Friendly Residential Environments and Subjective Well-Being in Older People with and without Help Needs.

Previous studies have shown that friendly environments are associated with well-being and higher quality of life in older people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between friendly environments and subjective well-being by segmenting the population according to the need for help in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) in a representative sample of people over 55 years of age in the Basque Country (Spain) (n = 2760). To determine the predictive power of friendliness on subjective well-being, two separate linear regression models were obtained according to the need for help in ADLs. The results obtained show a greater explanatory power of the model in the case of people who required help. However, in the case of people who do not need help, subjective health had a greater weight in the predictions. This paper’s findings support the greater importance of the characteristics of the physical and social environment, as people’s functional status worsens, with friendliness being an explanatory factor for people’s well-being as they age and their dependency increases.post-print399 K

Physical Activity, Resilience, Sense of Coherence and Coping in People with Multiple Sclerosis in the Situation Derived from COVID-19

The confinement forced by COVID-19 can have repercussions on the health of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between physical activity, a sense of coherence, resilience and coping among people diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis during the health emergency situation. To achieve this goal, this transversal descriptive study included 84 patients that belonged to multiple sclerosis associations during the period of confinement. Participants filled out the Physical Activity (IPAQ-SF), Sense of Coherence (SOC-13), Resilience Scale (ER-14) and coping (COPE-28) questionnaires. The results showed that the average age was 46.9 and that 67.9% had Relapsing Remittent Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed on average 13.9 years ago. They had a high degree (33.3%) and moderate degree (34.5%) of physical activity, high levels of resilience, while the level of a sense of coherence was average and the most commonly used strategies for coping were active confrontation and religion. Physical activity was not related to the rest of the studied variables, but there were correlations between the other variables. The people with multiple sclerosis who belong to patient associations have remained physically active during the obligatory confinement period and have elevated degrees of resilience and an average sense of coherence, as well as using suitable coping strategies, which is why the social-health resource of belonging to a patient association could be boosting these variables that are beneficial to their health.S

¿Disminuye el Estrés Generado en la Sala de Disección la Formación sobre la Muerte y el Moribundo?

Positive effects on reducing students’ stress have been reported across numerous university settings when anatomy preparatory seminars have been provided. To date, this type of preparation for coping with cadaver dissection has not been studied in Spanish universities. The aim of this study is to evaluate how first-year Spanish medical students face the dissecting room and whether previous preparation about death and dying reduces the stress generated. We performed an interventional study with students who received preparatory classes before the dissection practices (Experimental Group, EG) and with students who did not (Control Group, CG). Sociodemographic data and a self-assessment on stress symptoms were collected through a questionnaire completed before and after the dissection practices. No differences were found in the self-report of symptoms of stress among students who consider themselves religious or not, or between students who had a family member in the healthcare environment or not. However, in the EG, the students who had ample experience with terminally ill patients or death reported fewer stress symptoms. Unexpectedly, the number of self- reported stress symptoms after the dissection practice was higher in EG students. In conclusion the stress levels of first-year Spanish medical students not only did not improve after receiving preparatory classes about death and dying and discussion groups, but it gets worse. We found a relationship between student stress measured and experience with terminally ill patients or death. Additional studies are needed to identify the most suitable preparation for Spanish medical students.Se han informado efectos positivos en la reducción del estrés en los estudiantes de numerosos entornos universitarios cuando se han impartido seminarios preparatorios de anatomía. Hasta la fecha, este tipo de preparación para hacer frente a la disección del cadáver no se ha estudiado en las universidades españolas. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo los estudiantes de medicina españoles de primer año se enfrentan a la sala de disección y si la preparación previa sobre la muerte y el moribundo reduce el estrés generado. Realizamos un estudio de intervención con estudiantes que recibieron clases preparatorias antes de las prácticas de disección (Grupo Experimental, GE) y con estudiantes que no las recibieron (Grupo de Control, GC). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y síntomas de estrés mediante un cuestionario de autoevaluación antes y después de las prácticas de disección. No se encontraron diferencias en los síntomas de estrés valorados, entre los estudiantes que se consideran religiosos y los que no, ni tampoco entre los estudiantes que tenían o no un familiar en el entorno sanitario. Sin embargo, en el GE, en los estudiantes que tenían una amplia experiencia con pacientes con enfermedades terminales o con la muerte se observaron menos sín- tomas de estrés. Inesperadamente, el número de síntomas de estrés recogidos después de la práctica de disección fue mayor en los estudiantes del GE. En conclusión, los niveles de estrés de los es- tudiantes españoles de medicina de primer año no solo no mejora- ron después de recibir las clases preparatorias sobre la muerte y el moribundo y establecer grupos de discusión, sino que empeoraron. Encontramos una relación entre la medición del estrés en los estudiantes y la experiencia con pacientes con enfermedades ter- minales o con la muerte. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para identificar la preparación más adecuada para los estudiantes de medicina españoles.Unidad Docente de Anatomía y EmbriologíaFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu

Aprendizaje-servicio para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedad en la población infantil

[ES] El presente proyecto de innovación docente consistió en una actividad de aprendizaje-servicio, basada en la metodología de acción participativa, llevada a cabo con estudiantes de los grados en Enfermería y Fisioterapia del Campus de Ponferrada. Objetivos: Con el diseño y puesta en práctica del proyecto, se pretendió desarrollar un aprendizaje significativo, adquirir diversas competencias transversales y específicas de cada titulación, así como aumentar su nivel de empatía y compromiso social. Descripción de la innovación: Los estudiantes, en el marco de distintas asignaturas de la titulación, diseñaron y llevaron a cabo diversos talleres de educación para la salud y promoción de hábitos de vida saludables destinados a escolares de primero y sexto de primaria de la ciudad de Ponferrada. Los talleres versaron sobre la promoción de la actividad física, la igualdad de géneros, la protección solar, el lavado de manos y los primeros auxilios. Principales resultados: Participaron un total de 67 estudiantes y 236 escolares. El 96,2% de los escolares mostraron satisfacción máxima con los talleres. A nivel de los estudiantes universitarios, los resultados medidos a través de la escala de empatía “Interpersonal Reactivity Index”, mostraron un cambio significativo en la dimensión de estrés personal, en la que hubo una disminución de la puntuación tras la actividad en la muestra total (p=0.006) y en el grupo de las mujeres (p=0.018). Los estudiantes, además de adquirir y consolidar resultados de aprendizaje específicos, manifestaron trabajar competencias relacionadas con la motivación por el trabajo, las relaciones interpersonales y el trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: El aprendizaje-servicio se presenta como una estrategia interesante a nivel universitario. El aprendizaje significativo aporta a los universitarios una satisfacción y recompensa personal. En esta experiencia, se produjeron cambios significativos en la dimensión de estrés personal, factor fundamental para la toma de decisiones ante situaciones estresantes

A family study on first episode of psychosis patients: exploring neuropsychological performance as an endophenotype

Introduction: Family studies provide a suitable approach to analyzing candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia, including cognitive features. Objective: To characterize different neurocognitive functions in a group of patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP), their first-degree relatives (parents and siblings), and healthy controls (HC), in order to identify potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Methods: Participants were assessed in the context of a national project in Spain called PAFIP-FAMILIAS. They completed the same neuropsychological battery, which included tests of verbal memory, visual memory, processing speed, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, attention, and theory of mind. Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by tests of multiple comparisons when appropriate. Results: One hundred thirty-three FEP patients were included, as well as 244 of their first-degree relatives (146 parents and 98 siblings) and 202 HC. In general, relatives showed an intermediate performance between the HC and the FEP patients in all neurocognitive domains. However, the domains of executive functions and attention stood out, as relatives (especially parents) showed similar performance to FEP patients. This was replicated when selecting patients subsequently diagnosed with schizophrenia and their relatives. Conclusion: These findings suggest that executive and attention dysfunctions might have a family aggregation and could be relevant cognitive endophenotypes for psychotic disorders. The study shows the potential of exploring intra-family neuropsychological performance supporting neurobiological and genetic research in SSD.Funding information: Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla; Universidad de Cantabria Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank the PAFIP-FAMILIAS research team, and especially all the patients and their relatives who participated in the study. The PAFIP-FAMILIAS project received funding from the Carlos III Health Institute (FIS PI17/00221). Additionally, this work was supported by a Miguel Servet contract from the Carlos III Health Institute (Dr. Rosa Ayesa-Arriola) (CP18/00003), and a predoctoral contract (Nancy Murillo-Garcia) from the Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute and the University of Cantabria (BOC49, REF. IDI-13)

Desarrollo de un sistema interactivo para el estudio de la órbita y su contenido: anatomía microscópica

Se ha desarrollado un sistema interactivo para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la docencia de la anatomía microscópica de la órbita y su contenido, a través de preparaciones histológicas. Se pretende facilitar el aprendizaje de forma autónoma en español e inglés y, la autoevaluación sobre los conocimientos adquiridos

Alteration of medial-edge epithelium cell adhesion in two Tgf-β3 null mouse strains

Although palatal shelf adhesion is a crucial event during palate development, little work has been carried out to determine which molecules are responsible for this process. Furthermore, whether altered palatal shelf adhesion causes the cleft palate presented by Tgf-β3 null mutant mice has not yet been clarified. Here, we study the presence/distribution of some extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules at the time of the contact of palatal shelves in both wild-type and Tgf-β3 null mutant palates of two strains of mice (C57/BL/6J (C57), and MF1) that develop cleft palates of different severity. We have performed immunohistochemistry with antibodies against collagens IV and IX, laminin, fibronectin, the α5- and β1-integrins, and ICAM-1; in situ hybridization with a Nectin-1 riboprobe; and palatal shelf cultures treated or untreated with TGF-β3 or neutralizing antibodies against fibronectin or the α5-integrin. Our results show the location of these molecules in the wild-type mouse medial edge epithelium (MEE) of both strains at the time of the contact of palatal shelves; the heavier (C57) and milder (MF1) alteration of their presence in the Tgf-β3 null mutants; the importance of TGF-β3 to restore their normal pattern of expression; and the crucial role of fibronectin and the α5-integrin in palatal shelf adhesion. We thus provide insight into the molecular bases of this important process and the cleft palate presented by Tgf-β3 null mutant mice

Tomando medidas ante la COVID-19: Virtualización de las prácticas de Aparato Locomotor en las asignaturas que imparte el Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología en las titulaciones de Medicina, Fisioterapia, Podología y Terapia Ocupacional

desarrollo de un sistema interactivo para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la docencia de las prácticas del Aparato Locomotor, que pudiera ser utilizado por los alumnos de Grado de Fisioterapia, Medicina, Podología y Terapia Ocupacional, titulaciones en las que el Aparato Locomotor tiene una importante presencia en sus temarios de prácticas

Programación infográfica para la representación de los huesos y articulaciones del miembro inferior

Desarrollo de una infografía con los huesos y articulaciones del miembro inferior para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la docencia de la anatomía topográfica de estas estructuras a través del campus virtual (Grados de CC. de la Salud)