Efficacy of Different Pet Treat Formulations to Prevent Infestation by the Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae

The pet food industry is a major part of the high-value processed food market in the USA and worldwide. Pest control associated with pet foods is an important activity. The mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a prolific cosmopolitan species that can infests high-value pet treats undetected until the infestations increase to very large numbers. Propylene glycol is a food-safe additive used to prevent mite infestations (Zhang et al., 2018; Abbar et al. 2015). Unfortunately, propylene glycol in certain foods can harm pets, and many companies are changing formulations. Here we conducted forced infestation of mites on three experimental pet treats and compared these to the current product that contains propylene glycol for susceptibility to mite infestation. We confirmed that the current product with propylene glycol did not support any mite population growth after a forced infestation with 20 mites. Two of the test formulations showed promise in preventing mite infestation, but one formulation was clearly susceptible to mites

Human Trafficking: Canadian Government Policy and Practice

A recent study undertaken by the authors (Oxman-Martinez and Martinez 2000) examined the Canadian government’s response to the traffic of human beings. Information from twenty-one government and ngo informants and a thorough review of state agency policies and international conventions revealed that trafficking and refugee movements have many links. The question raised by the Metropolis Project—Is clandestine entry to Canada a crime or a new form of migration?—is important, given that trafficking may be the only option available to legitimate refugees waiting to escape dangerous or oppressive situations. Rather than seeking to ease the migration of refugees or addressing the structural causes of trafficking or its social implications, however, Canada’s response is focused on the prevention of “irregular movements” (through immigration and border control) and prosecution of the few traffickers successfully apprehended. Preliminary evidence suggests that border control will fail to adequately address the exploitation of women, children, and men—often refugees— within our frontiers. The temporarily defunct Bill c- 31 (with its measures to control the borders and restrict immigration) threatens the rights of refugees while doing little to prevent human trafficking, protect its victims, or prosecute those who profit from trafficking.Une étude récente faite par les auteurs (Oxman-Martinez et Martinez 2000) s’est penchée sur la réaction du gouvernement canadien au trafic de personnes. Des informations reçues de 21 informateurs se trouvant au gouvernement et dans des ong, ainsi qu’un réexamen en profondeur des politiques suivies par les agences gouvernementales et des conventions internationales ont révélé qu’il existait des liens multiples entre le flot de réfugiés et le trafic de personnes. La question posée par le Projet Metropolis, c.à-d. « L’entrée clandestine au Canada est-elle un crime ou une nouvelle forme de migration ? » est importante, étant donné que le trafic est possiblement l’une des seules options dont disposent les réfugiés légitimes désirant fuir des situations dangereuses ou abusives. Cependant, au lieu d’essayer d’atténuer le flot de réfugiés ou de s’attaquer aux causes structurelles du trafic ou à ses implications sociales, la réaction du Canada est consacrée à empêcher les « déplacements irréguliers » (contrôle de l’immigration et contrôle aux frontières), et la poursuite en justice des rares trafiquants qu’on arrive à appréhender. Des indications préliminaires suggèrent que le contrôle aux frontières ne parviendra pas à s’attaquer de façon satisfaisante au problème que constitue l’exploitation, à l’intérieur même de nos frontières, de femmes, d’enfants et d’hommes qui sont souvent des réfugiés. Le projet de loi c-31 — temporairement défunt — avec ses mesures pour contrôler nos frontières et limiter l’immigration, menace les droits des réfugiés, sans pour autant faire beaucoup pour empêcher le trafic humain, protéger ses victimes ou traduire en justice ceux qui en profitent

Abus sexuels et négligence : mêmes causes, mêmes effets, même traitement?

Les problématiques de Tabus sexuel et de la négligence sont rarement mises en parallèle par les chercheurs ou les praticiens. À l'aide d'une revue de la documentation ainsi que d'une analyse préliminaire de données recueillies lors de deux enquêtes, l'article propose une comparaison de ces deux situations. En bref, il apparaît que l'abus sexuel et la négligence ne différent pas fondamentalement lorsqu'il s'agit d'établir l'état de santé des victimes au moment de l'évaluation et de l'orientation et de choisir un type d'intervention psychosociale. Les recherches s'attardent cependant à des facteurs de risque très différents lors de l'analyse de l'environnement familial et des caractéristiques des acteurs impliqués.The issues surrounding sexual abuse and negligence are rarely examined in parallel by researchers and social workers. Based on a review of relevant literature and on a preliminary analysis of data collected during two surveys, the authors present in this article a comparison of these two subjects. In short, sexual abuse and negligence do not seem to differ fundamentally when it is a matter of establishing the state of health of victims once under the care of authorities and of choosing a type of psychosocial intervention. However, the researchers do look closely at very different risk factors when analyzing the family environment and the characteristics of the actors involved

Implementation and Outcomes of the New York State YMCA Diabetes Prevention Program: A Multisite Community-Based Translation, 20102012

Weight loss and physical activity achieved through the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) have been shown to reduce type 2 diabetes risk among individuals with prediabetes. The New York State Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) delivered the 16-week evidence-based model at 14 YMCAs. A mixed methods process and outcomes evaluation was conducted

Assessing Individual Differences in Adaptation to Extreme Environments: A 36-Hour Sleep Deprivation Study

In space, astronauts may experience effects of cumulative sleep loss due to demanding work schedules that can result in cognitive performance impairments, mood state deteriorations, and sleep-wake cycle disruption. Individuals who experience sleep deprivation of six hours beyond normal sleep times experience detrimental changes in their mood and performance states. Hence, the potential for life threatening errors increases exponentially with sleep deprivation. We explored the effects of 36-hours of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, mood states, and physiological responses to identify which metrics may best predict fatigue induced performance decrements of individuals

The Federation of Indian Organizations of the Negro River's journey for traditional land demarcation in Brazil

The article aims to present the fight for government recognition of indigenous collective rights to land ownership in the Upper Rio Negro region in Brazil. It contextualizes the historical aspects of the colonization process in the region and the efforts to create the Federation of Indian Organizations of the Negro River (FOIRN). Focus of particular interest is how the organizational strategy adopted by the FOIRN has allowed the Indian population of the Upper Rio Negro to active participate in the land demarcation process, with their opinions heard and respected. The article was written with basis on information obtained from a varietyof sources, such as documents, conversations and interviews with the main social actors involved in the area, carried out during a field visit to São Gabriel da Cachoeira in January 2010.El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la lucha por el reconocimiento gubernamental de los derechos colectivos indígenas de la propiedad de la tierra en la región del Alto Río Negro en Brasil. Se contextualizan los aspectos históricos del proceso de colonización de la región y los esfuerzos para crear la Federación de Organizaciones Indígenas del Río Negro (FOIRN). El foco de interés particular es cómo la estrategia de organización adoptada por la FOIRN ha permitido a la población indígena del Alto Río Negro participar activamente en el proceso de demarcación de tierras, escuchando y respetando sus opiniones. El artículo fue escrito con base en informaciones obtenidas de diversas fuentes, tales como documentos, conversaciones y entrevistas con los principales actores sociales involucrados en el área, llevadas a cabo durante una visita a São Gabriel da Cachoeira, en enero de 2010

Cambio climático: efectos y acciones de cooperación en las pequeñas islas del Caribe / Climate Change: Effects and Cooperation Actions in the Small Islands of the Caribbean

El artículo examina las consecuencias negativas que el cambio climático provoca en los pequeños Estados insulares caribeños y algunas de las iniciativas implementadas, a nivel regional y en el marco de la cooperación, para enfrentar estos impactos en aras de avanzar en la acción climática en el Caribe. El énfasis del análisis se enfoca en las acciones coordinadas por la Comunidad del Caribe (Caricom) y la Asociación de Estados del Caribe (AEC), así como en aquellos proyectos en los que Cuba ha participado como actor fundamental para la cooperación en acción climática. El artículo finaliza con una evaluación general de la cooperación en cambio climático en la región y de los factores a considerar para su impulso, en el propósito de avanzar juntos hacia un desarrollo sostenible en los Pequeños Estados Insulares en Desarrollo (PEID) del Caribe. The article examines the negative consequences of climate change on small Caribbean island states and some of the initiatives implemented at the regional level and within the framework of cooperation to address these impacts in order to advance climate action in the Caribbean. The focus of the analysis focuses on actions coordinated by the Caribbean Community (Caricom) and the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), as well as those projects in which Cuba has participated as a key player in climate action cooperation. The article concludes with a general assessment of climate change cooperation in the region and the factors to be considered for its momentum in order to move forward towards sustainable development in the Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

Corrosion studies of different ferrous alloys for rolling cylinders

peer reviewedThe aim of this work is to study the corrosion behaviour in chloride media of a high chromium iron alloy. The influence of the surface finishing as well as the heat treatment was analysed. The technique employed for measuring the corrosion behaviour was the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, an electrochemical technique that allows the observation not only of the corrosion rates but also the changes on the corrosion mechanism of the alloy. The results showed that it is worth performing a double tempering and a having smoother surface finishing only for long exposure periods. A comparison between different oxidising conditions was also performed simulating the life in service of the hot rolling cylinders and revealed an increase in the protective properties as the oxidising time increased due to the chromium present on the alloy (18%). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Politics of Immigrant Rights: Between Political Geography and Transnational Interventions

Article published in the Michigan State Law Review