Cambios en el modelo de desarrollo económico y creación de empresas : el emprendedor como factor clave del proceso de cambio

El presente trabajo se centra en analizar el papel de la creación de empresas en los cambios producidos en el modelo económico de desarrollo regional. Este objetivo resulta de gran interés si consideramos que durante los últimos años, en el entorno de la UE, hemos asistido a un proceso de cambio desde un modelo económico en el que predominaban los factores de capital y trabajo no cualificado como fuentes de ventajas competitivas, a otro en donde surgen nuevos recursos competitivos como el capital emprendedor. En este contexto, la figura del emprendedor resulta clave para entender el éxito en este proceso de reestructuración y en la configuración de las nuevas empresas como generadoras de riqueza y [email protected]

Adquisición de competencias para la atención integral de casos poblacionales afectos por la COVID-19 en los Grados de Medicina y Trabajo Social

El objetivo de este proyecto de innovación docente fue capacitar al alumnado de los Grados en Medicina y Trabajo Social en la adquisición de competencias que le permitieran conocer el manejo general de las situaciones que se presentan más frecuentemente entre la población afectada por COVID-19. Para ello, a través de informadores clave, se realizaron once entrevistas individuales en profundidad a diversos perfiles poblacionales (personas sin hogar, personas con escasos recursos económicos, personas inmigrantes, mujeres con hijos pequeños a cargo y dificultades de conciliación, etc.). Dichas entrevistas se transcribieron y, en el primer semestre del presente curso académico 2021-2022, se ofertó al alumnado de los citados grados la posibilidad de analizar su contenido, aplicando para ello las competencias adquiridas en las correspondientes asignaturas impartidas por nuestro departamento. Al ser una actividad voluntaria sin consecuencias en la calificación, un inconveniente que enfrentamos fue la escasa participación (ocho alumnos del grado de Trabajo Social y seis alumnos del grado de Medicina). Por ello, la experiencia se llevó a cabo en modo pilotaje. No obstante, esta situación conllevó algunas ventajas, como la posibilidad de realizar sesiones presenciales con los alumnos en lugar de utilizar la herramienta foros de PRADO como estaba previsto en un inicio (fomentando así un aprendizaje más cercano y activo). Los alumnos participantes expresaron una elevada satisfacción con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, manifestando su interés por repetir experiencias similares en el futuro. La transcripción de las entrevistas en profundidad, por motivos éticos, no puede ser colgada en el repositorio digital DIGIBUG. No obstante, el equipo docente está trabajando en la actualidad en analizar sus resultados con metodologías cualitativas para su publicación en una revista de impacto en el ámbito de la educación. La aplicación práctica a la docencia habitual será discutida en los siguientes apartados.The aim of this project was to train students of the Degrees in Medicine and Social Work in the acquisition of skills that would enable them to understand the general management of the situations that occur most frequently among the population affected by COVID-19. To this end, through key informants, eleven individual in-depth interviews were conducted with different population profiles (homeless people, people with scarce economic resources, immigrants, women with young children and difficulties in reconciling work and family life, etc.). These interviews were transcribed and, in the first semester of the current academic year 2021-2022, students of the aforementioned degrees were offered the possibility of analyzing their content, applying the skills acquired in the corresponding subjects taught by our department. As this was a voluntary activity with no consequences for the qualification, one drawback we faced was the low level of participation (eight students from the Bachelor's Degree in Social Work and six students from the Bachelor's Degree in Medicine). Therefore, the experience was conducted in pilot mode. However, this situation had some advantages, such as the possibility of conducting faceto-face sessions with the students instead of using the PRADO forum tool as originally planned (thus promoting closer and more active learning). The participating students expressed a high level of satisfaction with the teaching-learning process, expressing their interest in repeating similar experiences in the future. The transcript of the in-depth interviews, for ethical reasons, cannot be uploaded to the DIGIBUG digital repository. However, the teaching team is currently working on analyzing the results with qualitative methodologies for publication in an impact journal in the field of education. The practical application to regular teaching will be discussed in the following sections

CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation promotes colon cancer progression via AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway

The pharmacological activation of the cannabinoid receptor type 2, CB2, has been shown to elicit anti-tumoral mechanisms in different cancer types. However, little is known about its endogenous role in tumor pathophysiology, and different studies have attributed pro-tumorigenic properties to this receptor. In a previous work, we showed that CB2 expression is a poor prognostic factor in colon cancer patients. Here we report that activation of CB2 with low doses of specific agonists induce cell proliferation and favor the acquisition of aggressive molecular features in colon cancer cells. We show that sub-micromolar concentrations of CB2-specific agonists, JWH-133 and HU-308, promote an increase in cell proliferation rate through the activation of AKT/PKB pathway in colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. AKT activation promotes GSK3β inhibition and thus, a more aggressive cell phenotype with the subsequent elevation of SNAIL levels, E-cadherin degradation and β-catenin delocalization from cell membrane. Taken together, our data show that CB2 activation with sub-micromolar doses of agonists, which could be more similar to endogenous levels of cannabinoids, promote colon cancer progression, implicating that CB2 could have a pro-tumorigenic endogenous role in colon cancerThis work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (ISCIII-PI10/00879 to JMG; Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008-2011, FEDER funds co-financed), Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (ISCIII-RETIC RD12/0036/0041; Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016, FEDER funds cofinanced). JMG and PM were supported by ISCIII CP08/00217 and JR14/0018 contracts, respectively. EMM was recipient of ISCIII PFIS PhD studentship (FI11/00696) (Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008-2011, FEDER funds co-financed); AMR was recipient of PhD contract from Department of Medical Oncology of H.U. Puerta de Hierro; VC was recipient of attending physician contract in Medical Oncology Department from H.U. Puerta de Hierro; MP was supported by Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) with Full Professor contrac

In-situ evidence of the redox-state dependence of photoluminescence in graphene quantum dots

Changes in the optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQD) during electrochemical reduction and oxidation were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroelectrochemistry, which provided direct in situ evidence of the dependence of GQD luminescence on their redox state. We demonstrated that GQD PL intensity was enhanced upon reduction (quantum yield increased from 0.44 to 0.55) and substantially bleached during oxidation (quantum yield ∼0.12). Moreover, PL emission blue/red-shifted upon GQD reduction/oxidation, rendering information about electronic transitions involved in the redox processes, namely, the π → π* and the n → π* transitions between energy levels of the aromatic sp2 domains and the functional groups, respectively. PL intensity changes during GQD reduction/oxidation resulted from a variation in structural changes in GQD as a result of charge injection, as corroborated by in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CTQ2014-55583-R, CTQ2014-61914-EXP, CTQ2015- 71955-REDT), Junta de Castilla y León (BU033-U16) and Basque Government under the ELKARTEK Program (ACTIMAT project, grant number KK-2015/00094 and KK-2016/ 00097

Optically transparent electrodes for spectroelectrochemistry fabricated with graphene nanoplatelets and single-walled carbon nanotubes

Ministerio de Econom ´ıa y Competitividad (CTQ2014-55583-R, CTQ2014-61914-EXP

Alcohol use and family‑related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi- Square test and Student’s T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145 2013|034 PI16/0194

Maternal trauma due to motor vehicle crashes and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To systematically review and quantify the effect of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in pregnancy on maternal and offspring outcomes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data searched from inception until 1 July 2018. Searching was from June to August 2018 in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online, TRANSPORT, International Road Research Documentation, European Conference of Ministers of Transportation Databases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register. Participants Studies were selected if they focused on the effects of exposure MVC during pregnancy versus non-exposure, with follow-up to verify outcomes in various settings, including secondary care, collision and emergency, and inpatient care. Data synthesis For incidence data, we calculated a pooled estimate per 1000 women. For comparison of outcomes between women involved and those not involved in MVC, we calculated ORs with 95% CIs. Where possible, we statistically pooled the data using the random-effects model. The quality of studies used in the comparative analysis was assessed with Newcastle– Ottawa Scale. Results We included 19 studies (3 222 066 women) of which the majority was carried out in high-income countries (18/19). In population-level studies of women involved in MVC, maternal death occurred in 3.6 per 1000 (95% CI 0.25–10.42; 3 studies, 12 000 women; Tau=1.77), and fetal death or stillbirth in 6.6 per 1000 (95% CI 3.81–10.12; 8 studies, 47 992 women; I2 =92.6%). Pooled incidence of complications per 1000 women involved in MVC was labour induction (276.43), preterm delivery (191.90) and caesarean section (166.65). Compared with women not involved in MVC, those involved had increased odds of placental abruption (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.27–1.63; 3 studies, 1 500 825 women) and maternal death (OR 202.27; 95%CI 110.60–369.95; 1 study, 1 094 559 women). Conclusion Pregnant women involved in MVC were at higher risk of maternal death and complications than those not involved

Analysis of notch effect in load bearing capacity, apparent fracture toughness and fracture micromechanisms of ferritic–pearlitic steels

This paper presents the analysis of the notch effect in two ferritc–pearlitic steels: S275JR and S355J2. The research is based on the development and analysis of an experimental programme composed of 336 CT specimens, combining 6 different notch radii, and testing temperatures from the lower shelf up to the upper shelf of the two materials. The notch effect is analysed through the evolution of both the load bearing capacity and the apparent fracture toughness, and also through the relation between these two variables and the failure micromechanisms. The results reveal a clear notch effect in both materials. In the case of the load bearing capacity, this notch effect has its maximum at lower shelf temperatures. The notch effect in the apparent fracture presents a maximum at the lower temperatures of the ductileto-brittle transition zone. Finally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy fractographies have justified the previous observations

Shift Work and Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC) has recently confirmed shift work as a type 2A carcinogen. The results presented in published epidemiological studies regarding prostate cancer are inconsistent and the association remains controversial. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate the possible association between shift work and prostate cancer incidence, identifying possible sources of heterogeneity; and (b) to analyze the potential effect of publication bias. A search for cohort and case-control studies published from January 1980 to November 2019 was conducted. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled OR were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and data were stratified by potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was analyzed. Eighteen studies were included. No association was found between rotating/night-shift work and prostate cancer, pooled OR 1.07 (95%CI 0.99 to 1.15), I2 = 45.7%, p = 0.016. Heterogeneity was eliminated when only cohort studies (pooled OR 1.03; 95%CI 0.96 to 1.10; I2 = 18.9%, p = 0.264) or high-quality studies (pooled OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.89 to 1.08; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.571) were considered. A publication bias was detected. An association between shift work and prostate cancer cannot be confirmed with the available current data. Future analytical studies assessing more objective homogeneous exposure variables still seem necessary

BigMark: análisis y predicción de calificaciones mediante Big Data

Proyecto de innovación docente en el que apliquemos estas técnicas de análisis de datos inteligentes para extraer información a partir de las calificaciones obtenidas por los alumnos durante el curso. El proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de una aplicación inteligente, disponible a través del navegador web o del móvil, para que tanto los profesores como los alumnos puedan ver las calificaciones del curso, compararlas e incluso predecirlas. La predicción se consigue mediante el análisis de datos y la aplicación de técnicas de regresión estadística a partir de los datos del curso actual y de los cursos anteriores, tanto del alumno que busca información como (de forma anonimizada) de sus compañeros