladybrand Animal ClinicVeterinary Clinic Sr. Dog'sWorld Vets Latin America Veterinary Training CenterNational Veterinary Research InstituteAnimal ClinicIntermunicipal Stray Animals Care Centre (DIKEPAZ)Animal Protection Society of SamoaFaculty of Veterinary Science University of ZuliaVeterinary Clinic BIOCONTROLFaculty of Veterinary Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyVeterinary Clinic El Roble Animal Healthcare Network Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of ChileOnevetGroup Hospital Veterinário BernaUniversidade Vila VelhaVeterinary Clinic ZoovetservisÉcole Inter-états des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de DakarDepartment of Small Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht UniversityVetexpert Veterinary GroupVeterinary Clinic Lopez QuintanaClinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond Saint Gilles les BainsDepartment of Veterinary Sciences University of MessinaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MéxicoSchool of Veterinary Medicine Universidad de las AméricasCancer Development and Innate Immune Evasion Lab Champalimaud Center for the UnknownTouray and Meyer Vet ClinicHillside Animal HospitalKampala Veterinary SurgeryAsavet Veterinary CharitiesVets Beyond BordersFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Autonomous University of YucatanLaboratorio de Patología Veterinaria Universidad de CaldasInterdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of LisbonFour Paws InternationalHelp in SufferingVeterinary Clinic Dr José RojasDepartment of Biotechnology Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management SciencesCorozal Veterinary ClinicVeterinary Clinic VetmasterState Hospital of Veterinary MedicineJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyLaboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of ChileFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of MelbourneAnimal Anti Cruelty LeagueClinical Sciences Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine BucharestDepartment of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara UniversityFaculty of Veterinary Sciences National University of AsuncionLilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals (LSPCA)Wellcome Sanger InstituteDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoDepartment of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery São Paulo State University (UNESP)Leverhulme Trust: 102942/Z/13/

Recurrent horizontal transfer identifies mitochondrial positive selection in a transmissible cancer

Abstract: Autonomous replication and segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates the potential for evolutionary conflict driven by emergence of haplotypes under positive selection for ‘selfish’ traits, such as replicative advantage. However, few cases of this phenomenon arising within natural populations have been described. Here, we survey the frequency of mtDNA horizontal transfer within the canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), a contagious cancer clone that occasionally acquires mtDNA from its hosts. Remarkably, one canine mtDNA haplotype, A1d1a, has repeatedly and recently colonised CTVT cells, recurrently replacing incumbent CTVT haplotypes. An A1d1a control region polymorphism predicted to influence transcription is fixed in the products of an A1d1a recombination event and occurs somatically on other CTVT mtDNA backgrounds. We present a model whereby ‘selfish’ positive selection acting on a regulatory variant drives repeated fixation of A1d1a within CTVT cells

Human Cytokines Individual Response to a Controlled Orthodontic Force System. Pilot study

Antecedentes: La fuerza mecánica en tratamientos ortodóncicos sobre un diente, es transmitida al periodonto induciendo su movimiento a través del hueso alveolar, favorecido por la liberación de diferentes citocinas; sus altos o bajos niveles y su correlación con la desaceleración del movimiento dental en el tiempo, pueden ser diferentes entre los individuos. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre los niveles de IL-1, TNF-, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-1RA en fluido crevicular gingival (FCG) y movimiento dental, posterior a la aplicación de una fuerza ortodóncica controlada, para retraer caninos o primeros premolares al sitio de extracción en individuos sanos con necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico. Método: Se realizó retracción seccional (13Kpa) de un canino o primer premolar superior con mecánica deslizante en 4 individuos con tratamiento ortodóncico y exodoncias de primeros o segundos premolares, durante 60 días. En 8 tiempos se tomó el FCG y modelos en yeso. Las citocinas de FCG fueron cuantificadas por Luminex® y los modelos escaneados y analizados con el software Orthoanalyzer de 3Shape®. Resultados: La expresión de las citocinas fue diferente entre ellas, fue mayor IL-1RA, seguida por IL-1β y TNF-α, sin diferencias entre los grupos experimental y control ni entre mesial y distal; su mayor expresión fue en el día 7. El movimiento dental entre los grupos, fue diferente en todos los tiempos, éste fluctuó entre 0.98-1.47mm y la velocidad entre 0.015-0.022mm/día. La máxima velocidad y cantidad de movimiento se dio entre 0 y 15 días y la menor al día 21. En los días 30 y 60 la velocidad y el movimiento disminuyó gradualmente. Conclusiones: La relación entre IL-1 y TNF- en FCG y la velocidad del movimiento dental, fue positiva en los días 7 y 15 y negativa para la IL-1RA. La variabilidad en los niveles de expresión de citocinas y movimiento dental entre pacientes, refleja la respuesta biológica individual.Vicerrectoria de Investigación de la Pontifica Universidad JaverianaPacientes en tratamiento de ortodoncia activo del posgrado de ortodoncia de la facultad de odontologia de la Pontificia Universidad JaverianaObjective : To evaluate the relation between IL1-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1RA obtained from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and tooth movement (TM) in a controlled orthodontic force system Methods : The mechanical model consisted of a sectional archwire that delivered a 13 Kpa standarized retraction compressive stress towards an upper canine to an extraction space in a controlled manner in four healthy patients. A cone-beam-computed-tomography was taken to calculate the center of resistance and the distal surface area of the tooth. The forces and moments in discharge were obtained characterizing T-loops bent on sectional TMA archwire using a precision industrial robot BBRX6-(Staubli-Bayrenth-Germany) and a sensor for forces and moments FTSnano-12.012:3D. A 13kPA force effort was calculated combining the discharge of the loop and the area of the distal surface of the tooth. The forces oscillated between 80-100 grmF. One-single activation was monitored during 60 days. Alginate impressions and GCF samples were taken at eight time intervals. Cytokines were quantified by LUMINEX, TM was measured on cast-models with the Orthoanalyzer-3Shape software. Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation coefficient analyses were done to compare cytokine values and TM for each time interval. Results: Cytokines varied between individuals. IL-1RA showed the highest expression followed by IL-1β and TNF-α. There were no significant differences between experimental and control sites. The amount of TM during the experimental time varied between 0.98 and 1.47 mm. The amount of TM was highest between days 0 and 15. During days 30-60 movement decreased gradually. There was movement during the whole experimental period. The correlation between IL-1β, TNF-α in GCF and velocity of TM was positive at days 7 and 15 and negative for IL-1RA. Conclusions: Large variability between cytokine expression and velocity of TM demonstrated the individual biological response to force stimulation. Low force produced a prolonged TM with abscense of marked latency periods.Especialista en OrtodonciaEspecializació