Individual differences in children’s early strategy behavior in arithmetic tasks

As demonstrated by the Overlapping Waves Model (Siegler, 1996), children’s strategy use in arithmetic tasks is variable, adaptive, and changes gradually with age and experience. In this study, first grade elementary school children (n = 73), who scored high, middle, or low in a standardized scholastic mathematic achievement test, were confronted with different arithmetic tasks (simple addition, e.g., 3 + 2, simple subtraction, e.g., 7 – 2, and more advanced addition, e.g., 7 + 9) to evoke different calculation strategies. Video analysis and children’s self-report were used to identify individual strategy behavior. In accordance with the Overlapping Waves Model, children in all achievement groups showed variable and multiple strategy usage and adapted their behavior to the tasks of the different categories. We demonstrated that not only low achievers differed from normal achievers but also that high achievers exhibited a unique pattern of strategy behavior in early mathematics

Externally heated protostellar cores in the Ophiuchus star-forming region

We present APEX 218 GHz observations of molecular emission in a complete sample of embedded protostars in the Ophiuchus star-forming region. To study the physical properties of the cores, we calculate H$_2$CO and c-C$_3$H$_2$ rotational temperatures, both of which are good tracers of the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas. We find that the H$_2$CO temperatures range between 16 K and 124 K, with the highest H$_2$CO temperatures toward the hot corino source IRAS 16293-2422 (69-124 K) and the sources in the $\rho$ Oph A cloud (23-49 K) located close to the luminous Herbig Be star S 1, which externally irradiates the $\rho$ Oph A cores. On the other hand, the c-C$_3$H$_2$ rotational temperature is consistently low (7-17 K) in all sources. Our results indicate that the c-C$_3$H$_2$ emission is primarily tracing more shielded parts of the envelope whereas the H$_2$CO emission (at the angular scale of the APEX beam; 3600 au in Ophiuchus) mainly traces the outer irradiated envelopes, apart from in IRAS 16293-2422, where the hot corino emission dominates. In some sources, a secondary velocity component is also seen, possibly tracing the molecular outflow.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Hematology reference intervals in 6-12-year-old children: the health-oriented pedagogical project (HOPP)

Reference intervals are essential for correct interpretation of laboratory test results, supporting clinicians in distinguishing between healthy and sick individuals. The present study aims to establish pediatric reference intervals for hematological parameters based on a large population of healthy schoolchildren. Blood samples were obtained from 1351 children 6–12 years of age participating in the Health-Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP). Reference intervals for hematological parameters were estimated by the nonparametric method following the CLSI C28-A3 guidelines. Reference intervals were estimated as 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles with corresponding 90% confidence intervals. While hematocrit and MCV required age and sex partitioning, hemoglobin and erythrocytes were partitioned for age. The remaining parameters, MCH, MCHC, platelets and white blood cell counts did not require partitioning. While red blood cell parameters exhibited an increasing trend with age, there was a slight decrease in leukocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and platelets with age. The remaining parameters were stable across our age span.publishedVersio

Hematology reference intervals in 6-12-year-old children: the health-oriented pedagogical project (HOPP)

Reference intervals are essential for correct interpretation of laboratory test results, supporting clinicians in distinguishing between healthy and sick individuals. The present study aims to establish pediatric reference intervals for hematological parameters based on a large population of healthy schoolchildren. Blood samples were obtained from 1351 children 6–12 years of age participating in the Health-Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP). Reference intervals for hematological parameters were estimated by the nonparametric method following the CLSI C28-A3 guidelines. Reference intervals were estimated as 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles with corresponding 90% confidence intervals. While hematocrit and MCV required age and sex partitioning, hemoglobin and erythrocytes were partitioned for age. The remaining parameters, MCH, MCHC, platelets and white blood cell counts did not require partitioning. While red blood cell parameters exhibited an increasing trend with age, there was a slight decrease in leukocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and platelets with age. The remaining parameters were stable across our age span.publishedVersio

An Evaluation of Columbia Villa/Tamaracks Community Service Intervention Project

The Community Service Intervention Program (CSlP) is a unique public agency response to a multifaceted set of problems confronting low income residents living in Oregon \u27s largest public housing project. The primary goals of the CSIP are to reduce crime, reduce the fear of crime among residents, and to improve the quality of life of the families living in Columbia Villa/Tamaracks. The evaluation of the CSIP combined a number of different research methods, on different analytical levels, to provide a summary assessment. Data were collected from individuals, from agencies, and from police records in a post facto analysis of the CSIP. Recommendations include: a higher profile by the County to coordinate, plan, manage, and evaluate services according to a set of carefully chosen set of objectives; a longitudinal evaluation of CSIP efforts; greater involvement by Columbia Villa/Tamaracks residents; greater job opportunities and job training for Columbia Villa/Tamaracks residents; additional participation in the CSIP by the Fire Department, Tri-Met, Metro (Solid Waste), and DEQ

Kan ytmodeller och punktmoln från stereomatchade flygbilder användas för att prediktera trädhöjd vid skogskanter?

Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om stereomatchade flygbilder kan ersätta dyr helikopterbaserad laserskanning, i arbetet att längs kraftledningsgator identifiera enskilda träd som riskerar att på något sätt skada ledningarna. Möjligheten att använda Lantmäteriets färdiga flygbilder skulle kunna leda till minskade kostnader för inventering. I studien bearbetade vi data från området Remningstorp som under år 2014 både har flygfotograferats och laserskannats med hög punkttäthet. Vi identifierade träd utifrån ytmodeller baserade på flygfoton respektive laserskanning med hjälp av ett segmenteringsverktyg, för att utifrån dessa träd använda två metoder för höjdskattning. Laserskanning antogs vara facit. I metod 1 extraherades höjdvärden för enskilda träd utifrån rasterbilder, i metod 2 användes istället punktmoln. Fler träd identifierades i ytmodellen baserad på laserskanningen, 1145 träd över 15 meter identifierades medan 1024 träd identifierades utifrån fotogrammetriska ytmodellen. Korrelationen mellan laserskanning och flygfoto blev för metod 1: 0,62, medan metod 2 hade en korrelation på 0,97. Determinationskoefficienten blev för metod 1: 38,4 % medan det för metod 2 blev det högre värdet av 94,2 %. I termer av Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) och relativt RMSE gav metod 1 värden på 2,898 meter och 14,21 % medan det för metod 2 blev 0,752 meter och 3,45 %. Metod 2 genererade bättre resultat än metod 1 och vi bedömer att det finns potential att vidareutveckla metoden för att i framtiden kunna använda den för att identifiera enskilda träd. Vi bedömer att stereomatchade flygbilder har potential att vara likvärdiga med laserskanning för identifiering och skattning av enskilda träds höjd.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether stereo matched aerial photos can replace expensive helicopter based lasers canning in detecting individual trees which could possibly damage power lines. The possibility to use Lantmäteriets aerial images could lead to decreased costs for inventory. In this study we processed data from Remningstorp that has been both air-photographed and laser scanned with a high point density. We identified trees from surface models based upon the aerial images and laser scanning, by using a segmenting tool. Two methods for estimating height on these trees were used. We chose to use the estimates from the laser scanning as the true height values. In method 1, the individual height values were extracted from rasters; point clouds were used for method 2. More trees were identified from the surface model based upon laser scanning, 1145 trees over 15 meters, than in the surface model based upon aerial images, 1024 trees. The correlation was 0,62 respectively 0.97 for method 1 and 2. Coefficient of determination was 38.4 % for method 1, while method 2 had a value of 94.2 %. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and relative RMSE was 2.898 meters and 14.21 % for method 1 and 0.752 meters and 3.45 % for method 2. Method 2 generated better results compared to method 1 and based on this, we think there is potential to further develop this method and in the future use it to identify and estimate individual trees and their height. We therefore assess that stereo matched aerial images have the potential to be equivalent to laser scanning in identifying individual trees and for estimating their height

Efecto de tres bioestimulantes sobre la producción de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp), diagnóstico y servicios realizados en área de campo Ingenio Magdalena, administración El Chaparral, Escuintla, Guatemala, C.A.

La investigación se realizó en el Ingenio Magdalena, Escuintla, Guatemala. El Ingenio Magdalena es uno de los máximos productores de caña de azúcar en Guatemala, por eso es fundamental la condición de sus fincas en la actualidad, para saber si están realizando bien sus conocimientos en el campo, en el capítulo I está integrado por el diagnóstico en donde se reconocieron las fincas que tiene a cargo la administración, sus labores y como lo ejecuta su personal, mediante el diagnóstico fue la base principal y el punto de partida para lograr entender cómo funcionan las fincas, así como la agroindustria azucarera. Una vez conociendo de una forma más profunda las fincas se hizo más fácil los procesos y la línea de trabajo con la cual se trabajó durante toda la investigación. El capítulo II, abarca la realización del trabajo de investigación, el cual consistió en el efecto de tres bioestimulantes sobre la producción de caña de azúcar (saccharum spp), una de las partes más esenciales para la producción de azúcar lo constituye el tallo ya que en éste se acumula un jugo rico en sacarosa, con el uso de diferentes bioestimulantes (Radix 35%+TB, Regnum 25 EC y Algamar Plus), sustancias que promueven el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, mejorando su metabolismo, haciéndola más resistente a condiciones adversas, estrés (abiótico y biótico), plagas o enfermedades. El capituló III está enfocado en la realización de los servicios prestados al área de malezas. Estos servicios fueron distribuidos en muestreos en los lotes de la finca La Llave de la zona tres de la administración el Chaparral, Escuintla del Ingenio Magdalena. Dichos servicios fueron de utilidad para mejorar y apoyar las labores realizadas

Revisorers syn på K2 och K3 - Regelverkens påverkan på revisionen

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda hur revisionsprocessen påverkas av redovisningsregelverken K2 och K3. Mer specifikt vill vi undersöka om bedömningen av risk och väsentlighet skiljer sig eftersom regelverken kategoriseras som regel- respektive principbaserade. Metod: Vi använder oss av ett induktivt förhållningssätt till teorin samt en kvalitativ undersökningsdesign. Teori: Teorin tar avstamp från forskningen kring princip- och regelbaserad redovisning och dess effekter. Här studeras även hur revisorn påverkas av regelverken i sin roll som granskare. Empiri: Empirin har samlats in via semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer med revisorer i byråer med varierande storlek. Antalet personer som intervjuades uppgick till sex personer. Slutsatser: Studien visar att både revisionsprocessen och bedömning av risk- och väsentlighet i praktiken inte kommer att skilja sig med endast redovisningsregelverk som grund. Det råder en viss konsensus bland respondenterna att K3 kommer att innebära en mer omfattande revision men att det är företaget som påverkar och inte valet av redovisningsregelverk. Dock kan vi teoretiskt se en viss skillnad i fråga om väsentlighetsbedömning. Årsredovisningar, vilka delvis används som beslutsunderlag för väsentlighet, kommer på grund av redovisningsmässiga skillnader påverka väsentlighetsnivån och i förlängningen revisionen

A novel familial mutation in the PCSK1 gene that alters the oxyanion hole residue of proprotein convertase 1/3 and impairs its enzymatic activity.

Four siblings presented with congenital diarrhea and various endocrinopathies. Exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping identified five regions, comprising 337 protein-coding genes that were shared by three affected siblings. Exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous N309K mutation in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene, encoding the neuroendocrine convertase 1 precursor (PC1/3) which was recently reported as a cause of Congenital Diarrhea Disorder (CDD). The PCSK1 mutation affected the oxyanion hole transition state-stabilizing amino acid within the active site, which is critical for appropriate proprotein maturation and enzyme activity. Unexpectedly, the N309K mutant protein exhibited normal, though slowed, prodomain removal and was secreted from both HEK293 and Neuro2A cells. However, the secreted enzyme showed no catalytic activity, and was not processed into the 66 kDa form. We conclude that the N309K enzyme is able to cleave its own propeptide but is catalytically inert against in trans substrates, and that this variant accounts for the enteric and systemic endocrinopathies seen in this large consanguineous kindred