Risk factors for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and sensitisation to Aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis

An increasing incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) as a complication in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is reported. The objective of this retrospective case-control study was to assess potential risk factors for ABPA and for Aspergillus fumigatus sensitisation (AFS). In a group of 160 CF patients, 11 (7%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ABPA and 20 (13%) had evidence of AFS. They were compared to 62 control CF patients (25 for ABPA and 37 for AFS group) without evidence of ABPA or AFS using extended matching for sex, age and weight. AFS patients had received significantly higher cumulative doses of inhaled corticosteroids than their respective controls (OR 8.0; 95% CI 1.74-63). Bronchial colonisation with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was strongly and independently associated with ABPA (OR 20; 95% CI 2.8- infinity). A longer duration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation was independently associated with AFS (OR per year 1.50; 95% CI 1.12- infinity). Conclusion: Cystic fibrosis patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis have a more frequent isolation of S. maltophilia in their sputum than their controls. Longer duration of colonisation with P. aeruginosa is a risk factor for Aspergillus fumigatus sensitisation. Higher cumulative doses of inhaled corticosteroids are associated with Aspergillus fumigatus sensitisation and their role as a risk factor needs to be clarifie

28 GHz 5G Radio over Fiber using UF-OFDM with Optical Heterodyning

A 5G millimeter-wave radio over fibre optical fronthaul system based on optical heterodyning, utilising an externally injected gain switched distributed feedback laser, is successfully demonstrated. Five bands of UF-OFDM are transmitted over 25 km of fibre and a 28 GHz Vivaldi Antenna wireless link. Transmission performance below the 7% FEC limit is achieved with an aggregate total data rate of 4.56 Gb/s

Compensation methods to support cooperative applications: A case study in automated verification of schema requirements for an advanced transaction model

Compensation plays an important role in advanced transaction models, cooperative work and workflow systems. A schema designer is typically required to supply for each transaction another transaction to semantically undo the effects of . Little attention has been paid to the verification of the desirable properties of such operations, however. This paper demonstrates the use of a higher-order logic theorem prover for verifying that compensating transactions return a database to its original state. It is shown how an OODB schema is translated to the language of the theorem prover so that proofs can be performed on the compensating transactions

Rigidity of conformal functionals on spheres

In this paper we investigate the nature of stationary points of functionals on the space of Riemannian metrics on a smooth compact manifold. Special cases are spectral invariants associated with Laplace or Dirac operators such as functional determinants, and the total Q-curvature. When the functional is invariant under conformal changes of the metric, and the manifold is the standard n-sphere, we apply methods from representation theory to give a universal form of the Hessian of the functional at a stationary point. This reveals a very strong rigidity in the local structure of any such functional. As a corollary this gives a new proof of the results of K. Okikiolu (Ann. Math., 2001) on local maxima and minima for the determinant of the conformal Laplacian, and we obtain results of the same type in general examples.Comment: 29 page

Sub-nanomolar detection of Cesium with water-gated transistor

Caesium (Cs + ) cations are rare in nature but the β - active radioisotope 137 Cs can be released in nuclear incidents and find its way into the water supply, where it is harmful to humans and animals drinking it. We here report a water-gated thin film transistor (WGTFT) which allows the detection of Cs + in drinking water at very low concentrations. The transistor channel is formed from spray pyrolysed tin dioxide, SnO 2 which gives WGTFTs with near- zero initial threshold. When the WGTFT is sensitised with a plasticised PVC membrane containing the Cs + - selective zeolite ‘mordenite’, it displays a threshold shift when exposed to drinking water samples carrying traces of Cs + . The response characteristic is given by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm instead of the NikolskyEisenman law commonly found for ion- sensitive WGTFTs sensitised with organic ionophores. We find a complex stability constant K = (3.9 +/- 0.4) x 10 9 L / mole and a limit-of detection (LoD) of 33 pM. Our LoD is far lower than the Cs + potability limit of 7.5 nM, which cannot be met by organicsensitised membranes where LoD is typically in the order of 100 nM or more

Insights into aphid prey consumption by ladybirds: Optimising field sampling methods and primer design for High Throughput Sequencing

Elucidating the diets of insect predators is important in basic and applied ecology, such as for improving the effectiveness of conservation biological control measures to promote natural enemies of crop pests. Here, we investigated the aphid diet of two common aphid predators in Central European agroecosystems, the native Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) and the invasive Harmonia axyridis (Pallas; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by means of high throughput sequencing (HTS). For acquiring insights into diets of mobile flying insects at landscape scale minimizing trapping bias is important, which imposes methodological challenges for HTS. We therefore assessed the suitability of three field sampling methods (sticky traps, pan traps and hand-collection) as well as new aphid primers for identifying aphid prey consumption by coccinellids through HTS. The new aphid primers facilitate identification to species level in 75% of the European aphid genera investigated. Aphid primer specificity was high in silico and in vitro but low in environmental samples with the methods used, although this could be improved in future studies. For insect trapping we conclude that sticky traps are a suitable method in terms of minimizing sampling bias, contamination risk and trapping success, but compromise on DNA-recovery rate. The aphid diets of both field-captured ladybird species were dominated by Microlophium carnosum, the common nettle aphid. Another common prey was Sitobion avenae (cereal aphid), which got more often detected in C. septempunctata compared to H. axyridis. Around one third of the recovered aphid taxa were common crop pests. We conclude that sampling methodologies need constant revision but that our improved aphid primers offer currently one of the best solutions for broad screenings of coccinellid predation on aphids

Follow-up of CRT-D patients downgraded to CRT-P at the time of generator exchange

Background: Some patients with cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) experience super-response (LVEF improvements to ≥50%). At generator exchange (GE), downgrading (DG) from CRT-defibrillator (CRT-D) to CRT-pacemaker (CRT-P) could be an option for these patients on primary prevention ICD indication and no required ICD therapies. Long-term data on arrhythmic events in super-responders is scarce. Methods: CRT-D patients with LVEF improvement to ≥50% at GE were identified in four large centres for retrospective analysis. Mortality, significant ventricular tachyarrhythmia and appropriate ICD-therapy were determined, and patient analysis was split into two groups (downgraded to CRT-P or not). Results: Sixty-six patients (53% male, 26% coronary artery disease) on primary prevention were followed for a median of 129 months [IQR: 101–155] after implantation. 27 (41%) patients were downgraded to CRT-P at GE after a median of 68 [IQR: 58–98] months (LVEF 54% ± 4%). The other 39 (59%) continued with CRT-D therapy (LVEF 52% ± 6%). No cardiac death or significant arrhythmia occurred in the CRT-P group (median follow-up (FU) 38 months [IQR: 29–53]). Three appropriate ICD-therapies occurred in the CRT-D group [median FU 70 months (IQR: 39–97)]. Annualized event-rates after DG/GE were 1.5%/year and 1.0%/year in the CRT-D group and the whole cohort, respectively. Conclusions: No significant tachyarrhythmia were detected in the patients downgraded to CRT-P during follow-up. However, three events were observed in the CRT-D group. Whilst downgrading CRT-D patients is an option, a small residual risk for arrhythmic events remains and decisions regarding downgrade should be made on a case-by-case basis.</p

„stercus ex latrinis" - Die unappetitliche Nachnutzung von Schacht MR6/MR 32 in der Region 17C der Unterstadt von Augusta Raurica

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Ergebnisse der interdisziplinären Auswertung der Verfüllung von Schacht MR 6/MR 32 vorgestellt, der anlässlich der Lehrgrabung «Kaiseraugst-Auf der Wacht» (2011–2013. 001) in der westlichen Unterstadt von Augusta Raurica (Region 17C) entdeckt wurde. Der rund 4,2 m tiefe, trocken gemauerte Schacht MR 6/MR 32, dessen primäre Verwendung (cella promptuaria? fossa nivalis?) nicht hinreichend geklärt ist, wurde wahrscheinlich in flavischer Zeit errichtet und bereits zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts wieder aufgegeben und verfüllt (vgl. Schneider/Schwarz 2017 [in diesem Band]). Die archäologischen und mikromorphologischen Analysen haben gezeigt, dass es sich bei den unteren Füllschichten (Schichtpaket A) unter anderem um stercus, also um Fäkalien handelt, die wahrscheinlich in kurzem zeitlichem Abstand nacheinander eingebracht worden sind. Die Latrinensedimente sind nicht in situ entstanden, sondern stam-men aus ausgeschöpften Latrinengruben, die sich vermutlich in der näheren Umgebung von Schacht MR 6/MR 32 befanden. Zu einem geringeren Teil fanden sich in Schichtpaket A auch gewöhnliche Haus-haltabfälle, wobei ungeklärt bleibt, ob sich darin separate Entsorgungsvorgänge widerspiegeln oder ob diese zusammen mit den Latrinensedimenten in den Schacht gelangt sind. Das Fundmaterial aus den unteren Füllschichten (Ensemble A) datiert nach Aussage der Keramik, der Kleinfunde sowie der Fundmünzen in die Zeit zwischen 70/80 und 120/140 n. Chr. Ensemble A um-fasst folglich Fundmaterial, das während der ersten (ältesten) zivilen Siedlungsphase der Unterstadt von Augusta Raurica in der Region 17C in den Boden gekommen ist. Wichtigstes Ergebnis ist die Feststellung, dass sich die von der älteren Forschung vertretene Unterscheidung in eine «reiche» Oberstadtund eine «arme» Unterstadt im archäo(bio)logischen Fundmaterial aus Schacht MR 6/MR 32 nicht widerspiegelt. Im Gegenteil: Die Analyse des keramischen Fundmaterials, der Klein- und Grosstierknochen sowie der botanischen Makroreste hat gezeigt, dass die in der Umgebung von Schacht MR 6/MR 32 lebende Bevölkerung weitgehend romanisiert war und sich auch relativ vielseitig ernährt hat. Für eine gehobene Ernährung sprechen unter anderem die hohen Anteile von Schwein und Huhn bzw. von Jungtieren sowie die nachgewiesenen Fischarten und die botanischen Makroreste. Unter letztgenannten fanden sich zahlreiche in Augusta Raurica auch sonst belegte Gemüse-, Obst- und Gewürzarten. Besonders hervorzuheben sind im vorliegenden Fall die eher seltenen Nachweise von Gurke, Gartenkresse und Schwarzkümmel. Dass zwei «klassische Luxusindikatoren» – Austern und Mittelmeermakrelen – in Ensemble A fehlen, ist zwar erstaunlich, spricht aber nicht gegen eine Interpretation der Latrinensedimente als Relikte einer sozial gut gestellten Bevölkerung. Konkrete und weiterführende Hinweise zum Gesundheitszustand der in der Region 17C lebenden Bevölkerung lieferte eine aus Schichtpaket A entnommene Sedimentprobe. Darin fanden sich zahlreiche Eier sowohl des Peitschen- als auch des Spulwurms; diese Würmer verursachen unter anderem chronische Durchfallerkrankungen, die in der römischen Epoche weit verbreitet waren, und zwar – wie das vorliegende Beispiel zeigt – offensichtlich auch bei sozial besser gestellten Bevölkerungsschichten

Towards Symbolic Model-Based Mutation Testing: Combining Reachability and Refinement Checking

Model-based mutation testing uses altered test models to derive test cases that are able to reveal whether a modelled fault has been implemented. This requires conformance checking between the original and the mutated model. This paper presents an approach for symbolic conformance checking of action systems, which are well-suited to specify reactive systems. We also consider nondeterminism in our models. Hence, we do not check for equivalence, but for refinement. We encode the transition relation as well as the conformance relation as a constraint satisfaction problem and use a constraint solver in our reachability and refinement checking algorithms. Explicit conformance checking techniques often face state space explosion. First experimental evaluations show that our approach has potential to outperform explicit conformance checkers.Comment: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.582