Necrópolis en cueva y asentamientos neolíticos en torno a la depresión de Granada

Jornadas de Jóvenes en Investigación Arqueológica, JIA (3as : 5-7 de mayo 2010 : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). Sesión 5. Arqueología de la muerte.En torno a la Depresión de Granada se articulan un importante número de yacimientos neolíticos. La mayoría se sitúan en los rebordes montañosos, por un lado cuevas que han venido relacionándose con contextos de habitación, y por otra parte, yacimientos al aire libre establecidos en las tierras fértiles de las zonas llanas o cercanas a cursos continuos de agua. En el presente trabajo se analizan la viabilidad de habitación de los yacimientos en cueva, y además se plantea cual debió ser su función y el patrón de asentamiento para estas primeras comunidades productoras.Around the Granada Depression are found a large number of important Neolithic sites. Most of the sites located in the mountain ranges, on the one side caves that have been interpreted as room settings, on the other side are established outdoor settlements in the fertile lands of the plains, or near-continuous courses of water. This paper analyzes the posibility of the cave being the habitat, also raises the question as to what was to be their function and settlement pattern for these first producing communities.Al voltant de la Depressió de Granada s'articula un nombre important de jaciments neolítics. La majoria es situen a les vessants muntanyoses, per una banda coves que han vingut relacionant-se amb contextos d'habitació, i per una altra banda, jaciments a l'aire lliure establerts en les terres fèrtils de les zones planes o properes a cursos continus d'aigua. En el present treball s'analitzen la viabilitat d'habitació dels jaciments en cova, i a més es planteja quina va ser la funció i el patró d'assentament per aquestes primeres comunitats productores

Life and Death of the Macrolithic Tools from the Third-millennium cal. BC Necropolis of La Orden-Seminario in Southwest Spain

Macrolithic tools are linked to daily activities and, fundamentally, to settlements, hence their importance for the study of Late Prehistoric societies. However, these objects are also associated with funerary contexts, but have not often been analysed holistically. This paper studies an assemblage of macrolithic elements from three collective tombs from the third millennium cal. BC at the site of La Orden-Seminario (Huelva, Spain), from a theoretical and methodological perspective based on the biography of the object. Our analysis focuses on typology, raw materials, technology, function and burial context. The results show that the tools can be linked to domestic activities such as the grinding of cereals and the processing of plant materials, as well as for the production and maintenance of the elements used in these activities. The analysed objects display long biographies of use and, in some cases, we have documented intentional breakage for their deposition in the tombs. The patterns of deposition in the funerary contexts reflect social practices related to the ritual and symbolic behaviours surrounding death and the relationship with everyday objects.This study has been carried out within the framework of the R+D+i Project ‘MEGA-LITHOS. Geo-archaeological study methods for the investigation of the Huelva megalithisms’ (UHU-1263153), at the University of Huelva, funded by the Operative Programme ERDF 2014-2020 and the Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Government of Andalusia. The funding of the open access fee has been covered by the University of Huelva, thanks to an agreement with Cambridge University Press. We are grateful to Dr Juan Carlos Vera-Rodríguez for facilitating the study of the materials and Dr Teodosio Donaire Romero for his collaboration in the petrographic analysis. We are grateful for the valuable comments of the anonymous reviewers and the editor, as their suggestions and recommendations have enriched the work. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBU

The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter- gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)

This work was supported by the project “De los museos al territorio: actualizando el estudio de la Cueva de los Murciélagos de Albuñol (Granada)” (MUTERMUR) (Referencia CM/JIN/2021-009) financed by the program of Young Researchers of Comunidad de Madrid (directed by F.M.-S. as the principal investigator). J.S. is funded by Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-028346) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). M.C. is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-026697-I) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). R.P.H., M.H.-O., and A.P.P. are members of the research group 2021-SGR 00190 funded by the AGAUR. R.P.H. is an ICREA academia researcher. M.M.-S. was funded by the Beatriz Galindo program as Junior Distinguished Researcher (BG20/00076).Supplementary TextPlant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perishable nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-preserved hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cultural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.Comunidad de Madrid CM/JIN/2021-009MCIN Ramon y Cajal fellowship RYC2019-028346, RYC2019-026697-IAGAUR. R.P.H. 2021-SGR 00190Junior Distinguished Researcher BG20/0007

EL POBLAMIENTO NEOLÍTICO EN LOS DOMINIOS PENIBÉTICOS DEL PONIENTE GRANADINO

The study approaches the Neolithic caves located in the Penibetic Mountains of Granada province from a new perspective. Although these sites have been traditionally considered as settlements, recent evidence indicates that these caves, most of them from the Early Neolithic period, were used for burials. The general population patterns in the area studied are also considered as part of the general framework of this paper.Se estudian desde nuevos modelos interpretativos las cuevas con registros neolíticos, localizadas en los dominios Penibéticos del Poniente granadino. Considerándose que todas ellas responden más a un status de necrópolis que de hábitats y en su mayoría con una cronología del Neolítico Antiguo con o sin cardial, estando a su vez relacionadas con el poblamiento general de este período, ocurrido en la región objeto de estudio de la Cuenca Alta del Genil

Technology, typology and chronology of Early "Monachil type" elbow fibulae and their Mediterranean relationships

Se estudia una muestra inédita de fíbulas antiguas de codo lisas, de las consideradas “tipo Monachil”, tradicionalmente incluidas en el “grupo sículo” de la Península Ibérica. Se valora su tecnología de elaboración, aleación, tipología y posible cronología. Se comprueba que muestran escasas relaciones con fíbulas de diferentes ámbitos geográficos mediterráneos que, inicialmente, se habían considerado su inspiración.This paper presents a set of unpublished flat elbow fibulae of the “Monachil” type, which belongs to the wider peninsular Sicilian group. We consider their technological elaboration, smelting alloys, typology, and possible chronology, discovering a certain peninsular autonomy and very little relationship with other Mediterranean areas, which were initially considered their place of origin

Un sitio de extracción de mármol para hacer brazaletes: la cantera neolítica de Cortijo Cevico (Ventorros de San José- Loja, Granada)

Stone bracelets of the Early Neolithic (ca. 5500-4800 cal BC) and their production workshops are well documented. Until now, extraction and primary reduction sites were not known from the Iberian Peninsula. This paper presents the survey and excavation of the first marble quarry for the knapping of bracelet preforms in this region, at Cortijo Cevico (Ventorros de San José-Loja, Granada). The regional geological study and raw material characterization, as well as the technological, statistical and experimental analyses, allow us to recognize how exploitation worked, and shed light on the social organization of the first farming communities.Los brazaletes de piedra del Neolítico Antiguo (ca. 5500-4800 cal AC) y los contextos donde se produjeron son relativamente conocidos. Sin embargo, lugares únicamente destinados a la extracción de materia prima y primera transformación no se han documentado en la Península Ibérica. En este trabajo damos a conocer la primera cantera de mármol para la elaboración de preformas para brazaletes. Se presentan los resultados de prospección y excavación en la cantera de Cortijo Cevico (Ventorros de San José-Loja, Granada). El estudio geológico regional y de la materia prima, así como los análisis tecnológicos, estadísticos y experimentales nos permiten reconocer cómo funcionó la explotación y arrojar luz sobre la organización social de las primeras comunidades agropecuarias

IL-12/15/18-induced cell death and mitochondrial dynamics of human NK cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes with potent antitumor functions and, consequently, several NK cell-based strategies have been developed for cancer immunotherapy. A remarkable therapeutic approach is the adoptive transfer of NK cells stimulated with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18. This cytokine stimulation endows NK cells with properties that resemble immunological memory and, for this reason, they are known as cytokine-induced memorylike (CIML) NK cells. Very promising results have been reported in clinical trials and yet, there are still unknown aspects of CIML NK cells. Here, we have conducted a preliminary study of their mitochondrial dynamics. Our results show that upon IL-12/15/18 stimulation the viability of NK cells decreased and an increment in mitochondrial superoxide levels was observed. In addition, we found that mitochondria appeared slightly elongated and their cristae density decreased following IL-12/15/18 stimulation, possibly in a process mediated by the low levels of optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) protein. Interestingly, although mitophagy was slightly impaired, an increase in autophagic flux was observed, which might explain the reduced viability and the accumulation of unfit mitochondria. Our findings could be of relevance in order to design new strategies intended to improve the mitochondrial fitness of IL-12/15/18-stimulated NK cells with the aim of improving their therapeutic efficacy.The research in FB lab was supported by Fundacioı́n AECCSpanish Association Against Cancer Foundation (PROYE16074BORR) and Health Department, Basque Government (2022333018) and BBK Fundazioa (BBK22/3196). The research in LS lab was supported by Italian Cancer Research Association (AIRC) grant IG19991. IT and AA-I are recipient of a predoctoral contract funded by the Department of Education, Basque Government (PRE_2021_2_0215 and PRE_2022_1_0063). AL-P is recipient of a predoctoral contract funded by La Caixa Foundation (100010434; LCF/BQ/DI22/ 11940012). GA-P is recipient of a predoctoral contract funded by Fundacioı́n AECC-Spanish Association Against Cancer Foundation (PRDVZ21440ASTA). GA-P and AA-I are recipient of grants from Jesuı́s de Gangoiti Barrera Foundation (FJGB21/001 and FJBG21/005). AS is recipient of a grant from Margarita Salas program, for the requalification of the Spanish university system 2021-2023, financed by European Union - Next Generation EU. LA is an Ikerbasque Research Fellow and FB is an Ikerbasque Research Professor, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science

MNCD: A New Tool for Classifying Parkinson’s Disease in Daily Clinical Practice

Background and objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder in which the symptoms and prognosis can be very different among patients. We propose a new simple classification to identify key symptoms and staging in PD. Patients and Methods: Sixteen movement disorders specialists from Spain participated in this project. The classification was consensually approved after a discussion and review process from June to October 2021. The TNM classification and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were considered as models in the design. Results: The classification was named MNCD and included 4 major axes: (1) motor symptoms; (2) non-motor symptoms; (3) cognition; (4) dependency for activities of daily living (ADL). Motor axis included 4 sub-axes: (1) motor fluctuations; (2) dyskinesia; (3) axial symptoms; (4) tremor. Four other sub-axes were included in the non-motor axis: (1) neuropsychiatric symptoms; (2) autonomic dysfunction; (3) sleep disturbances and fatigue; (4) pain and sensory disorders. According to the MNCD, 5 stages were considered, from stage 1 (no disabling motor or non-motor symptoms with normal cognition and independency for ADL) to 5 (dementia and dependency for basic ADL). Conclusions: A new simple classification of PD is proposed. The MNCD classification includes 4 major axes and 5 stages to identify key symptoms and monitor the evolution of the disease in patients with PD. It is necessary to apply this proof of concept in a properly designed study

Present and future of parkinson’s disease in Spain: Parkinson-2030 delphi project

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive and irreversible disease and the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. In Spain, it affects around 120.000–150.000 individuals, and its prevalence is estimated to increase in the future. PD has a great impact on patients’ and caregivers’ lives and also entails a substantial socioeconomic burden. The aim of the present study was to examine the current situation and the 10-year PD forecast for Spain in order to optimize and design future management strategies. This study was performed using the modified Delphi method to try to obtain a consensus among a panel of movement disorders experts. According to the panel, future PD management will improve diagnostic capacity and follow-up, it will include multidisciplinary teams, and innovative treatments will be developed. The expansion of new technologies and studies on biomarkers will have an impact on future PD management, leading to more accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and individualized therapies. However, the socio-economic impact of the disease will continue to be significant by 2030, especially for patients in advanced stages. This study highlighted the unmet needs in diagnosis and treatment and how crucial it is to establish recommendations for future diagnostic and therapeutic management of PD.This project was funded by Zambon S.A.U