Origin and genetic diversity of diploid parthenogenetic Artemia in Eurasia

There is wide interest in understanding how genetic diversity is generated and maintained in parthenogenetic lineages, as it will help clarify the debate of the evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction. There are three mechanisms that can be responsible for the generation of genetic diversity of parthenogenetic lineages: contagious parthenogenesis, repeated hybridization and microorganism infections (e.g. Wolbachia). Brine shrimps of the genus Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) are a good model system to investigate evolutionary transitions between reproductive systems as they include sexual species and lineages of obligate parthenogenetic populations of different ploidy level, which often co-occur. Diploid parthenogenetic lineages produce occasional fully functional rare males, interspecific hybridization is known to occur, but the mechanisms of origin of asexual lineages are not completely understood. Here we sequenced and analysed fragments of one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes from an extensive set of populations of diploid parthenogenetic Artemia and sexual species from Central and East Asia to investigate the evolutionary origin of diploid parthenogenetic Artemia, and geographic origin of the parental taxa. Our results indicate that there are at least two, possibly three independent and recent maternal origins of parthenogenetic lineages, related to A. urmiana and Artemia sp. from Kazakhstan, but that the nuclear genes are very closely related in all the sexual species and parthenogegetic lineages except for A. sinica, who presumable took no part on the origin of diploid parthenogenetic strains. Our data cannot rule out either hybridization between any of the very closely related Asiatic sexual species or rare events of contagious parthenogenesis via rare males as the contributing mechanisms to the generation of genetic diversity in diploid parthenogenetic Artemia lineages

Desarrollo de un modelo de ciclo orgánico Rankine. Ejemplo de aplicación para análisis de fluidos de trabajo de bajo potencial de efecto invernadero

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Enginyeria Industrial. Codi: SJA020. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017En el contexto actual, de crisis y competitividad, resulta esencial establecer aspectos que marquen la diferencia; una buena opción, es la revalorización de fuentes de calor residual, tanto para aumentar la eficiencia energética de los procesos industriales, como para mejorar su impacto medioambiental. En gran parte de los procesos industriales se producen pérdidas de energía en forma de calor residual. Son pocos los procesos que reutilizan el calor residual de los mismos, siendo la mayor parte desaprovechado. La mayoría considera el calor como un recurso que desaparece luego de su utilización, pero claro está que la energía ni se crea ni se destruye, por tanto al no reutilizarla la estaríamos desperdiciando, con los recursos económicos que esto conlleva

Multi-objective optimization of a novel reversible High-Temperature Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle (HTHP-ORC) for industrial low-grade waste heat recovery

Nowadays, a high amount of industrial thermal energy is still lost due to the lack of competitive solutions for energy revalorization. Facing this challenge, this paper presents a novel technology, based on a reversible High-Temperature Heat Pump (HTHP) and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The proposed system recovers low-grade waste heat to generate electricity or useful heat in accordance with consumer demand. Compressor and expander semi-empirical models have been considered for the reversible system computational simulation, being HFC-245fa the working fluid selected. The built-in volume ratio and Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) effectiveness have been optimized to reach the maximum energy efficiency in each operating condition. Although HFC-245fa exhibits energy performance attributes, its high Global Warming Potential (GWP) is an issue for climate change mitigation. Hence, multi-objective optimisation of the environmentally friendly working fluids Butane, Pentane, HFO-1336mzz(Z), R-514A, HCFO-1233zd(E) and HCFO-1224yd(Z) has been carried out. The results show that the system proposed, working with HFC-245fa, achieves a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 2.44 for condensing temperature of 140 °C, operating in HTHP mode, whereas the ORC mode provides a net electrical efficiency of 8.7% at condensing temperature of 40 °C. Besides, HCFO-1233zd(E) and HCFO-1224yd(Z) are both appropriate alternatives for the HFC-245fa replacement. These working fluids provide a COP improvement of 9.7% and 5.8% and electrical net efficiency improvement of 2.1% and 0.8%, respectively, compared to HFC-245fa. This paper provides a reference study for further designs and developments of reversible HTHP-ORC systems used for industrial low-grade waste heat recovery

Building to learn / Learning to build. BACUS-UAB: Terminology training for translator trainees

This article describes a terminology database developed with three goals in mind: i) training translator trainees in terminology, ii) information retrieval for specialized translation, and iii) resource building for laypeople and language experts and mediators (translators and terminologists). The work that has taken place during more than a decade enables us to draw conclusions regarding the human factor, knowledge engineering, the scope of terminography and the knowledge power of specialist language

A Review of Medical Conditions and Behavioral Problems in Dogs and Cats

Behavioral problems and medical conditions have been treated separately for years. However, behavior depends directly on an animal's health condition, and vice versa. Some behavioral problems are caused totally or partially by a medical condition. Additionally, some of these problems represent a diagnostic challenge for veterinarians because, in many cases, apart from behavioral changes, there are no other clinical signs or evidence of illness. Improving our knowledge of the most common medical problems that can modify behavior may help veterinarians to improve their diagnostic protocols and treatments. Based on our experience, most relevant medical conditions are some neurological problems, endocrine or metabolic problems, and pain-related conditions. Thus, the aims of this review are to describe the state of the art of the relationship between these medical conditions (among others) and behavioral problems, and proposing new lines of investigation. Not all animals behave identically when faced with the same situation. These individual differences in the expression of their behavior could be due to many factors, including medical conditions. These medical problems can change behavior directly or indirectly. The aims of this review are to describe the state of the art of the relationship among some medical and behavioral problems, and to propose new lines of investigation. The revision is focused on the relation between behavioral problems and pain, endocrine diseases, neurological problems, vomeronasal organ alterations, and cardiac disorders. These problems represent a diagnostic challenge from a practical point of view. The most common sign of pain in animals is a change in behavior. Although the relation of pain to behavioral problems has been widely studied, it is not absolutely clear. As an example, the relation between sleep disorders and pain is poorly known in veterinary medicine. New studies in humans and laboratory animals show that a reciprocal relationship does, in fact, exist. More specifically, the literature suggests that the temporal effect of sleep deprivation on pain may be stronger than that of pain on sleep. Some behavioral problems could modify the sleep-awake cycle (e.g., cognitive dysfunction). The impact of these behavioral problems on pain perception is completely unknown in dogs and cats. Thyroid hormones play an important role, regarding behavioral control. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been related to behavioral changes. Concerning hypothyroidism, this relationship remains controversial. Nonetheless, new neuro-imaging studies provide objective evidence that brain structure and function are altered in hypothyroid patients, both in laboratory animals and in humans. There are many neurological problems that could potentially change behavior. This paper reviews those neurological problems that could lead to behavioral changes without modifying neurological examination. The most common problems are tumors that affect central nervous system silent zones, mild traumatic brain injury, ischemic attacks, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases and their relationship to behavior are poorly studied in dogs and cats. To better understand the pathophysiology of all of these problems, and their relation to behavioral problems, may change the diagnostic protocol of behavioral problems

Incidencia de la Ley 5/2011 de relaciones familiares de la Comunidad Valenciana en procedimientos de familia por cese de convivencia de los progenitores habiendo hijos bajo autoridad parental

[ES] El artículo estudia la incidencia del régimen jurídico de la Ley 5/2011 de relaciones familiares de la Comunidad Valenciana en los procedimientos de familia. Se analiza la tramitación y efectos del pacto de convivencia familiar, la aprobación de medidas judiciales en defecto de pacto, la revisión de medidas definitivas acordadas según la legislación anterior y el régimen de los procedimientos pendientes de sentencia.[EN] The article studies the incidence of the legal regime of Law 5/2011 on family relations of the Valencian Community in the family procedures. It analyzes the processing and effects of the family life agreement, the approval of judicial measures in default of the agreement, the revision of definitive measures agreed according to the previous legislation and the regime of the procedures pending judgment.Amat Llombart, P.; Espuny-Sanchis, M. (2016). Incidencia de la Ley 5/2011 de relaciones familiares de la Comunidad Valenciana en procedimientos de familia por cese de convivencia de los progenitores habiendo hijos bajo autoridad parental. Revista Internacional de Doctrina y Jurisprudencia. (14):1-30. doi:10.25115/ridj.v5i14.1837S1301

Juegos tradicionales como herramienta intercultural para la adquisición de contenidos musicales

El presente trabajo pretende, por un lado, trabajar la interculturalidad en educación primaria a través de los juegos tradicionales con canciones y las versiones de diferentes países. Por otro lado, mediante las diferentes melodías de estos juegos tradicionales, se facilitará a los alumnos el aprendizaje de contenidos musicales adecuados a su curso. El trabajo se realiza con una metodología activa basada en la observación para alcanzar conclusiones que se puedan trasladar a otros contextos educativos. Para conseguir dichos objetivos, el proyecto contiene una propuesta de intervención educativa teniendo en cuenta la información obtenida en base a los referentes teóricos. Esta propuesta se lleva a cabo en un aula de 4º curso de Educación Primaria, en un contexto real y conocido. El trabajo finaliza con diversas conclusiones y valoraciones obtenidas mediante la observación directa a los alumnos

Interdisciplinariedad e innovación en el proceso de enseñanzas musicales en el curso de tercero de educación secundaria obligatoria

El trabajo de fin de máster que me dispongo a entregar, trata de una propuesta educativa e innovadora interdisciplinar en el aula de música del curso 3º de educación secundaria obligatoria.<br /