Corrigendum: Reliability and validation of the child eating behavior questionnaire in 3- to 6-year-old Spanish children

A corrigendum on Reliability and validation of the child eating behavior questionnaire in 3- to 6-year-old Spanish children by Jimeno-Martínez, A., Maneschy, I., Moreno, L. A., Bueno-Lozano, G., De Miguel-Etayo, P., Flores-Rojas, K., Jurado-Castro, J. M., de Lamas, C., Vázquez-Cobela, R., Martinez-Lacruz, R., Portoles, O., Martínez, J. A., Navas-Carretero, S., Schröder, H., Fitó, M., Babio, N., Salas-Salvadó, J., Leis, R., Gil-Campos, M., and Rupérez, A. I. (2022). Front. Psychol. 13:705912. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.70591

Cronobiología y salud: modulación y asociación con factores ambientales, genéticos y epigenéticos en población mediterránea

Introducción: A pesar de la importancia del sueño, del cronotipo y de otras variables relacionadas con los ritmos circadianos, muchos de los estudios epidemiológicos sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular todavía no han incorporado el análisis de las mismas. Estas variables, que vamos a denominar en su conjunto como variables cronobiológicas, pueden tener gran influencia en el desarrollo de obesidad, diabetes y otras patologías relacionadas, y a su vez pueden interactuar con otras variables del estilo de vida, como la dieta o la actividad física, contribuyendo a una compleja red multifactorial. Además, las variables cronobiológicas pueden tener una importante influencia genética y epigenética que todavía no ha sido bien estudiada en población mediterránea. Objetivos: Analizar la influencia de las principales variables cronobiológicas (fundamentalmente cronotipo y sueño y sus características) en población mediterránea, y la asociación de éstas con otras variables del estilo de vida y con varios fenotipos de salud cardiometabólica. Además, se analizará la contribución genética y epigenética en estas variables de una manera amplia, a través del cribado de polimorfismos genéticos y de lugares de metilación en los principales genes candidatos. Metodología: Análisis transversal en población mediterránea reclutada en la Comunidad Valenciana, incluyendo hombres y mujeres tanto de población de edad avanzada de alto riesgo cardiovascular y síndrome metabólico (n=465), como población más joven de menor riesgo cardiovascular (n=751). Se analizarán en ambas poblaciones las principales variables cronobiológicas, del estilo de vida y de salud cardiometabólica, teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de género. Asimismo, en la población de alto riesgo se realizará un análisis genético y epigenético de los polimorfismos más relevantes, así como de la metilación de citosinas en los principales genes candidatos relacionados con la cronobiología, y se efectuarán los análisis bioinformáticos y estadísticos de asociación con los fenotipos de interés, empleando los modelos de regresión más adecuados, incluyendo ajustes multivariantes específicos para estos estudios. Resultados: Tanto en la población mediterránea joven como en la de edad avanzada y de alto riesgo cardiovascular, las variables cronobiológicas han mostrado asociaciones significativas relevantes con variables del estilo de vida y con fenotipos cardiometabólicos, detectando algunas diferencias por edad y sexo que tienen que ser consideradas en futuros estudios y aplicaciones. Así, en población más joven existe un mayor porcentaje de personas con el cronotipo vespertino (18% vespertino moderado y 1,9% vespertino extremo) que en población de edad avanzada (3,5% vespertino moderado y 0,7% vespertino extremo). Esta evolución a un cronotipo más matutino con la edad ha sido descrita en otras poblaciones. En el análisis por sexo, detectamos diferencias según la población, de manera que en población joven el cronotipo matutino fue más frecuente en mujeres, mientras que la tendencia fue inversa en población de edad avanzada. Fundamentalmente, en la población joven se observa que el cronotipo matutino se asocia con una mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p=0,031). También la una buena calidad del sueño se asocia en esta población con mayor adherencia a este tipo de dieta (p=0,019), observándose un mayor porcentaje de buenos dormidores en los sujetos con mayor adherencia a la DM. Además de con la dieta mediterránea, la calidad del sueño, la duración del sueño y la somnolencia diurna también se asociaron con otros fenotipos de interés en población joven. En población de edad avanzada los hombres tuvieron una mayor duración del sueño que las mujeres tanto entre semana como en fin de semana (p=0,001), contribuyendo a explicar la mayor somnolencia diurna encontrada en mujeres en población mediterránea. En el análisis de las variables de personalidad en población de edad avanzada, encontramos diferencias por sexo respecto a las dimensiones de psicoticismo (p<0,001) y sinceridad o deseabilidad social (p=0,001), siendo ambas superiores en las mujeres. El neuroticismo fue la variable de la personalidad que más se asoció inversamente con adherencia a dieta mediterránea (p<0,05). Los análisis genéticos y epigenéticos en genes candidatos revelaron importantes y novedosas asociaciones de los mismos con variables cronobiológicas. Paralelamente, a través de randomización mendeliana, distintos polimorfismos genéticos y metilaciones se asocian con fenotipos cardiometabólicos. Entre ellos destacamos los siguientes: La asociación del rs11123853 en el gen NPAS2 y la metilación del lugar cg25801387, también en dicho gen, con el índice de masa corporal; así como la metilación en el lugar cg21140419 del gen BHLHE41 con diabetes. Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan la relevancia de las variables cronobiológicas en fenotipos de estilo de vida y riesgo cardiometabólico en población mediterránea, así como el interés de la investigación de marcadores genéticos y epigenéticos en los genes relacionados

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on Bilirubin Concentrations in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: Sex-Specific GWAS Analysis and Gene-Diet Interactions in a Mediterranean Population

Although, for decades, increased serum bilirubin concentrations were considered a threatening sign of underlying liver disease and had been associated with neonatal jaundice, data from recent years show that bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant and suggest that slightly increased serum bilirubin concentrations are protective against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the gene-diet interactions in determining serum bilirubin concentrations is needed. None of the previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on bilirubin concentrations has been stratified by sex. Therefore, considering the increasing interest in incorporating the gender perspective into nutritional genomics, our main aim was to carry out a GWAS on total serum bilirubin concentrations in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, stratified by sex. Our secondary aim was to explore, as a pilot study, the presence of gene-diet interactions at the GWAS level. We included 430 participants (188 men and 242 women, aged 55⁻75 years, and with metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study. Global and sex-specific GWAS were undertaken to analyze associations and gene-diet interaction on total serum bilirubin. Adherence (low and high) to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was analyzed as the dietary modulator. In the GWAS, we detected more than 55 SNPs associated with serum bilirubin at p < 5 × 10-8 (GWAS level). The top-ranked were four SNPs (rs4148325 (p = 9.25 × 10-24), rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10-24), rs6742078 (p = 1.29 × 10-23), rs887829 (p = 1.39 × 10-23), and the rs4148324 (p = 9.48 × 10-24)) in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1) gene, which replicated previous findings revealing the UGT1A1 as the major locus. In the sex-specific GWAS, the top-ranked SNPs at the GWAS level were similar in men and women (the lead SNP was the rs4148324-UGT1A1 in both men (p = 4.77 × 10-11) and women (p = 2.15 × 10-14), which shows homogeneous genetic results for the major locus. There was more sex-specific heterogeneity for other minor genes associated at the suggestive level of GWAS significance (p < 1 × 10-5). We did not detect any gene-MedDiet interaction at p < 1 × 10-5 for the major genetic locus, but we detected some gene-MedDiet interactions with other genes at p < 1 × 10-5, and even at the GWAS level for the IL17B gene (p = 3.14 × 10-8). These interaction results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to our small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides new data, with a gender perspective, on genes associated with total serum bilirubin concentrations in men and women, and suggests possible additional modulations by adherence to MedDiet

Relationship between olive oil consumption and ankle-brachial pressure index in a population at high cardiovascular risk

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the consumption of different categories of edible olive oils (virgin olive oils and olive oil) and olive pomace oil and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) in participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study, a trial of lifestyle modification for weight and cardiovascular event reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Consumption of any category of olive oil and olive pomace oil was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between olive oil consumption and ABI. Additionally, ABI ≤1 was considered as the outcome in logistic models with different categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil as exposure. Results: Among 4330 participants, the highest quintile of total olive oil consumption (sum of all categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil) was associated with higher mean values of ABI (beta coefficient: 0.014, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.027) (p for trend = 0.010). Logistic models comparing the consumption of different categories of olive oils, olive pomace oil and ABI ≤1 values revealed an inverse association between virgin olive oils consumption and the likelihood of a low ABI (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI [0.56, 0.97]), while consumption of olive pomace oil was positively associated with a low ABI (OR 1.22 95% CI [1.00, 1.48]). Conclusions: In a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk, total olive oil consumption was associated with a higher mean ABI. These results suggest that olive oil consumption may be beneficial for peripheral artery disease prevention, but longitudinal studies are needed

Long daytime napping is associated with increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes in an elderly population with metabolic syndrome

Research examining associations between objectively-measured napping time and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate daytime napping in relation to T2D and adiposity measures in elderly individuals from the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2190 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, in the PREDIMED-Plus trial, was carried out. Accelerometer-derived napping was measured. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D were obtained using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with constant time. Linear regression models were fitted to examine associations of napping with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Participants napping ≥90 min had a higher prevalence of T2D (PR 1.37 (1.06, 1.78)) compared with those napping 5 to <30 min per day. Significant positive associations with BMI and WC were found in those participants napping ≥30 min as compared to those napping 5 to <30 min per day. The findings of this study suggest that longer daytime napping is associated with higher T2D prevalence and greater adiposity measures in an elderly Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensives obre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), the grant from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant and FEDER funds (CB06/03), Olga Castaner is granted by the JR17/00022, ISCIII. Christopher Papandreou is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (PERIS 2016-2020 Incorporació de Científics I Tecnòlegs, SLT002/0016/00428). Jadwiga Konieczna is supported by the "FOLIUM" program within the FUTURMed project. Talent for the medicine within the future from the Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears. This call is co-financed at 50% with charge to the Operational Program FSE 2014-2020 of the Balearic Islands. José C. Fernández-García is supported by a research contract from Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) (B-0003-2017). None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility to submit for publication

Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional study

Purpose: We examined the association between dietary folate intake and a score of MetS (metabolic syndrome) and its components among older adults at higher cardiometabolic risk participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis with 6633 with overweight/obesity participants with MetS was conducted. Folate intake (per 100 mcg/day and in quintiles) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We calculated a MetS score using the standardized values as shown in the formula: [(body mass index + waist-to-height ratio)/2] + [(systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure)/2] + plasma fasting glucose-HDL cholesterol + plasma triglycerides. The MetS score as continuous variable and its seven components were the outcome variables. Multiple robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was performed to evaluate the association adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We observed that an increase in energy-adjusted folate intake was associated with a reduction of MetS score (β for 100 mcg/day = - 0.12; 95% CI: - 0.19 to - 0.05), and plasma fasting glucose (β = - 0.03; 95% CI: - 0.05 to - 0.02) independently of the adherence to Mediterranean diet and other potential confounders. We also found a positive association with HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04-0.10). These associations were also observed when quintiles of energy-adjusted folate intake were used instead. Conclusion: This study suggests that a higher folate intake may be associated with a lower MetS score in older adults, a lower plasma fasting glucose, and a greater HDL cholesterol in high-risk cardio-metabolic subjects

Correction to: Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED‑Plus study: a cross‑sectional study

[Purpose]: We examined the association between dietary folate intake and a score of MetS (metabolic syndrome) and its components among older adults at higher cardiometabolic risk participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. [Methods]: A cross-sectional analysis with 6633 with overweight/obesity participants with MetS was conducted. Folate intake (per 100 mcg/day and in quintiles) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We calculated a MetS score using the standardized values as shown in the formula: [(body mass index + waist-to-height ratio)/2] + [(systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure)/2] + plasma fasting glucose–HDL cholesterol + plasma triglycerides. The MetS score as continuous variable and its seven components were the outcome variables. Multiple robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was performed to evaluate the association adjusting for potential confounders.[Results]: We observed that an increase in energy-adjusted folate intake was associated with a reduction of MetS score (β for 100 mcg/day = − 0.12; 95% CI: − 0.19 to − 0.05), and plasma fasting glucose (β = − 0.03; 95% CI: − 0.05 to − 0.02) independently of the adherence to Mediterranean diet and other potential confounders. We also found a positive association with HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04–0.10). These associations were also observed when quintiles of energy-adjusted folate intake were used instead.[Conclusion]: This study suggests that a higher folate intake may be associated with a lower MetS score in older adults, a lower plasma fasting glucose, and a greater HDL cholesterol in high-risk cardio-metabolic subjects.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, and PI17/00926; the Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018, 340918) to M.Á.M.-G., the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to J.S.-S., the Recercaixa grant to J.S.-S. (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, and PI0137/2018), a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017), a SEMERGEN grant, and funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03 and CB12/03), The International Nut & Dried Fruit Council—FESNAD (Long-term effects of an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet on mortality and cardiovascular disease 2014–2015, No. 201302) [M.A.M.-G.]; the AstraZeneca Young Investigators Award in Category of Obesity and T2D 2017 [D.R.], EU-COST Action CA16112, Grant of support to research groups no. 35/2011 from the Balearic Islands Government, Grants from Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA). This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.Peer reviewe

Associations between dietary polyphenols and type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial: role of body mass index and sex

Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moving towards healthier diets, namely, diets rich in bioactive compounds, could decrease the odds of suffering T2D. However, those individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may have altered absorption or metabolism of some nutrients and dietary components, including polyphenols. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether high intakes of some classes of polyphenols are associated with T2D in a population with metabolic syndrome and how these associations depend on BMI and sex. This baseline cross-sectional analysis includes 6633 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Polyphenol intakes were calculated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Cox regression models with constant time at risk and robust variance estimators were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) for polyphenol intake and T2D prevalence using the lowest quartile as the reference group. Analyses were stratified by sex and BMI groups (overweight and obese) to evaluate potential effect modification. Catechins, proanthocyanidins, hydroxybenzoic acids, and lignans were inversely associated with T2D. Hydroxycinnamic acids were directly related in men. These associations were different depending on sex and BMI, that is, women and overweight obtained stronger inverse associations.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias projects leaded by J.S.-S. and J.V., including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, and PI17/00926), the Especial Action Project entitled Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to J.S.-S., European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014–2019, 340918) to M.Á.M.-G., the Recercaixa grant to J.S.-S. (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, and PI0137/2018), a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017), a SEMERGEN grant, a CICYT grant provided by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (AGL2016-75329-R), and funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03). Food companies Hojiblanca (Lucena, Spain) and Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero (Madrid, Spain) donated extra virgin olive oil, and the Almond Board of California (Modesto, CA, USA), American Pistachio Growers (Fresno, CA, USA), and Paramount Farms (Wonderful Company, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA) donated nuts. J.K. was supported by the “FOLIUM” program within the FUTURMed project entitled Talent for the medicine within the future from the Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears. This call was co-financed at 50% with charge to the Operational Program FSE 2014-2020 of the Balearic Islands