Proyecto de educadores/as familiares

.El artículo intenta reflejar los elementos más significativos que, desde el punto de vista metodológico, articulan una experiencia educativa: el proyecto de educadores/as familiares, dirigido a familias que sufren situaciones de riesgo social y se ubica en un contexto de medio abierto. La intervención educativa se dirige a todo núcleo familiar en estrecha conexión con su entorno, de esta forma se trata de poner en marcha estrategias que permitan una implicación progresiva de la familia en un proceso de cambio que les permita mejorar su socialización

Eliminación de metales pesados en aguas mediante bioadsorción. Evaluación de materiales y modelación del proceso.

Una de las principales fuentes de contaminación de las aguas es el vertido de efluentes insuficientemente depurados, razón por la que el control de vertidos ha centrado gran parte de las actuaciones legislativas de las administraciones competentes en esta materia. Las técnicas convencionales de depuración de metales pesados presentan dificultades para lograr el cumplimiento de los límites de vertido siendo necesaria la búsqueda de técnicas alternativas para reducir estas emisiones. En este sentido, la investigación en bioadsorción ha mostrado en los últimos años el potencial de esta tecnología para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas por metales pesados. El objetivo de la tesis doctoral es el estudio de la bioadsorción como tecnología para el tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales contaminadas con metales pesados utilizando Posidonia oceanica y turba como bioadsorbentes. Para ello se ha implementado una metodología dirigida al desarrollo de una herramienta de predicción del proceso de bioadsorción en lecho fijo y a la evaluación de la potencial aplicación del proceso a nivel industrial. La presentación de resultados se inicia con el estudio experimental dirigido a la evaluación del uso de la Posidonia oceanica y de la turba para la eliminación de cobre en aguas. Tras determinar las características físico-químicas de ambos bioadsorbentes, se han evaluado los mecanismos de interacción con el cobre. Se presenta la caracterización del equilibrio de adsorción tanto en discontinuo como en la operación dinámica en columnas de lecho fijo. El empleo de una técnica de estímulo-respuesta ha permitido determinar los valores del coeficiente de dispersión hidrodinámica y su variación con la velocidad intersticial del fluido en lechos de ambos bioadsorbentes. La presencia de agentes complejantes en las aguas residuales puede ocasionar interferencias en los tratamientos de depuración convencionales. Por ello, se analiza el efecto de la presencia de EDTA, seleccionado como agente complejante típico, sobre el rendimiento del proceso. Asimismo, se analiza la reutilización de los bioadsorbentes en ciclos consecutivos de adsorción-desorción. A continuación se presenta el modelo matemático desarrollado con el fin de obtener una herramienta para la simulación de la bioadsorción de metales pesados en columna de lecho fijo. La calibración del modelo se ha realizado utilizando los datos de los ensayos de bioadsorción de cobre en columna de lecho fijo sobre Posidonia oceanica y sobre la turba, y ha permitido la estimación del coeficiente de transferencia de materia interna en estos sistemas. Con la validación del modelo, realizada a partir de experimentos independientes a los utilizados en la fase de calibración, se corroboran las hipótesis del modelo. Asimismo, se incluye un análisis de sensibilidad del modelo mostrando la influencia del coeficiente de dispersión hidrodinámica y del coeficiente de transferencia de materia interna sobre los resultados de las predicciones del modelo. El trabajo se completa con ensayos realizados en el marco de un proyecto de investigación aplicada, financiado por el Instituto Tecnológico Metal-Mecánico (AIMME) para evaluar la aplicación de la tecnología en el sector de tratamiento de superficies. Se presenta un estudio comparativo del rendimiento de la operación sobre diversos materiales incluyendo la Posidonia oceanica y la turba, otros bioadsorbentes (chitosan y chitín) y dos carbones activados comerciales, utilizando cobre o níquel como metales pesados de referencia en las aguas residuales de este sector. El estudio incluye la evaluación de la bioadsorción para el tratamiento de aguas residuales aportadas por una empresa del sector de tratamiento de superficies metálicas. Por último, se analizan los resultados del estudio de una configuración de columnas en serie utilizando un lecho de bioadsorbente seguido de un lecho de carbón activado como alternativa para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con metales pesados en presencia de agentes complejantes.The objective of this doctoral thesis is to study biosorption technology for treatment of wastewater polluted with heavy metals using Posidonia oceanica and peat as biosorbents. For this purpose, a methodology has been implemented to develop a fixed-bed performance prediction tool and to evaluate the industrial application of biosorption technology. Posidonia oceanica and peat are tested for copper removal from wastewater. Physicochemical properties of both biosorbents and mechanisms involved in copper retention are evaluated. Equilibrium results in batch and dynamic conditions in fixed-bed columns are presented. Hydrodynamic characterisation of biosorbent beds has been achieved with a stimulus-response technique and consequently the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and its variation with fluid interstitial velocity have been obtained. The effect of the presence of EDTA in the feed solution of the column was investigated for both biosorbents from an industrial application perspective. Likewise, reutilisation of biosorbents was evaluated in adsorption−desorption cycles. A mathematical model has been developed as a simulation tool for heavy metal biosorption fixed-bed processes. Model calibration is carried out using experimental results of copper biosorption in fixed-bed columns, which allows the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient to be estimated. Experimental results obtained in independent biosorption experiments were used to model validation, corroborating model hypothesis. Finally, the influence of hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and intraparticle mass transfer coefficient on simulation results is evaluated with a sensitivity analysis. The thesis is completed with a study carried out as a part of a research project focused on the industrial application of the technology. The experimental design was developed to evaluate biosorption technology to treat industrial wastewater from surface treatment facilities, whose main characteristic is the presence of complexing agents. The copper and nickel biosorption performance of Posidonia oceanica and peat is compared with those of other biosorbents (chitosan and chitin) and with two activated carbons. Sorbent performances were also checked using industrial wastewater of a representative facility of the surface treatment sector. A serial column configuration with a biosorbent bed of Posidonia oceanica or peat coupled with an activated carbon bed was evaluated as an alternative configuration for heavy metal with complexing agent wastewater treatment

Curiosamente leemos. Adaptación, aplicación y evaluación de un programa de enriquecimiento a través de la lectura

El porcentaje de estudiantes españoles que obtienen resultados excelentes en comprensión lectora (niveles V y VI) en el informe PISA (2018) nos sitúan 3 puntos por debajo del resto de países de la OCDE. Junto a ello, el alumnado con altas capacidades identificado según los datos aportados por el Ministerio de Educación de España en el último año ha sido del 0.42%, muy lejos del 5-15% esperado. Con la intención de incrementar la comprensión lectora del alumnado y detectar aquellos alumnos con un alto potencial, para ofrecerles una respuesta educativa, se ha llevado a cabo un plan de enriquecimiento a través de la lectura basado en el modelo SEM-R en una clase de 2º de Primaria, tomando como referencia la información teórica sobre el modelo y la experiencia profesional de la docente del grupo. Dicho programa se ha aplicado durante dos meses, desarrollando la fase 1 (con todos los alumnos) y la fase 2 (con los estudiantes con mayor potencial). La media de las puntuaciones en comprensión lectora de la clase ha subido un punto respecto a la evaluación inicial y se ha producido un incremento en el interés por la lectura del grupo a través de los diversos géneros presentados, valorado a través de las peticiones de libros específicos. La formación de los docentes para favorecer la excelencia se reconoce como necesidad para el desarrollo del talento de dicho alumnado.The percentage of Spanish students obtaining excellent results in reading comprehension (levels V and VI) in the PISA report (2018) places us 3 points below the rest of the OECD countries. In addition, according to data provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education, the number of students with high abilities identified last year was 0.42%, a far cry from the expected 5-15%. With the aim of increasing pupils' reading comprehension and detecting those pupils with high potential, in order to offer them an educational response, a reading enrichment plan based on the SEM-R model was carried out in a 2nd Primary class, taking as a reference the theoretical information on the model and the professional experience of the group's teacher. The programme was applied for two months, with phase 1 (with all students) and phase 2 (with the students with the greatest potential). The average reading comprehension scores of the class have increased by one point compared to the initial evaluation and there has been an increase in the group's interest in reading across the various genres presented, as assessed through requests for specific books. Teacher training to promote excellence is recognised as a necessity for the development of the talents of these pupils.El percentatge d'estudiants espanyols que obtenen resultats excel·lents en comprensió lectora (nivells V i VI) en l'informe PISA (2018) ens situen 3 punts per davall de la resta de països de l'OCDE. Al costat d'això, l'alumnat amb altes capacitats identificat segons les dades aportades pel Ministeri d'Educació d'Espanya en l'últim any ha sigut del 0.42%, molt lluny del 5-15% esperat. Amb la intenció d'incrementar la comprensió lectora de l'alumnat i detectar aquells alumnes amb un alt potencial, per a oferir-los una resposta educativa, s'ha dut a terme un pla d'enriquiment a través de la lectura basat en el model SEM-R en una classe de 2n de Primària, prenent com a referència la informació teòrica sobre el model i l'experiència professional de la docent del grup. Aquest programa s'ha aplicat durant dos mesos, desenvolupant la fase 1 (amb tots els alumnes) i la fase 2 (amb els estudiants amb major potencial). La mitjana de les puntuacions en comprensió lectora de la classe ha pujat un punt respecte a l'avaluació inicial i s'ha produït un increment en l'interés per la lectura del grup a través dels diversos gèneres presentats, valorat a través de les peticions de llibres específics. La formació dels docents per a afavorir l'excel·lència es reconeix com a necessitat per al desenvolupament del talent d'aquest alumnat.Educació

Fouling characterisation in PVDF membrane contactors for dissolved methane recovery from anaerobic effluents: effect of surface organofluorosilanisation

Characterisation of the fouling attached to PVDF membranes treating an anaerobic effluent for dissolved CH4 recovery was carried out. A commercial flat-sheet PVDF membrane and a PVDF functionalised by grafting of organofluorosilanes (mPVDF) that increased its hydrophobicity were subjected to a continuous flux of an anaerobic reactor effluent in long-term operation tests (> 800 h). The fouling cakes were studied by the membrane autopsy after these tests, combining a staining technique, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX, and the fouling extraction with water and NaOH solutions. Both organic and inorganic fouling were observed, and the main foulants were proteins, polysaccharides, and different calcium and phosphate salts. Also, a significant amount of live cells was detected on the fouling cake (especially on the non-modified PVDF). Although the fouling cake composition was quite heterogeneous, a stratification was observed, with the inorganic fouling mainly in the bulk centre of the cake and the organic fouling mainly located in the lower and upper surfaces of the cake. The mPVDF suffered a more severe fouling, likely owing to a stronger hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction with the foulants. Irreversible fouling remained on both membranes after the extraction, although a higher irreversible fouling was detected in the mPVDF; however, a complete polysaccharide removal was observed. Regarding the operation performance, PVDF showed a lower stability and suffered a severe degradation, resulting in a lower thickness and perforations. Finally, the decrease in the methane recovery performance of both membranes was associated with the fouling depositions

Application of data envelopment analysis to evaluate investments in the modernization of collective management irrigation systems in Valencia (Spain)

[EN] Climate change and increased competition for water resources are generating growing concern about how to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. In turn, this has prompted substantial investments in the installation of water-saving technologies in irrigation systems. The first aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to quantify, in terms of gross water savings (GWS), the local-scale efficiency of the irrigation policies adopted in an area of Spain suffering from a structural water deficit. Second, the cross-efficiency method is used to produce a ranking of the irrigation organizations analysed, in order to identify patterns of water-use efficiency performance that can guide future lines of investment. The results reveal that water-use efficiency prior to modernization is a key determinant of the efficiency achieved in terms of GWS at local scale. However, the investments targeted at irrigation modernization often have objectives other than water savings. These and other aspects should be taken into account when allocating public funds to irrigation modernization.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study has been supported by the ADAPTAMED project ((RTI2018-101483-B-I00) and by the former IMPADAPT project (CGL2013-48424-C2-1-R) with Spanish MINECO (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and European FEDER funds.García Molla, M.; Puertas Medina, RM.; Sanchis Ibor, C. (2021). Application of data envelopment analysis to evaluate investments in the modernization of collective management irrigation systems in Valencia (Spain). Water Resources Management. 35:5011-5027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02986-1S501150273

Thermal and Dielectric Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon NanotubesThermoplastic Polyurethanes Composites

[EN] Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-thermoplastic polyurethanes composites were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The composite is characterized by two glass transition temperatures T (g) . The T (g) associated with the soft segment decreases by increasing of carbon nanotubes content, while carbon nanotubes content has practically no effect on the value of the T-g associated with the hard segments. It was observed that rising the temperature and carbon nanotubes content resulted in the increased of both the dielectric permittivity and the loss factor. The presence of carbon nanotubes produces an enhancement of charge carriers trapping, increasing the electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the composite was found to exhibit an insulator to conductor transition at a carbon nanotubes critical content, i.e., the percolation threshold, near 6 wt %.MJS and MC acknowledge the financial support of the DGCYT through Grant MAT2015-63955-R.Sanchis Sánchez, MJ.; Carsí Rosique, M.; Gracia-Fernandez, C. (2017). Thermal and Dielectric Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon NanotubesThermoplastic Polyurethanes Composites. Polymer Science Series A. 59(4):543-553. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X17040083S543553594D. W. Schaefer and R. S. Justice, Macromolecules 40 (24), 8501 (2007).D. R. Raul and L. M. Robeson, Polymer 49 (15), 3187 (2008).P. J. Brigandi, J. M. Cogen, and R. A. Pearson, Polym. Eng. Sci. 54 (1), 1 (2014).H. Deng, L. Lin, M. Ji, S. Zhang, M. Yang, and Q. Fu, Prog. Polym. Sci. 39 (4), 627 (2014).Polymer-Matrix Composites. Types, Applications and Performance, Ed. by R. Kumar (Nova Sci. Publ., New York, 2014).Z. Wenying and Y. Demei, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 118 (6), 3156 (2010).Y. P. Mamunya, V. V. Davydenko, P. Pissis, and E. V. Lebedev, Eur. Polym. J. 38 (9), 1887 (2002)B. Redondo-Foj, P. Ortiz-Serna, M. Carsí, M. J. Sanchis, M. Culebras, C. M. Gomez, and A. Cantarero, Polym. Int. 64, 284 (2015).S. Deng, Y. Zhu, X. Qi, W. Yu, F. Chen, and Q. Fu, RSC Adv. 6 (51), 45578 (2016).M. Khissi, M. El Hasnaoui, J. Belattar, M. P. F. Graca, M. E. Achour, and L. C. Costa, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 2 (3), 281 (2011).M. Hindermann-Bischoff and F. Ehrburger-Dolle, Carbon 39 (3), 375 (2001).I. Balberg, Carbon 40 (2), 139 (2002).M. Moniruzzaman and K. I. Winey, Macromolecules 39, 5194 (2006).A. Bharati, R. Cardinaels, J. W. Seo, M. Wubbenhorst, and P. Moldenaers, Polymer 79 (19), 271 (2015)Szycher's Handbook of Polyurethanes, Ed. by M. Szycher (CRC Press, Washington, DC, 1999).C. Prisacariu, Polyurethane Elastomers. From Morphology to Mechanical Aspects (Springer, New York, 2011).P. Król, Prog. Mater. Sci. 52 (6), 915 (2007).P. R. de C. Coelho Filho, M. S. Marchesin, A. R. Morales, and J. R. Bartoli, Mater. Res. 17 (1), 127 (2014).R. H. Baughman, A. A. Zakhidov, and W. A. de Heer, Science 297 (5582), 787 (2002).J. Kim and Y. Son, Polymer 88, 29 (2016)M. A. Nikje Mir and A. Yaghoubi, Polimery 59(11–12), 776 (2014).C. Kingston, R. Zepp, A. Andrady, D. Boverho, R. Fehir, D. Hawkins, J. Roberts, P. Sayre, B. Shelton, Y. Sultan, V. Vejins, and W. Wohlleben, Carbon 68, 33 (2014).Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymeric Solids, Ed. by N. G. McCrum, B. E. Read, and G. Williams (Wiley, London, 1967).In Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy, Ed. by F. Kremer, and A. Schonhals (Springer, Berlin, 2003).E. Riande and R. Diaz-Calleja, Electrical Properties of Polymers (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004).I. M. Hodge, K. L. Ngai, and C. T. Moynihan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351 (2), 104 (2005).A. Eceiza, M.D. Martin, K. de la Caba, G. Kortaberria, N. Gabilondo, M. A. Corcuera, and I. Mondragon, Polym. Eng. Sci. 48 (2), 297 (2008)A. K. Jonscher, Universal Relaxation Law: A Sequel to Dielectric Relaxation in Solids (Chelsea Dielectrics Press, London, 1996), Chap. 5.A. K. Jonscher, Nature 267, 673 (1977).G. Li, L. Feng, P. Tong, and Z. Zhai, Prog. Org. Coat. 90, 284 (2016)K. Petrie, M. Kontopoulou, and A. Docoslis, Polym. Compos. 37 (9), 2794 (2016)N. Aranburu and J. I. Eguiazabal, Polym. Compos. 35 (3), 587 (2014)Impedance Spectroscopy. Theory, Experiment, and Applications, Ed. by E. Barsoukov and J. R. Macdonals (Wiley Intersci., New York, 2005).S. Havriliak and S. J. Havriliak, Dielectric and Mechanical Relaxation in Materials (Hanser, Munich, 1997), p. 57.S. Havriliak and S. Negami, Polymer 8 (4), 161 (1967)

Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Foot Strike Patterns on Plantar Pressure during a Prolonged Running

The use of minimalist shoes (MS) in running involves changes in running mechanics com pared to conventional shoes (CS), but there is still little research analysing the effects of this footwear on plantar pressure, which could help to understand some risk injury factors. Moreover, there are no studies examining the effects of a prolonged running and foot strike patterns on baropodometric variables in MS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the changes produced using MS on plantar pressure during a prolonged running, as well as its interaction with the time and foot strike pattern. Twenty-one experienced minimalist runners (age 38 ± 10 years, MS running experience 2 ± 1 years) ran with MS and CS for 30 min at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed, and mean pres sure, peak pressure, contact time, centre of pressure velocity, relative force and contact area were analysed using a pressure platform. Foot strike pattern and time were also considered as factors. The multivariable linear regression mixed models showed that the use of MS induced, at the end of a prolonged running, higher peak pressure (p = 0.008), lower contact time (p = 0.004) and lower contact area (p < 0.001) than using CS. Also, runners with forefoot strike pattern using MS, compared to midfoot and rearfoot patterns, showed higher mean and peak pressure (p < 0.001) and lower contact time and area (p < 0.05). These results should be considered when planning training for runners using MS, as higher peak pressure values when using this type of footwear could be a risk factor for the development of some foot injuries

Demethanization of aqueous anaerobic effluents using a polydimethylsiloxane membrane module: Mass transfer, fouling and feasibility

The performance, fouling and feasibility of a polydimethylsiloxane hollow fibre membrane module for in situ methane degasification from the effluent of an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed anaerobic reactor has been investigated. Experiments at different operational conditions were carried out (liquid flow, sweep gas flow and vacuum pressure) with maximum removal efficiency (77%) at lowest flow-rate (0.4 L h-1), highest vacuum gauge pressure (-800 mbar) and liquid flowing in lumen side. Mass transport analysis denoted a considerably higher methane transfer than that predicted (attributed to liquid over- saturation). An enhancement factor for liquid phase has been proposed to correlate the experimental results. Long-term experiments were also performed in order to determine the possible influence of fouling on the module performance, and it showed that relatively frequent cleaning with water might be carried out to ensure preservation of the membrane efficiency. Characterization of water quality before and after membrane module was carried out to elucidate fouling causes. Energy balance analysis evidenced that energy production exceeded the system energy requirements. A substantial reduction of CO2 equivalent emissions showed the positive environmental impact of this technology

Incidencia de la Ley 5/2011 de relaciones familiares de la Comunidad Valenciana en procedimientos de familia por cese de convivencia de los progenitores habiendo hijos bajo autoridad parental

[ES] El artículo estudia la incidencia del régimen jurídico de la Ley 5/2011 de relaciones familiares de la Comunidad Valenciana en los procedimientos de familia. Se analiza la tramitación y efectos del pacto de convivencia familiar, la aprobación de medidas judiciales en defecto de pacto, la revisión de medidas definitivas acordadas según la legislación anterior y el régimen de los procedimientos pendientes de sentencia.[EN] The article studies the incidence of the legal regime of Law 5/2011 on family relations of the Valencian Community in the family procedures. It analyzes the processing and effects of the family life agreement, the approval of judicial measures in default of the agreement, the revision of definitive measures agreed according to the previous legislation and the regime of the procedures pending judgment.Amat Llombart, P.; Espuny-Sanchis, M. (2016). Incidencia de la Ley 5/2011 de relaciones familiares de la Comunidad Valenciana en procedimientos de familia por cese de convivencia de los progenitores habiendo hijos bajo autoridad parental. Revista Internacional de Doctrina y Jurisprudencia. (14):1-30. doi:10.25115/ridj.v5i14.1837S1301