Modelos del Manejo Integrado de Zonas Costeras: Análisis Comparativo y Propuesta de Adopción para el Caso de Akumal (México)

Coastal zones are distinguished as areas where natural conditions and resources compete, evidently limited, in a great diversity of socioeconomic activities. In this context, several conceptual and methodological models have been developed and are used in parallel at the moment and the application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). In this document, from the literature review and the critical analysis, the appearance and evolution of several models that have been proposed, in different countries and contexts, for the adoption and implementation of the MIZC are discussed. From this review and analysis, and other methods, which included the consultation of experts and the development of technical workshops, the general principles and elements are identified for the use of these models in the local context of Akumal in the Riviera Maya in the Mexican Caribbean. As conclusions, the diversity and most characteristic features of the main ICZM models are recognized, in different countries and regions, which have been promoted from different areas, linked to international organizations, national and academic institutions, or from practical applications and practical experiences. It is argued that the ICZM, through its different models, has shaped at present as a “philosophy” and a conceptual-methodological operative doctrine, with capacity for evolution and renewal, and high application value. It also reaffirmed that, that the challenge to face is the transition from the elaboration of characterizations and diagnoses of ecosystems and coastal conflicts, towards the conformation and implementation of ICZM programs, particularly at a local level, agreed with governments and authorities, all with broad participation of all the actors involved. Finally, the role of the ICZM pilot experiences is insisted on, which allows us to move towards a theory of changes based on concrete results, and in this sense the Akumal locality is distinguished, and the essential principles and elements to be considered are proposed, from the Olsen-ECOCOSTAS-LOICZ model, to move towards the adoption of an ICZM.Las zonas costeras se distinguen como áreas donde se compite por condiciones y recursos naturales, evidentemente limitados, y una gran diversidad de actividades socioeconómicas. En este contexto, se han venido desarrollando, y se utilizan de forma paralela actualmente, varios y diferenciados modelos conceptuales-metodológicos y de aplicación del ManejoIntegrado de Zonas Costeras (MIZC). En este trabajo se discute, desde la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis crítico, laaparición y evolución de varios modelos que han sido propuestos en diferentes países y contextos, para la adopción eimplementación del MIZC. A partir de esta revisión y análisis y de otros métodos, que incluyeron la consulta a expertosy el desarrollo de talleres técnicos, se identifican los principios y elementos generales para la utilización de estos modelosen el contexto local de Akumal, en la Riviera Maya del Caribe Mexicano. Como conclusión se reconoce la diversidad y rasgos más característicos de los principales modelos de MIZC en diferentes países y regiones, los que han sido promovidos desde distintos ámbitos vinculados a organizaciones internacionales, institucionales nacionales y académicos, o desde aplicaciones y experiencias prácticas concretas. Se argumenta que el MIZC, a través de sus diferentes modelos, se ha conformado en la actualidad como una “filosofía” y una doctrina conceptual-metodológica operativa, con capacidad de evolución y renovación, y de alto valor de aplicación. También se reafirma que el reto a enfrentar, es la transición de la elaboración de caracterizaciones y diagnósticos de los ecosistemas y conflictos costeros hacia la conformación e implementación de programas de MIZC, particularmente a escala local, concertados con los gobiernos y autoridades, y sobre todo con amplia participación de todos los actores involucrados. Finalmente, se insiste en el rol de las experiencias pilotos de MIZC, que permitan avanzar hacia una teoría de los cambios basada en resultados concretos y en este sentido se distingue a la localidad de Akumal, y se proponen los principios y elementos esenciales a considerar, a partir del modelo de Olsen-ECOCOSTAS-LOICZ, para avanzar hacia la adopción del MIZC en la misma

Models of Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Comparative Analysis and Adoption Proposal in the Case of Akumal (Mexico)

Las zonas costeras se distinguen como áreas donde se compite por condiciones y recursos naturales, evidentemente limitados, y una gran diversidad de actividades socioeconómicas. En este contexto, se han venido desarrollando, y se utilizan de forma paralela actualmente, varios y diferenciados modelos conceptuales-metodológicos y de aplicación del Manejo Integrado de Zonas Costeras (MIZC). En este trabajo se discute, desde la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis crítico, la aparición y evolución de varios modelos que han sido propuestos en diferentes países y contextos, para la adopción e implementación del MIZC. A partir de esta revisión y análisis y de otros métodos, que incluyeron la consulta a expertos y el desarrollo de talleres técnicos, se identifican los principios y elementos generales para la utilización de estos modelos en el contexto local de Akumal, en la Riviera Maya del Caribe Mexicano. Como conclusión se reconoce la diversidad y rasgos más característicos de los principales modelos de MIZC en diferentes países y regiones, los que han sido promovidos desde distintos ámbitos vinculados a organizaciones internacionales, institucionales nacionales y académicos, o desde aplicaciones y experiencias prácticas concretas. Se argumenta que el MIZC, a través de sus diferentes modelos, se ha conformado en la actualidad como una “filosofía” y una doctrina conceptual-metodológica operativa, con capacidad de evolución y renovación, y de alto valor de aplicación. También se reafirma que el reto a enfrentar, es la transición de la elaboración de caracterizaciones y diagnósticos de los ecosistemas y conflictos costeros hacia la conformación e implementación de programas de MIZC, particularmente a escala local, concertados con los gobiernos y autoridades, y sobre todo con amplia participación de todos los actores involucrados. Finalmente, se insiste en el rol de las experiencias pilotos de MIZC, que permitan avanzar hacia una teoría de los cambios basada en resultados concretos y en este sentido se distingue a la localidad de Akumal, y se proponen los principios y elementos esenciales a considerar, a partir del modelo de Olsen-ECOCOSTAS-LOICZ, para avanzar hacia la adopción del MIZC en la misma

Health-related quality of life and determinant factors in celiac disease. A population-based analysis of adult patients in Spain

Background: Celiac disease (CD) has a negative impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of affected patients. Although HRQL and its determinants have been examined in Spanish CD patients specifically recruited in hospital settings, these aspects of CD have not been assessed among the general Spanish population. Methods: An observational, transversal study of a non-randomized, representative sample of adult celiac patients throughout all of Spain's Autonomous Regions. Subjects were recruited through celiac patient associations. A Spanish version of the self-administered Celiac Disease-Quality of Life (CD-QOL) questionnaire was used. Determinant factors of HRQL were assessed with the aid of multivariate analysis to control for confounding factors. Results: We analyzed the responses provided by 1,230 patients, 1,092 (89.2%) of whom were women. The overall mean value for the CD-QOL index was 56.3 ± 18.27 points. The dimension that obtained the most points was dysphoria, with 81.3 ± 19.56 points, followed by limitations with 52.3 ± 23.43 points; health problems, with 51.6 ± 26.08 points, and inadequate treatment, with 36.1 ± 21.18 points. Patient age and sex, along with time to diagnosis, and length of time on a gluten-free diet were all independent determinant factors of certain dimensions of HRQL: women aged 31 to 40 expressed poorer HRQL while time to diagnosis and length of time on a gluten-free diet were determinant factors for better HRQL scores. Conclusions: The HRQL of adult Spanish celiac subjects is moderate, improving with the length of time patients remain on a gluten-free diet

Cosmology with the SKA: theoretical prospectives

We briefly review the context of the SKA in the panorama of modern Cosmology. The SKA will undoubtedly be one of the most powerful tools for Cosmology during the first half of the XXIst century. Many of the fundamental questions of modern Cosmology, such as the nature of the dark energy and dark matter that dominate the dynamics of the Universe, will be answered by SKA-driven science. Moreover, SKA will shed light on many aspects of large-scale structure growth and galaxy formation as well as fundamental Physics regarding the early Universe, inflation and tests of General Relativity.The authors acknowledge partial support from the Spanish MINECO through projects AYA2013- 48623-C2-2, AYA2007-68058-C03-01, AYA2010-21766-C03-02, AYA2012-30789 and the Consolider-Ingenio projects CSD2010-00064 (EPI: Exploring the Physics of Inflation) and CSD2009-00064 (MultiDark), and from the Generalitat Valenciana through grants PROMETEOII/2014/060 and PROMETEOII/2014/084. RAL acknowledges the Spanish grant FPA2014-58183-P. CHM acknowledges the support of the Ramón y Cajal fellowship RyC 2011 148062 awarded by the Spanish MICINN and the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant CIG 294183.Peer reviewe

Aplicación de la tecnología audiovisual a la docencia de Fisiología y Toxicología, elaboración de vídeo animado de la fisiología de l anegrona y del afisiopatología del fracaso renal agudo de origen tóxico III

Memoria ID-0255. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Urinary transferrin pre-emptively identifies the risk of renal damage posed by subclinical tubular alterations

Nephrotoxicity is an important limitation to the clinical use of many drugs and contrast media. Drug nephrotoxicity occurs in acute, subacute and chronic manifestations ranging from glomerular, tubular, vascular and immunological phenotypes to acute kidney injury. Pre-emptive risk assessment of drug nephrotoxicity poses an urgent need of precision medicine to optimize pharmacological therapies and interventional procedures involving nephrotoxic products in a preventive and personalized manner. Biomarkers of risk have been identified in animal models, and risk scores have been proposed, whose clinical use is abated by their reduced applicability to specific etiological models or clinical circumstances. However, our present data suggest that the urinary level of transferrin may be indicative of risk of renal damage, where risk is induced by subclinical tubular alterations regardless of etiology. In fact, urinary transferrin pre-emptively correlates with the subsequent renal damage in animal models in which risk has been induced by drugs and toxins affecting the renal tubules (i.e. cisplatin, gentamicin and uranyl nitrate); whereas transferrin shows no relation with the risk posed by a drug affecting renal hemodynamics (i.e. cyclosporine A). Our experiments also show that transferrin increases in the urine in the risk state (i.e. prior to the damage) precisely as a consequence of reduced tubular reabsorption. Finally, urinary transferrin pre-emptively identifies subpopulations of oncological and cardiac patients at risk of nephrotoxicity. In perspective, urinary transferrin might be further explored as a wider biomarker of an important mechanism of predisposition to renal damage induced by insults causing subclinical tubular alterations.Research from the authors’ laboratory supporting part of the information incorporated into this article was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/01776, DT15S/00166, PI15/01055 and PI17/01979, and Retic RD016/0009/0025, REDINREN), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (IPT-2012-0779-010000), Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Sanidad, BIO/SA20/14, BIO/SA66/15; and Consejería de Educación, SA359U14), and FEDER funds

The risk of incident depression when assessed with the lifestyle and well-being index

Objectives: Novel findings indicate links between unhealthy lifestyles and depression based on active inflammatory processes. Thus, identifying participants with poor habits could reveal differences in trends of incident depression. This study aimed to examine the association between an objective lifestyle assessment, as measured by the Lifestyle and Well-Being Index (LWB-I), and incident depression in healthy participants of a Spanish cohort. Study design: This was a longitudinal analysis of a subsample of 10,063 participants from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort study. Methods: Group comparisons and Cox proportional hazard models were conducted using the LWB-I, which categorizes the sample into groups with healthy and unhealthy lifestyles and well-being. The main outcome was incident depression as well as secondary outcomes. Results: Those classified to the transition category of LWB-I were associated with a hazard ratio of 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.87), and those in the excellent category showed a hazard ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.58), which in both groups reflects a significantly lower risk of incident depression compared with the group including those classified in the poor LWB-I level. Moreover, the available sensitivity analyses concerning time of depression diagnosis or antidepressant treatment further supported the role of nutrition and physical activity on incident depression. Interestingly, throughout the follow-up, incident depression was inversely related to healthier daily habits as measured by the LWB-I. Conclusions: A global assessment of lifestyles such as the LWB-I provides valuable insight into the complex relationship between lifestyle factors and their link to depression risk.Funding was received from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III , the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER; RD 06/0045, CIBER-OBN, grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, PI17/01795, PI20/00564 and G03/140), the Navarra Regional Government (27/2011, 45/2011, 122/2014), the National Plan on Drugs (2020/021), and the University of Navarra

Urinary transferrin pre-emptively identifies the risk of renal damage posed by subclinical tubular alterations

Nephrotoxicity is an important limitation to the clinical use of many drugs and contrast media. Drug nephrotoxicity occurs in acute, subacute and chronic manifestations ranging from glomerular, tubular, vascular and immunological phenotypes to acute kidney injury. Pre-emptive risk assessment of drug nephrotoxicity posesman urgent need of precision medicine to optimize pharmacological therapies and interventional procedures involving nephrotoxic products in a preventive and personalized manner. Biomarkers of risk have been identified in animal models, and risk scores have been proposed, whose clinical use is abated by their reduced applicability to specific etiological models or clinical circumstances. However, our present data suggest that the urinary level of transferrin may be indicative of risk of renal damage, where risk is induced by subclinical tubular alterations regardless of etiology. In fact, urinary transferrin pre-emptively correlates with the subsequent renal damage in animal models in which risk has been induced by drugs and toxins affecting the renal tubules (i.e. cisplatin, gentamicin and uranyl nitrate); whereas transferrin shows no relation with the risk posed by a drug affecting renal hemodynamics (i.e. cyclosporine A). Our experiments also show that transferrin increases in the urine in the risk state (i.e. prior to the damage) precisely as a consequence of reduced tubular reabsorption. Finally, urinary transferrin pre-emptively identifies subpopulations of oncological and cardiac patients at risk of nephrotoxicity. In perspective, urinary transferrin might be further explored as a wider biomarker of an important mechanism of predisposition to renal damage induced by insults causing subclinical tubular alterations