La familia multiproblemática y el modelo sistémico

En este artículo se revisa las aportaciones de distintos autores al concepto de Familia Multiproblemática y las dificultades terminológicas que se plantean. Se expone una definición consensuada y las características que definen a estas familias. Desde el modelo sistémico, se expone como evaluar e intervenir tanto en el ámbito de la Salud Mental como en el de los Servicios Sociales.Diverse author’s contributions to the concept of multiproblematic family and the difficulties with terminology are revisited in this article. A consensual definition and the characteristics that these families are outline. It is proposed from systemic model how to assess an intervene in the ambit of Mental Health an Social Service

Cryopreservation of GABAergic neuronal precursors for cell-based therapy

Cryopreservation protocols are essential for stem cells storage in order to apply them in the clinic. Here we describe a new standardized cryopreservation protocol for GABAergic neural precursors derived from the medial glanglionic eminence (MGE), a promising source of GABAergic neuronal progenitors for cell therapy against interneuron-related pathologies. We used 10% Me2 SO as cryoprotectant and assessed the effects of cell culture amplification and cellular organization, as in toto explants, neurospheres, or individualized cells, on post-thaw cell viability and retrieval. We confirmed that in toto cryopreservation of MGE explants is an optimal preservation system to keep intact the interneuron precursor properties for cell transplantation, together with a high cell viability (>80%) and yield (>70%). Postthaw proliferation and self-renewal of the cryopreserved precursors were tested in vitro. In addition, their migration capacity, acquisition of mature neuronal morphology, and potency to differentiate into multiple interneuron subtypes were also confirmed in vivo after transplantation. The results show that the cryopreserved precursor features remained intact and were similar to those immediately transplanted after their dissection from the MGE. We hope this protocol will facilitate the generation of biobanks to obtain a permanent and reliable source of GABAergic precursors for clinical application in cell-based therapies against interneuronopathies.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad 09-07746 y 12-36853Junta de Andalucía CTS- 256

Gut Microbiota of Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings is a Mixture of Those of Their Foster Magpie Siblings and of Cuckoo Adults

Diet and host genetic or evolutionary history are considered the two main factors determining gut microbiota of animals, although studies are scarce in natural populations. The system of great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) parasitizing magpies (Pica pica) is ideal to study both effects since magpie adults feed cuckoo and magpie nestlings with the same diet and, consequently, differences in gut microbiota of nestlings of these two species will mainly reflect the importance of genetic components. Moreover, the diet of adults and of nestling cuckoos drastically differ from each other and, thus, differences and similarities in their microbiotas would respectively reflect the effect of environmental and genetic factors. We used next-generation sequencing technologies to analyze the gut microbiota of cuckoo adults and nestlings and of magpie nestlings. The highest -diversity estimates appeared in nestling cuckoos and the lowest in nestling magpies. Moreover, despite the greatest differences in the microbiome composition of magpies and cuckoos of both ages, cuckoo nestlings harbored a mixture of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in adult cuckoos and nestling magpies. We identified the bacterial taxa responsible for such results. These results suggest important phylogenetic components determining gut microbiome of nestlings, and that diet might be responsible for similarities between gut microbiome of cuckoo and magpie nestlings that allow cuckoos to digest food provided by magpie adults.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and European (FEDER) funds (CGL2017-83103-P)

Responsabilidad social: perspectiva del alumnado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas

[Resumen] En esta comunicación se recoge la perspectiva del alumnado perteneciente a primero del grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa, en la Universidade da Coruña durante el curso 2016-2017, en torno a la responsabilidad social. Este trabajo está dividido en tres fases, la primera, la recogida de información cuantitativa mediante un cuestionario estructurado, la segunda, el desarrollo de un trabajo cualitativo por parte del alumnado y la última fase, exposición y reflexión oral del alumnado en torno a la temática. En la primera fase de este trabajo se analiza el grado de conocimiento del concepto de la responsabilidad social; la identificación de las dimensiones de la responsabilidad social; la principal finalidad que percibe el alumnado para llevar a cabo políticas de responsabilidad social en las organizaciones; la clasificación de los sectores según su grado de implicación en materia de responsabilidad social (entre los que se encuadra la educación en comparación con otros sectores); la importancia de los requisitos para clasificar a las organizaciones como socialmente responsables; y los programas en los que desearía participar el alumnado una vez que finalicen sus estudios en la universidad

The microbiome of the uropygial secretion in hoopoes is shaped along the nesting phase

Microbial symbiont acquisition by hosts may determine the effectiveness of the mutualistic relationships. A mix of vertical and horizontal transmission may be advantageous for hosts by allowing plastic changes of microbial communities depending on environmental conditions. Plasticity is well known for gut microbiota but is poorly understood for other symbionts of wild animals. We here explore the importance of environmental conditions experienced by nestling hoopoes (Upupa epops) during the late nesting phase determining microbiota in their uropygial gland. In cross-fostering experiments of 8 days old nestlings, “sibling-sibling” and “mother-offspring” comparisons were used to explore whether the bacterial community naturally established in the uropygial gland of nestlings could change depending on experimental environmental conditions (i.e., new nest environment). We found that the final microbiome of nestlings was mainly explained by nest of origin. Moreover, cross-fostered nestlings were more similar to their siblings and mothers than to their stepsiblings and stepmothers. We also detected a significant effect of nest of rearing, suggesting that nestling hoopoes acquire most bacterial symbionts during the first days of life but that the microbiome is dynamic and can be modified along the nestling period depending on environmental conditions. Estimated effects of nest of rearing, but also most of those of nest of origin are associated to environmental characteristics of nests, which are extended phenotypes of parents. Thus, natural selection may favor the acquisition of appropriated microbial symbionts for particular environmental conditions found in nests.Support by funding was provided by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, European funds (FEDER) (CGL2013-48193-C3-1-P, CGL2013-48193-C3-2-P), and Junta de Andalucía (P09-RNM-4557). AM-G had a predoctoral grant from the Junta de Andalucía (P09-RNM-4557).Peer reviewe

Influence of the Type of Diet on the Incidence of Pathogenic Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Faeces in Mice

A comparative study on potential risks was carried out in a collection of 50 enterococci isolated from faeces of mice fed a standard or a high-fat diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil or butter, at the beginning, after six weeks and after twelve weeks of experiments. Strains were biochemically assessed and genetically characterized. E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus were the most frequently isolated species in any diet and time points. Apart from the fact of not having isolated any strain from the virgin olive oil group during the last balance, we found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among the diets in the percentage of antibiotic resistance and in the presence of the enterococcal surface protein gene (esp), as well as a tendency (p < 0.1) for the presence of the tyrosine decarboxylase gene (tdc) to increase over time in the group of isolates from the standard diet. When the resistance of the strains to virgin or refined olive oil was studied, only the group of enterococci from high fat diets showed a significantly higher percentage of resistance to refined olive oil (p < 0.05), while both types of oil equally inhibited those isolated from the standard diet (p > 0.05).This research was funded by University of Jaén (PP2009/13/03) (to IP) and Junta de Andalucía (PI Excelencia_2010 AGR 6340) (to M.M.-C)

Resiliencia de la prensa local impresa frente a la sociedad digital

Printed editions of local press show significant resilience to the impact of the digital society within the Spanish market for printed publications. By number of mastheads and total circulation, these have proven to be the driving force of the Spanish press, as reflected on the number of deep-rooted centennial titles. Disaggregated analysis of their circulation data, using descriptive statistics applied to time series (2001-2018) data from OJD, strengthens the historic difference between the Northern and Southern regions of Spain, where the first one shows higher adaptability and a better fit with digital media consumption.; Las ediciones impresas de la prensa local presentan, en el mercado español de publicaciones periódicas en papel, cierta resiliencia al impacto de la sociedad digital. Por número de cabeceras y difusión total, constituyen el motor de la prensa española, donde gozan del arraigo que se refleja en su número de títulos centenarios. El análisis desagregado de su difusión, mediante estadística descriptiva aplicada a series temporales (2001-2018), con datos de OJD, indica una significativa diferencia entre el Norte y el Sur de España, donde el primero muestra más capacidad de adaptación e hibrida mejor con el consumo digital