Evaluación de los efectos de la urbanización en los arroyos de Tierra del Fuego

We set out to understand how urbanization affects streams in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego. Paired ttestsand linear regressions were used to compare physico-chemical stream habitat variables (i.e., temperature,turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH) and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure (i.e.,density, taxonomic richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity) and function (functional feeding groups [FFG]) in fourwatersheds with urban and reference sites. We then calculated indices of biotic integrity for habitat (rapid visualassessment protocol [RVAP]) and benthos (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera richness [EPT], family bioticindex [FBI], rapid bioassessment protocol [RBP] and biotic monitoring Patagonian streams [BMPS]). Resultsindicated that urbanization negatively impacted these streams? underlying ecological condition, decreasingbenthic biodiversity and dissolved oxygen, while increasing conductivity and turbidity. FFG assemblagewas similar between both sites, but urbanization increased the existing dominance of collector-gatherers.Additionally, urban sites presented lower values in three of the benthic macroinvertebrate indices (EPT, RBP,BMPS, but not FBI) and also for habitat (RVAP). These data fill an existing gap in stream ecology for southernPatagonia and are useful to create monitoring tools. By incorporating urbanization as a driver of ecosystemchange, managers and planners will be better able to confront the issue of sustainable development in thisregion, which is considered one of the most pristine wilderness areas remaining on the planet but whosehuman population is concentrated in a few densely populated urban areas.Fil: Zagarola, Jean Paul A.. Bonneville Environmental Foundation; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Anderson, Christopher Brian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Tabaquismo en la consulta de enfermería de atención primaria

La Sociedad Científica Española de Enfermería –SCELE, ha realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Alicante, los días 9 y 10 de Junio de 2016, el VIII Congreso Nacional SCELE, bajo el lema: "LIDERAZGO DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA GESTIÓN DE CUIDADOS EN LA CRONICIDAD". Se ofrece el acceso a los Resúmenes de las Comunicaciones Científicas Orales y Posters presentadas y defendidas en el trascurso del mencionado Congreso, en sus distintas categorías: estudios de investigación, proyectos de investigación y casos de cuidados

GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EMPRESARIAL: UN ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE HOTELES DE CANCÚN, MÉXICO Y VARADERO, CUBA

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los sistemas de gestión y certificación ambiental desarrollada en los destinos turísticos de Varadero, Cuba y Cancún, México, y sus resultados en el desempeño del sector hotelero. Se basa en la revisión documental, la aplicación de cuestionarios evaluativos a 31 hoteles y entrevistas en profundidad a directivos de los establecimientos. A pesar de que las muestras estudiadas no son estadísticamente representativas, los resultados permitieron determinar qué acciones de gestión ambiental implementan las empresas, reconociendo así los comportamientos ambientales de cada grupo. Los resultados se presentan desde una propuesta de indicadores que valoran cuatro dimensiones de gestión ambiental: comunicación y consumo responsable, monitoreo ambiental, disposición a cumplir, y acciones de gestión ambiental. Además de contribuir a determinar las fortalezas y debilidades en la gestión ambiental en la industria hotelera de ambos destinos, se calificó su comportamiento en diferentes categorías de manejo.SR

Clustering of syntactic and discursive information for the dynamic adaptation of Language Models

Presentamos una estrategia de agrupamiento de elementos de diálogo, de tipo semántico y discursivo. Empleando Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) agru- pamos los diferentes elementos de acuerdo a un criterio de distancia basado en correlación. Tras seleccionar un conjunto de grupos que forman una partición del espacio semántico o discursivo considerado, entrenamos unos modelos de lenguaje estocásticos (LM) asociados a cada modelo. Dichos modelos se emplearán en la adaptación dinámica del modelo de lenguaje empleado por el reconocedor de habla incluido en un sistema de diálogo. Mediante el empleo de información de diálogo (las probabilidades a posteriori que el gestor de diálogo asigna a cada elemento de diálogo en cada turno), estimamos los pesos de interpolación correspondientes a cada LM. Los experimentos iniciales muestran una reducción de la tasa de error de palabra al emplear la información obtenida a partir de una frase para reestimar la misma frase

The enzymatic determination of glucose in carbonated beverages: a useful tool for the undergraduate students to learn the basis of enzymatic analysis and the comparison of two analytical methods

The importance of enzymatic analysis in biochemistry, clinical chemistry and food chemistry is undoubted. The course "Applied Biochemistry" in our Faculty is aimed to undergraduate students of Chemistry and Biochemistry. In this subject, the principles and applications of enzymatic analysis are presented to the students, who receive a theoretical introductory lecture in the classroom before they carry out an experiment that should be feasible to be solved in a short laboratory period. The experimental protocol here presented, based on the enzymatic determination of glucose in carbonated beverages, has been implemented at the University of Málaga and it has been optimized according to the students’ results and commentaries along the last years. It aims to illustrate basic issues relating enzymatic analysis, including its potential application to food chemistry. Although there are several enzymatic methods that can be used for the determination of glucose, we selected the one based on the coupled reactions of glucose oxidase (GOD; EC 1.1.3.4.) and peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7.) because the kinetic constants of glucose oxidase allow the mentioned enzymatic reactions to be used in both, the end point and the kinetic enzymatic analysis methods. In this way, data for two different protocols for the determination of glucose concentration are obtained by the students from a single reaction mixture. Students construct a calibration curve for each method using a glucose standard solution, and use them to determine the glucose concentration in the problem solutions. The inclusion of replicate samples in the determination of the glucose concentration of an “ideal problem” (glucose in purified water) is used to illustrate the principles of statistics in the lab, and comparison with the “real value” allows an estimation of the accuracy of each method. The evaluation of glucose concentration in four carbonated beverages: coloured coke and uncoloured tonic sodas (regular or sugarless in both cases) makes student to recognise the appearance of interferences that should be either avoided or eliminated. Since all samples are analysed by means of end-point and kinetic methods, students can discuss the applicability of each method to these specific analytical problems. They are also encouraged to compare both analytical methods in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and time consumed. Chemistry and Biochemistry undergraduate students having performed this experiment in our laboratories have found it formative, interesting and challenging.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A practice project to prevent the cookbook model as modus operandi for biochemistry laboratory learning

Laboratory learning is a crucial component of chemistry and biochemistry instruction and should be conceived as a way to develop students’ reasoning, technical or practical skills, introducing them into the scientific method principles. Nevertheless, the heavily criticized “expository instruction style”, characterized by a cookbook nature, is still the most widespread style of laboratory instruction in our universities. Alternative learning styles based in the inquiry, discovery and problem-based pedagogical approaches, have been reported to promote students’ problem solving skills, critical thought and self-confidence development. We are currently involved in the Educative Innovation Project PIE17-065, funded by University of Malaga, aimed to improve the teaching practice of Biochemistry laboratory to undergraduate students. Based on an enzymatic analysis of glucose in soft-drinks we have developed a laboratory protocol as a part of a full practice project where students must work before and after the lab session, in order to prevent the cookbook model as modus operandi, therefore preventing the situation where the students get a first glimpse of the experiment protocol whereas they put on their lab coat. The learning activities have been designed to move our students from the passive role that characterizes the step-by-step procedures, to an active and critical attitude that starts before and remains after their laboratory session, also minimizing time, space, and equipment resources. Our results have shown that this experiment has improved the learning of both, future biochemists and chemists, which showed a very positive perception of the whole practical project.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PIE 17-06

The impact of dementia on hospital outcomes for elderly patients with sepsis: A population-based study

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have suggested that dementia adversely influences clinical outcomes and increases resource utilization in patients hospitalized for acute diseases. However, there is limited population-data information on the impact of dementia among elderly hospitalized patients with sepsis. METHODS: From the 2009-2011 National Hospital Discharge Database we identified hospitalizations in adults aged ≥65 years. Using ICD9-CM codes, we selected sepsis cases, divided them into two cohorts (with and without dementia) and compared both groups with respect to organ dysfunction, in-hospital mortality and the use of hospital resources. We estimated the impact of dementia on these primary endpoints through multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Of the 148 293 episodes of sepsis identified, 16 829 (11.3%) had diagnoses of dementia. Compared to their dementia-free counterparts, they were more predominantly female and older, had a lower burden of comorbidities and were more frequently admitted due to a principal diagnosis of sepsis. The dementia cohort showed a lower risk of organ dysfunction (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.81, 0.87) but higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 1.32, 95% [CI]: 1.27, 1.37). The impact of dementia on mortality was higher in the cases of younger age, without comorbidities and without organ dysfunction. The cases with dementia also had a lower length of stay (-3.87 days, 95% [CI]: -4.21, -3.54) and lower mean hospital costs (-3040€, 95% [CI]: -3279, -2800). CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide population-based study shows that dementia is present in a substantial proportion of adults ≥65s hospitalized with sepsis, and while the condition does seem to come with a lower risk of organ dysfunction, it exerts a negative influence on in-hospital mortality and acts as an independent mortality predictor. Furthermore, it is significantly associated with shorter length of stay and lower hospital costs.This work was supported by a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant number: PI09/0597)S

The loyalty of young residents in an island destination: An integrated model.

This paper investigates the factors that influence the loyalty of young residents as tourists in their home destination in the context of domestic tourism. The interest in studying the loyalty of this particular population segment stems from their consumption potential, their influence, and for the triple role they can play as tourists in the destination, as residents in the destination and as collaborators with local tourism companies. The setting for this study is one of growing domestic tourism in a destination made up of islands, the Canary Islands (Spain). The importance of this kind of research for island destinations arises from the negative impacts of tourism that island destinations suffer more than others, often with negative repercussions on loyalty. This paper studies the role of tourism companies, the product, the place and the young residents themselves in the formation of loyalty. A sample of 678 young residents from the Canary Islands responded to an ad hoc questionnaire of 22 items. The descriptive analysis highlights that young residents value to varying degrees all the variables included in the model (tourism companies, place, product and tourist variables). The discriminant analysis shows that there are no significant differences in the perceptions of young residents according to gender, island of residence or the number of trips made within the destination, which confirms the generational nature of the study and the possibility of extrapolating the results. Using the causal model proposed, the formation of loyalty among young residents is explained. In this model, the variables related to the company and the product hardly influence loyalty formation among young residents when these variables are integrated into the same model with place variables (identity, attachment and familiarity). These variables initiate the chain of cause and effect that culminates in the formation of satisfaction and loyalty among tourists, relegating company and product variables to the background

Effect of dementia on the incidence, short-term outcomes, and resource utilization of invasive mechanical ventilation in the elderly: a nationwide population-based study

BACKGROUND: Though the prevalence of dementia among hospitalized patients is increasing, there is limited population data in Europe about the use of life-support measures such as invasive mechanical ventilation in these patients. Our objective is to assess whether dementia influences the incidence, outcomes, and hospital resource use in elderly patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Using ICD-9-CM codes, all hospitalizations involving invasive mechanical ventilation in adults aged ≥ 65 years were identified in the Spanish national hospital discharge database covering the period 2000-2013. The cases identified were stratified into two cohorts (patients with or without dementia) in which main outcome measures were compared. The impact of dementia on in-hospital mortality and hospital resource use were assessed through multivariable models. Trends were assessed through joinpoint regression analysis and results expressed as average annual percentage change. RESULTS: Of the 259,623 cases identified, 5770 (2.2%) had been assigned codes for dementia. Cases with dementia were older, had a lower Charlson comorbidity score, and less frequently received prolonged mechanical ventilation or were assigned a surgical DRG. Circulatory disease was the most common main diagnosis in both cohorts. No significant impact of dementia was observed on in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 1.04, [95% CI] 0.98, 1.09). In the cohort with dementia, the incidence of mechanical ventilation underwent an average annual increase over time of 5.39% (95% CI 4.0, 6.7) while this rate was 1.62% (95% CI 0.9, 2.4) in cases without dementia. However, unlike this cohort, mortality in cases with dementia did not significantly decline over time. Geometric mean hospital cost and stay were lower among cases with than without dementia (- 14% [95% CI - 12%, - 15%] and - 12% [95% CI, - 9%, - 14%], respectively), and these differences increased over time. CONCLUSION: This nationwide population-based study suggests no impact of dementia on in-hospital mortality in elderly patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. However, dementia is significantly associated with shorter stay and hospital costs. Our data also identifies a recent marked increase in the use of this life-support measure in elderly patients with dementia and that this increase is much greater than that observed in elderly individuals without dementia.This research was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant number PI14/00081). The funding source has no role in the design and conduct of the study, the analysis and interpretation of data, or in the writing of the manuscript.S