34 research outputs found

    Intervención sobre factores de riesgo de accidentes y accidentes en niños menores de cinco años

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    Introducción: las lesiones no intencionales o accidentes representan un problema de salud mundial. Objetivos: aplicar y evaluar una intervención comunitaria sobre factores de  riesgo y accidentes en hogares de  niños menores de cinco años. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte cuasi-experimental de intervención comunitaria  en  122 niños y sus familias de cuatro consultorios del Policlínico-Hospital “Alberto Fernández Valdés” de Santa Cruz del Norte, provincia Mayabeque  entre el 1ro de septiembre del 2013 y el 31 de marzo del 2014. Fueron variables: edad, factores de riesgo de accidentes, grados de riesgo de accidentes en los hogares y antecedentes de accidentes en los seis meses previos a la intervención. Se aplicó y se evaluó un cuestionario sobre accidentes y factores de riesgo al inicio del estudio  y seis meses después de la intervención. Resultados: los factores de riesgo de accidentes más frecuentes en los hogares fueron: niños dejados solos, 45.0%, equipos, tomacorrientes e instalaciones eléctricas sin protección, 36.0% y acceso libre al área de la cocina 33.6%. Predominaron los hogares con bajo riesgo con el 69.7%. En el 60.6% de los niños presentaron accidentes en los seis meses previos. Los accidentes más frecuentes fueron: caídas que requirieron tratamiento médico, 22.1%, introducción de cuerpos extraños, 18.8% y quemaduras, 10.6%. Después de la intervención disminuyeron significativamente los factores de riesgo y los accidentes. Conclusiones: se considera que la intervención comunitaria fue exitosa. Se recomienda aplicar la clasificación de riesgo utilizada en el estudio y seguir realizando intervenciones con esta metodología

    Phylogeography and Genetic Variation of Triatoma dimidiata, the Main Chagas Disease Vector in Central America, and Its Position within the Genus Triatoma

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    Chagas disease is a serious parasitic disease of Latin America. Human contamination in poor rural or periurban areas is mainly attributed to haematophagous triatomine insects. Triatoma includes important vector species, as T. dimidiata in Central and Meso-America. DNA sequences, phylogenetic methods and genetic variation analyses are combined in a large interpopulational approach to investigate T. dimidiata and its closest relatives within Triatoma. The phylogeography of Triatoma indicates two colonization lineages northward and southward of the Panama isthmus during ancient periods, with T. dimidiata presenting a large genetic variability related to evolutionary divergences from a Mexican-Guatemalan origin. One clade remained confined to Yucatan, Chiapas, Guatemala and Honduras, with extant descendants deserving species status: T. sp. aff. dimidiata. The second clade gave rise to four subspecies: T. d. dimidiata in Guatemala and Mexico (Chiapas) up to Honduras, Nicaragua, Providencia island, and introduced into Ecuador; T. d. capitata in Panama and Colombia; T. d. maculipennis in Mexico and Guatemala; and T. d. hegneri in Cozumel island. This taxa distinction may facilitate the understanding of the diversity of vectors formerly included under T. dimidiata, their different transmission capacities and the disease epidemiology. Triatoma dimidiata will offer more problems for control than T. infestans in Uruguay, Chile and Brazil, although populations in Ecuador are appropriate targets for insecticide-spraying

    Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

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    BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden

    Empoderamiento y compromiso organizacional en el personal de Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito Trujillo, Caraz 2022

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    El trabajo de investigación, tuvo como objetivo, determinar la relación entre el Empoderamiento y el Compromiso organizacional en el personal de caja municipal de ahorro y crédito Trujillo, Caraz 2022. El tipo de la investigación fue aplicada, con un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, descriptivo - correlacional. La población de estudio se constituyó de 30 personas, asimismo, se consideró a toda la población en su conjunto para la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación. Se utilizó el cuestionario aplicado en forma presencial, previo a ello los instrumentos fueron validadas por tres expertos. La confiabilidad del instrumento se ejecutó con el test de Alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo un resultado de 0, 883 para el cuestionario de la variable empoderamiento y 0, 939 para el cuestionario de la variable compromiso organizacional. Por otro lado, se empleó la técnica de Rho. de Spearman para la prueba de la hipótesis, se obtuvo un 0,686, es por eso que se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alterna, concluyendo que, existe relación significativa entre las variables de estudio. Es decir, a mayor empoderamiento mayor será el compromiso organizacional

    Intervención sobre factores de riesgo de accidentes y accidentes en niños menores de cinco años

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    Introducción: las lesiones no intencionales o accidentes representan un problema de salud mundial. Objetivos: aplicar y evaluar una intervención comunitaria sobre factores de  riesgo y accidentes en hogares de  niños menores de cinco años. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte cuasi-experimental de intervención comunitaria  en  122 niños y sus familias de cuatro consultorios del Policlínico-Hospital “Alberto Fernández Valdés” de Santa Cruz del Norte, provincia Mayabeque  entre el 1ro de septiembre del 2013 y el 31 de marzo del 2014. Fueron variables: edad, factores de riesgo de accidentes, grados de riesgo de accidentes en los hogares y antecedentes de accidentes en los seis meses previos a la intervención. Se aplicó y se evaluó un cuestionario sobre accidentes y factores de riesgo al inicio del estudio  y seis meses después de la intervención. Resultados: los factores de riesgo de accidentes más frecuentes en los hogares fueron: niños dejados solos, 45.0%, equipos, tomacorrientes e instalaciones eléctricas sin protección, 36.0% y acceso libre al área de la cocina 33.6%. Predominaron los hogares con bajo riesgo con el 69.7%. En el 60.6% de los niños presentaron accidentes en los seis meses previos. Los accidentes más frecuentes fueron: caídas que requirieron tratamiento médico, 22.1%, introducción de cuerpos extraños, 18.8% y quemaduras, 10.6%. Después de la intervención disminuyeron significativamente los factores de riesgo y los accidentes. Conclusiones: se considera que la intervención comunitaria fue exitosa. Se recomienda aplicar la clasificación de riesgo utilizada en el estudio y seguir realizando intervenciones con esta metodología

    Sistema de adquisición de datos confiable para un acelerógrafo de bajo costo aplicado al monitoreo de la salud estructural

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    Este artículo presenta y evalúa un sistema de registro continuo diseñado para una estación sísmica de bajo costo. La arquitectura tiene tres bloques principales. Un sensor acelerómetro basado en tecnología MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems), una plataforma SBC (Single Board Computer) con Linux embebido y un dispositivo microcontrolador. En particular, el microcontrolador representa el componente central que opera como agente intermedio para gestionar la comunicación entre el acelerómetro y el bloque SBC. Esta estrategia permite al sistema la adquisición de datos en tiempo real. Por otro lado, la plataforma SBC se utiliza para almacenar y procesar datos así como para configurar la comunicación remota con la estación. Esta propuesta pretende ser una solución robusta para el monitoreo de la salud estructural (es decir, para caracterizar la respuesta de una infraestructura antes, durante y después de un evento sísmico). El documento detalla el esquema de comunicación entre los componentes del sistema, que ha sido diseñado minuciosamente para garantizar que las muestras se recolecten sin pérdida de información. Además, para la evaluación experimental la estación se ubicó en las instalaciones sobre una infraestructura relevante, específicamente una presa hidroeléctrica. El funcionamiento del sistema se comparó y verificó con respecto a una estación acelerográfica certificada. Los resultados demuestran que el sistema de registro continuo funciona con éxito y permite detectar eventos sísmicos de acuerdo con los requisitos de las aplicaciones de salud estructural (es decir, detecta eventos con una frecuencia de vibración inferior a 100 Hz). Específicamente, a través del sistema implementado se pudo caracterizar el efecto de un evento sísmico de 4 MD reportado por la red regional de sismología y con epicentro ubicado a unos 30 Km de la presa hidroeléctrica. Particularmente, las frecuencias de vibración detectadas en la infraestructura están en el rango de 13 Hz y 29 Hz. En cuanto al rendimiento de la estación, los resultados de los experimentos revelan una carga de CPU promedio del 51%, por lo que los procesos configurados en la plataforma SBC no implican una sobrecarga. Finalmente, el consumo medio de energía de la estación se acerca a los 2,4 W, por lo que la autonomía que proporciona el sistema de respaldo es de alrededor de 10 horas.This paper presents and evaluates a continuous recording system designed for a low-cost seismic station. The architecture has three main blocks. An accelerometer sensor based on MEMS technology (Microelectromechanical Systems), an SBC platform (Single Board Computer) with embedded Linux and a microcontroller device. In particular, the microcontroller represents the central component which operates as an intermediate agent to manage the communication between the accelerometer and the SBC block. This strategy allows the system for data acquisition in real time. On the other hand, the SBC platform is used for storing and processing data as well as in order to configure the remote communication with the station. This proposal is intended as a robust solution for structural health monitoring (i.e. in order to characterize the response of an infrastructure before, during and after a seismic event). The paper details the communication scheme between the system components, which has been minutely designed to ensure the samples are collected without information loss. Furthermore, for the experimental evaluation the station was located in the facilities on a relevant infrastructure, specifically a hydroelectric dam. The system operation was compared and verified with respect to a certified accelerograph station. Results prove that the continuous recording system operates successfully and allows for detecting seismic events according to requirements of structural health applications (i.e. detects events with a frequency of vibration less than 100 Hz). Specifically, through the system implemented it was possible to characterize the effect of a seismic event of 4 MD reported by the regional seismology network and with epicenter located about 30 Km of the hydroelectric dam. Particularly, the vibration frequencies detected on the infrastructure are in the range of 13 Hz and 29 Hz. Regarding the station performance, results from experiments reveals an average CPU load of 51%, consequently the processes configured on the SBC platform do not involve an overload. Finally, the average energy consumption of the station is close to 2.4 W, therefore autonomy provided by the backup system is aroud of 10 hours

    Exploratory study of physic informed deep learning applied to a step-pool for different flow magnitudes

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    Physical laws governing a certain phenomenon can be included in a deep-learning model within a new paradigm: the so-called physical informed deep learning (PIDL). Physical laws in hydraulics consist of partial differential equations (PDEs) resulting from balance laws. The potential use of PIDL in a step-pool reach having a complex flow and geometric characteristics is tested in this article. The studied morphology belongs to a hydraulic observatory in a mountain river in Ecuador where flow and geometric data are available. The water level profile of PIDL was compared to a stationary one-dimensional HEC-RAS model and water levels measured at three staff gauges in the reach. Saint–Venant equations, geometry data, and boundary conditions were used to implement a PIDL-based model. The chosen PIDL architecture is based on the one with the lowest value for the loss function. The resulting water level profile of the PIDL model does not have instabilities, and according to dimensionless RMSE is slightly less efficient in its predictions than the HEC RAS model. Moreover, the difference between HEC-RAS and PIDL water profile decreases as flow increasesGuayaqui

    IoT-based microseismic monitoring system for the evaluation of structural health in smart cities

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    This paper presents the design and implementation of a prototype station, which aim to monitor microseismic events. The data collected by the sensors are used for detecting events on a specific zone, as well as for applications of structural health. The prototype was implemented using IoT devices (Internet of Things), such as MEMS accelerometers (Microelectromechanical Systems) and a single board computer with embedded Linux. The station can be accessed remotely by means of a web application based on Node.js, which provides users with real time data. Moreover, the prototype has the capacity of getting information of geolocation as well as platform status (e.g. CPU load, temperature and energy consumption). The main advantage of this proposal consists in the design of a solution based on open hardware architecture, open source, portability and low cost. Regarding the prototype evaluation, results show an appropriate operation, which represents the contribution of this work to the design of monitoring applications in the context of smart cities.Sori

    Melatonin modulates metabolic adaptation of pancreatic stellate cells subjected to hypoxia

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    Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the main cell type responsible for the development of fibrosis in pancreatic cancer, proliferate actively under hypoxia. Melatonin has received attention as a potential antifibrotic agent due to its anti-proliferative actions on PSCs. In this work, we investigated the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the metabolic adaptations that PSCs undergo under hypoxic conditions, as well as the probable modulation by melatonin. Incubation of cells under hypoxia induced an increase in cell proliferation, and in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and of collagen type 1. In addition, an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt was observed, whereas a decrease in the phosphorylation of PTEN and GSK-3b was noted. The phos-phorylation of mTOR and its substrate p70 S6K was decreased under hypoxia. Treatment of PSCs with melatonin under hypoxia diminished cell proliferation, the levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin and of collagen type 1, the phosphorylation of Akt and increased phosphorylation of mTOR. Mitochondrial activity decreased in PSCs under hypoxia. A glycolytic shift was observed. Melatonin further decreased mitochondrial activity. Under hypoxia, no increase in autophagic flux was noted. However, melatonin treatment induced autophagy activation. Never-theless, inhibition of this process did not induce detectable changes in the viability of cells treated with mela-tonin. We conclude that PSCs undergo metabolic adaptation under hypoxia that might help them survive and that pharmacological concentrations of melatonin modulate cell responses to hypoxia. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms by which melatonin could modulate fibrosis within the pancreas

    Patrones de diferencia entre parámetros de rugosidad efectivos calibrados físicos y 1-D en ríos de montaña

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    Debido a la presencia de cantos rodados y de diferentes morfologías, los ríos de montaña contienen diversas fuentes de resistencia. Para simular correctamente el flujo de un río usando modelos hidrodinámicos 1-D, se requiere una estimación precisa de la resistencia del flujo. En este artículo se presenta una comparación entre el parámetro de rugosidad física (PRP) y el coeficiente de rugosidad efectivo (ERC) para tres de las configuraciones morfológicas más típicas de los ríos de montaña: cascada, pileta y lecho plano. El PRP y su variación se obtuvieron a través de múltiples mediciones de variables de campo y un análisis de incertidumbre, mientras que el rango ERC se obtuvo con un procedimiento GLUE implementado en HEC-RAS, un modelo hidrodinámico 1-D. En los experimentos de GLUE, se probaron dos modos del método de pendiente de fricción representativa (RFSM) entre dos secciones transversales, incluyendo la variación en el parámetro de rugosidad. Los resultados revelaron que el efecto RFSM se limitaba a flujos bajos en cascada y piscina escalonada. Además, cuando HEC-RAS seleccionó el RSFM, solo se presentaron resultados aceptables para el lecho plano. La diferencia entre ERC y PRP dependía de la magnitud del flujo y la morfología, y como se muestra en este estudio, cuando el flujo aumentó, los rangos de ERC y PRP se acercaron e incluso se superpusieron en cascada y escalonamiento.Due to the presence of boulders and different morphologies, mountain rivers contain various resistance sources. To correctly simulate river flow using 1-D hydrodynamic models, an accurate estimation of the flow resistance is required. In this article, a comparison between the physical roughness parameter (PRP) and effective roughness coefficient (ERC) is presented for three of the most typical morphological configurations in mountain rivers: cascade, step-pool, and plane-bed. The PRP and its variation were obtained through multiple measurements of field variables and an uncertainty analysis, while the ERC range was derived with a GLUE procedure implemented in HEC-RAS, a 1-D hydrodynamic model. In the GLUE experiments, two modes of the Representative Friction Slope Method (RFSM) between two cross-sections were tested, including the variation in the roughness parameter. The results revealed that the RFSM effect was limited to low flows in cascade and step-pool. Moreover, when HEC-RAS selected the RSFM, only acceptable results were presented for plane-bed. The difference between ERC and PRP depended on the flow magnitude and the morphology, and as shown in this study, when the flow increased, the ERC and PRP ranges approached each other and even overlapped in cascade and step-pool. This research aimed to improve the roughness value selection process in a 1-D model given the importance of this parameter in the predictability of the results. In addition, a comparison was presented between the results obtained with the numerical model and the values calculated with the field measurements
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