Predetermined stress loading wav-file generation for a servohydraulic fatigue testing machine

Durante el trabajo se estudió la física de la fatiga y los procesos asociados a ella.Una vez estudiados dichos procesos, se pasó al test de probetas mediante datos representados en ondas que se ejecutaban en formado audio (WAV), creadas y programadas durante el propio trabajo y acondicionadas para su posterior uso por el programa LFV 500-HH SOFTWARE, software privado de la máquina LFV 500-HH,la cual se usó para llevar a cabo dichos test.El objetivo de este estudio era realizar el desarrollo teórico y practico necesario para posteriormente ser utilizado por una empresa hidráulica privada, en el test de los esfuerzos de sus conductos y tuberías al paso de fluidos por ellas

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND JOB TITLE

Does the position held by an individual in a company fit into his/her personality? The answer to this question is yes. This is because there is significant relationship between the characteristics possessed by a worker which includes his character, personality and way of life, with the current position he/she is holding in an organization. The evolution of man is in accordance with technological advancement, new cultures, social and economic developments, among other phenomena. In other words, the success in the position given to a person will depend largely on his/her personality from a mental and physical point of view. This aim of this paper is to analyze the part of clinical psychology which is associated with human talent through a series of characteristics and personality traits. Personality traits and characteristics are crucial for the proper performance of a worker in a specific job

Oligomeric enteral nutrition in undernutrition, due to oncology treatment-related diarrhea. Systematic review and proposal of an algorithm of action

Oncology treatment-related diarrhea and malnutrition appear together in oncological patients because of the disease itself, or the treatments that are administered for it. Therefore it is essential to carry out a nutritional treatment. Enteral nutrition formulas, containing peptides and medium chain triglycerides, can facilitate absorption in cases of malabsorption. There are few references to the use of enteral nutrition in the clinical society guidelines of patient management with oncology treatment-related diarrhea (OTRD). A bibliographic review of the studies with oligomeric enteral nutrition in OTRD found only nine studies with chemotherapy (all with the same oligomeric formula in which oral mucositis improves, while the rest of the outcomes show different results), and eight studies with radiotherapy (with different products and very heterogeneous results). We hereby present our action algorithm to supplement the diet of OTRD patients with an oligomeric enteral nutrition formula. The first step is the nutritional assessment, followed by the assessment of the functional capacity of the patient’s intestine. With these two aspects evaluated, the therapeutic possibilities available vary in degrees of complexity: These will range from the usual dietary recommendations, to supplementation with oral oligomeric enteral nutrition, along with complete enteral nutrition with oligomeric formula, and up to potentially total parenteral nutrition

Metodología para la determinación del desempeño ambiental neto de la generación hidroeléctrica

El desarrollo social y económico humano ha alcanzado tales niveles que la energía se ha convertido en un elemento indispensable del vivir diario. Desde la Revolución Industrial, la demanda y consumo energético de las sociedades en el mundo no ha dejado de aumentar, sobre todo de fuentes no renovables de energía. Dada la dependencia en recursos finitos, su contaminación e impacto en el clima global, el mundo mira hacia las energías renovables como alternativa, en la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad, a la par de que se procura mitigar el cambio climático y estabilizar el clima a futuro. En este marco, las energías renovables juegan un rol de vital importancia, siendo que sus tecnologías de aprovechamiento son vistas como parte importante de la solución. Entre esas fuentes, la energía proveniente del agua resalta, debido a sus grandes potenciales en el mundo, su madurez tecnológica y su alta eficiencia. Gracias a su temprano desarrollo tecnológico, la energía hidráulica ha liderado desde siempre las energías renovables. Aunque aprovechan recursos conceptualizados como ilimitados e inagotables, todas las tecnologías de aprovechamiento de fuentes renovables de energía están limitadas y condicionadas ya sea por la disponibilidad, eficacia y eficiencia en el aprovechamiento del recurso como por los impactos de diferentes índoles que éstas generan. En el marco ambiental-ecológico, el estado de arte evidencia y expone importantes avances en el análisis y evaluaciones en centrales hidroeléctricas. Sin embargo, el estado de arte también evidencia un vacío de conocimiento, ya que se desconoce cual es el desempeño neto ambiental de la generación hidroeléctrica, a pesar de la existencia de múltiples evaluaciones. En consecuencia, este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal proponer una metodología para la determinación del desempeño ambiental neto de la generación hidroeléctrica. Para ello, se consideraron como casos de estudios dos centrales hidroeléctricas, una de regulación con interposición (embalse), de 42 MW, y otra de agua fluyente con desviación, de 21 MW, localizadas en Ecuador. Con la finalidad de establecer la metodología, se consideraron dos evaluaciones: al análisis del ciclo de vida y la evaluación ecológica, ésta última a partir de los servicios de los ecosistemas. Con primer punto, se llevó a cabo el análisis del ciclo de vida en base a la norma ISO 14040. Ante el problema del cambio climático, se profundizó en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a través de un balance, a fin de conocer las emisiones netas de cada central hidroeléctrica. En particular, existen suficientes evidencias que confirman que los embalses hidroeléctricos son emisores principalmente de dióxido de carbono y sobre todo, de metano. En este marco, se determinó un procedimiento para estimar y proyectar las emisiones de dióxido de carbono y metano del embalse, a lo largo de la vida útil de la central hidroeléctrica en cuestión, lo que contribuyó en la realización del balance de emisiones. Por otra parte, dado el uso y consumo de recurso hídrico, dentro de este apartado también se analizó la huella hídrica de las centrales hidroeléctricas así como también el nexo agua-carbono. Como segundo punto, en el Capítulo IV de este trabajo se realizó la evaluación ecológica a partir de los servicios ecosistémicos, para lo cual se realizó una extensa revisión bibliográfica. En este contexto, se propuso un balance ecosistémico por medio de la valoración económica de los servicios ecosistémicos. Esta valoración se realizó aplicando los métodos correspondientes. De esta forma, la valoración en conjunto con el balance ecosistémico permitió valorar el desempeño de la energía hidráulica desde un enfoque diferente al análisis del ciclo de vida. Dadas las particularidades de la central hidroeléctrica con embalse, su diseño fue modificado con la finalidad de comparar con el caso original y tener una mayor compresión de la relación hidroenergía-ecosistemas. A ello se suma un análisis y determinación del coste ecológico de generación de dicha fuente de energía, basado en los resultados del balance ecosistémico señalado. Como parte central y objetivo de este trabajo, se llevó a cabo la integración y balance del análisis del ciclo de vida y la evaluación ecológica a fin de conocer es desempeño ambiental neto de la generación hidroeléctrica en un único resultado. Para ello, primero se hizo una revisión bibliográfica general sobre la integración de evaluaciones. A partir de esto, se establecieron dos posibles alternativas con sus respectivos procedimientos para la integración. Tras analizar factores y elementos inherentes a la integración tales como la doble contabilidad, las unidades, la biodiversidad, alcance de las evaluaciones, etc., se escogió y aplicó el procedimiento que mejor se ajustaba a la integración, dando lugar a un resultado único expresado en unidades monetarias. Por último, en el Capítulo VI se realizó un análisis y valoración de sostenibilidad de ambos casos hidroeléctricos en función de los múltiples indicadores obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de las evaluaciones y de la integración, los cuales se correlacionaron con los beneficios teóricos socioeconómicos determinados para cada proyecto. Como parte final de este capítulo, se expusieron lineamientos para las nuevas y futuras políticas hidroenergéticas, basadas en los resultados obtenidos. En síntesis, se concluye que la metodología propuesta permite abarcar todos los aspectos necesarios para determinar el desempeño neto ambiental hidroeléctrico. En este marco, el aprovechamiento de la energía hidráulica, a través de centrales hidroeléctricas, genera impactos importantes negativos ambientales-ecológicos, que en términos económicos, supera significativamente el coste de generación. De acuerdo a los resultados, la central hidroeléctrica de agua fluyente con desviación tiene un desempeño ambiental neto de -0,08 $/kWh mientras que la central de regulación con interposición (embalse) -0,96$/kWh, indicando claramente que la primera es más sostenible. En particular, la central con embalse no es efectiva en la mitigación contra el cambio climático, ya que a partir de transformación del ecosistema terrestre, elimina área de capacidad de absorción de carbono, creando a su vez una nueva fuente para la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. A ello se agrega que este esquema hidroeléctrico genera grandes pérdidas ecosistémicas con efectos importantes sobre la biodiversidad. Por lo tanto, de manera general no debe asumirse que las tecnologías de aprovechamiento de fuentes renovables de energía son sostenibles per se. A pesar de un mejor desempeño, la implementación de futuras centrales de agua fluyente con desviación deberá ser evaluada en base a múltiples indicadores biofísicos, en el marco de la sostenibilidad fuerte, con la finalidad de aprovechar esta fuente renovable de energía de manera más equilibrada. Finalmente, es necesario que las políticas hidroenergéticas estén orientadas hacia una ecología política, para así conservar y recuperar el patrimonio natural. <br /

Evaluation of global horizontal irradiance estimates from ERA5 and COSMO-REA6 reanalyses using ground and satellite-based data

This study examines the progress made by two new reanalyses in the estimation of surface irradiance: ERAS, the new global reanalysis from the ECMWF, and COSMO-REA6, the regional reanalysis from the DWD for Europe. Daily global horizontal irradiance data were evaluated with 41 BSRN stations worldwide, 294 stations in Europe, and two satellite-derived products (NSRDB and SARAH). ERAS achieves a moderate positive bias worldwide and in Europe of + 4.05 W/m 2 and + 4.54 W/m 2 respectively, which entails a reduction in the average bias ranging from 50% to 75% compared to ERA-Interim and MERRA-2. This makes ERAS comparable with satellite-derived products in terms of the mean bias in most inland stations, but ERAS results degrade in coastal areas and mountains. The bias of ERAS varies with the cloudiness, overestimating under cloudy conditions and slightly underestimating under clear-skies, which suggests a poor prediction of cloud patterns and leads to larger absolute errors than that of satellite-based products. In Europe, the regional COSMO-REA6 underestimates in most stations (MBE = -5.29 W/m(2)) showing the largest deviations under clear-sky conditions, which is most likely caused by the aerosol climatology used. Above 45 degrees N the magnitude of the bias and absolute error of COSMO-REA6 are similar to ERAS while it outperforms ERA5 in the coastal areas due to its high-resolution grid (6.2 km). We conclude that ERAS and COSMO-REA6 have reduced the gap between reanalysis and satellite-based data, but further development is required in the prediction of clouds while the spatial grid of ERAS (31 km) remains inadequate for places with high variability of surface irradiance (coasts and mountains). Satellite-based data should be still used when available, but having in mind their limitations, ERAS is a valid alternative for situations in which satellite-based data are missing (polar regions and gaps in times series) while COSMO-REA6 complements ERA5 in Central and Northern Europe mitigating the limitations of ERA5 in coastal areas.Peer reviewe

Quality control of global solar radiation data with satellite-based products

Several quality control (QC) procedures are available to detect errors in ground records of solar radiation, mainly range tests, model comparison and graphical analysis, but most of them are ineffective in detecting common problems that generate errors within the physical and statistical acceptance ranges. Herein, we present a novel QC method to detect small deviations from the real irradiance profile. The proposed method compares ground records with estimates from three independent radiation products, mainly satellite-based datasets, and flags periods of consecutive days where the daily deviation of the three products differs from the historical values for that time of the year and region. The confidence intervals of historical values are obtained using robust statistics and errors are subsequently detected with a window function that goes along the whole time series. The method is supplemented with a graphical analysis tool to ease the detection of false alarms. The proposed QC was validated in a dataset of 313 ground stations. Faulty records were detected in 31 stations, even though the dataset had passed the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) range tests. The graphical analysis tool facilitated the identification of the most likely causes of these errors, which were classified into operational errors (snow over the sensor, soiling, shading, time shifts, large errors) and equipment errors (miscalibration and sensor replacements), and it also eased the detection of false alarms (16 stations). These results prove that our QC method can overcome the limitations of existing QC tests by detecting common errors that create small deviations in the records and by providing a graphical analysis tool that facilitates and accelerates the inspection of flagged values.Peer reviewe

PANORAMA, DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES DO ICMS ECOLÓGICO NO BRASIL

Políticas públicas têm sido usadas em todo o mundo para promover o uso racional dos recursos naturais, incluindo instrumentos para compensação financeira. No Brasil, tem se destacado a lei do ICMS Ecológico, segundo a qual os estados repassam recursos para municípios que promovem ações socioambientais. Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar o nível de implementação do ICMS Ecológico no Brasil e discutir seus desafios e oportunidades. Foi verificado que critérios socioambientais têm participação média nacional de 12% no repasse total de ICMS dos estados para os municípios, de um máximo permitido de 25%, conforme previsto na Constituição Federal. Portanto, existe muita abertura para expandir o uso de critérios ecológicos já existentes em diferentes estados brasileiros, bem como para a criação de novos. Os estados podem formular seus próprios critérios, tendo em vista as suas peculiaridades e suas metas em questões ambientais

Machine Learning-Based Approach Highlights the Use of a Genomic Variant Profile for Precision Medicine in Ovarian Failure

Ovarian failure (OF) is a common cause of infertility usually diagnosed as idiopathic, with genetic causes accounting for 10-25% of cases. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) may enable identifying contributing genes and variant profiles to stratify the population into subtypes of OF. This study sought to identify a blood-based gene variant profile using accumulation of rare variants to promote precision medicine in fertility preservation programs. A case-control (n = 118, n = 32, respectively) WES study was performed in which only non-synonymous rare variants <5% minor allele frequency (MAF; in the IGSR) and coverage ≥ 100× were considered. A profile of 66 variants of uncertain significance was used for training an unsupervised machine learning model to separate cases from controls (97.2% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity) and stratify the population into two subtypes of OF (A and B) (93.31% sensitivity, 96.67% specificity). Model testing within the IGSR female population predicted 0.5% of women as subtype A and 2.4% as subtype B. This is the first study linking OF to the accumulation of rare variants and generates a new potential taxonomy supporting application of this approach for precision medicine in fertility preservation

Proposition of incentive criteria for renewable energy and energy efficiency for the Ecological ICMS laws in Brazil

The objective of this study was to formulate a criterion to encourage renewable energy and energy efficiency to compose the Ecological ICMS laws in Brazil. The proposition was carried out observing the energy potential existing in the country and the methods of calculating the distribution of resources used in the current Ecological ICMS laws. An energy criteria composed of ten sub-criteria was formulated: small hydroelectric plants; photovoltaic solar energy; wind energy; biomass thermoelectric plants; ethanol fuel; solar thermal energy; qualified cogeneration; energy efficiency certification of buildings; building codes with energy efficiency guidelines; and municipal energy conservation policy. Among the potential economic and socio-environmental impacts of this initiative, it can be mentioned: increased independence and diversification of the national energy matrix; creation of jobs and income from the distributed generation segment; and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the Brazilian energy sector.O objetivo deste trabalho foi formular um critério de incentivo à energia renovável e eficiência energética para compor as leis de ICMS Ecológico no Brasil. A proposição foi realizada observando-se os potenciais energéticos existentes no país e os métodos de cálculo de distribuição de recursos empregados nas leis de ICMS Ecológico vigentes. Foi formulado um critério energético composto por dez subcritérios: pequenas centrais hidrelétricas; energia solar fotovoltaica; energia eólica; termelétricas à biomassa; etanol combustível; energia solar térmica; cogeração qualificada; certificação de eficiência energética de edifícios; código de obras com diretrizes de eficiência energética; e política municipal de conservação de energia. Entre os potenciais impactos econômicos e socioambientais desta iniciativa pode-se citar: aumento da independência e diversificação da matriz energética nacional; criação de emprego e renda advindos do segmento de geração distribuída; e redução das emissões de gases causadores do efeito estufa provenientes do setor energético brasileiro

A genome-wide analysis of copy number variation in Murciano-Granadina goats

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de CatalunyaBackground: In this work, our aim was to generate a map of the copy number variations (CNV) segregating in a population of Murciano-Granadina goats, the most important dairy breed in Spain, and to ascertain the main biological functions of the genes that map to copy number variable regions. Results: Using a dataset that comprised 1036 Murciano-Granadina goats genotyped with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip, we were able to detect 4617 and 7750 autosomal CNV with the PennCNV and QuantiSNP software, respectively. By applying the EnsembleCNV algorithm, these CNV were assembled into 1461 CNV regions (CNVR), of which 486 (33.3% of the total CNVR count) were consistently called by PennCNV and QuantiSNP and used in subsequent analyses. In this set of 486 CNVR, we identified 78 gain, 353 loss and 55 gain/loss events. The total length of all the CNVR (95.69 Mb) represented 3.9% of the goat autosomal genome (2466.19 Mb), whereas their size ranged from 2.0 kb to 11.1 Mb, with an average size of 196.89 kb. Functional annotation of the genes that overlapped with the CNVR revealed an enrichment of pathways related with olfactory transduction (fold-enrichment = 2.33, q-value = 1.61 × 10-10), ABC transporters (fold-enrichment = 5.27, q-value = 4.27 × 10-04) and bile secretion (fold-enrichment = 3.90, q-value = 5.70 × 10-03). Conclusions: A previous study reported that the average number of CNVR per goat breed was ~ 20 (978 CNVR/50 breeds), which is much smaller than the number we found here (486 CNVR). We attribute this difference to the fact that the previous study included multiple caprine breeds that were represented by small to moderate numbers of individuals. Given the low frequencies of CNV (in our study, the average frequency of CNV is 1.44%), such a design would probably underestimate the levels of the diversity of CNV at the within-breed level. We also observed that functions related with sensory perception, metabolism and embryo development are overrepresented in the set of genes that overlapped with CNV, and that these loci often belong to large multigene families with tens, hundreds or thousands of paralogous members, a feature that could favor the occurrence of duplications or deletions by non-allelic homologous recombination