Caracterización genética de ovinos criollos colombianos

ABSTRACT: indigenous breeds are important for poor farmers because of their natural selection against harsh environments and adaptation to regional conditions. However, inbreeding of indigenous sheep populations has increased in Colombia due to indiscriminate cross-breeding with foreign animals and lack of reproductive controls, with subsequent loss in productivity, which poses a great risk for the conservation of valuable genes. Objective: to determine the genetic diversity in Colombian indigenous sheep by using a panel of 10 microsatellite molecular markers. Methods: blood samples from 362 individuals from 43 farms in 11 Colombian provinces were genotyped and analyzed for a panel of 10 microsatellite markers. Results: a total of 134 alleles were found (13.4 alleles/locus on average) with a range of observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.428 to 0.831 and 0.615 to 0.855, respectively, and 0.742 polymorphic information content (PIC). The average Wright F-statistics (FIS ) of the breeds was 0.107, suggesting moderate levels of inbreeding. Colombian sheep showed a low level of genetic differentiation among breeds (FST = 0.054) and STRUCTURE analysis showed complex patterns of admixture in the breeds. Conclusion: overall, Colombian sheep have high genetic variability, which is very important for future conservation programs and genetic improvement.RESUMEN: las razas animales autóctonas son importantes para los agricultores de escasos recursos a causa de su selección natural contra el duro ambiente y su adaptación a condiciones regionales. Sin embargo en Colombia, debido al cruce indiscriminado con razas foráneas y a la falta de control de la reproducción, ha aumentado la consanguinidad en las poblaciones de ovinos criollos y por lo tanto la pérdida en la productividad, lo que supone un gran riesgo para la conservación de genes valiosos. Objetivo: determinar la diversidad genética en razas criollas de ovinos colombianos utilizando análisis por microsatélites. Métodos: se visitaron 43 granjas localizadas en 11 departamentos del país, en las cuales se tomaron muestras de sangre a 362 individuos. Las muestras fueron genotipadas y analizadas para un panel de 10 marcadores microsatélites. Resultados: un total de 134 alelos fueron encontrados (13,4 alelos/locus en promedio), con un rango de heterocigocidad observada y esperada de 0,428 a 0,831 y 0,615 a 0,855, respectivamente, y un contenido de información polimórfica (PIC) promedio de 0,742. El Wright F-statistics (FIS) promedio de las razas evaluadas fue 0,107, lo cual sugiere que las razas tienen niveles moderados de consanguinidad. Las ovejas colombianas presentaron un bajo grado de diferenciación genética entre las distintas razas (FST = 0,054) y el análisis de STRUCTURE mostro complejos patrones de mezcla en las razas estudiadas. Conclusión: en términos generales, las ovejas colombianas presentan una alta variabilidad genética lo cual es muy importante para futuros programas de conservacion y mejoramiento genetico

La satisfacción del usuario como indicador de calidad en el servicio municipal de deportes. Percepción, análisis y evolución

A longitudinal study will be conducted which can be useful for the benchmarking of future public sports managers. The objectives of this study will be determining the degree of present user satisfaction with communal sports services offered by the city council of Cartagena, analyzing the development of user satisfaction over time, between 1991 and 2015, in order to update quality levels offered by those services and providing a practical example of management that is quality oriented.The global analysis of the dimensions of the survey shows that all resources of the communal sports services determine the quality although some are more important that others concerning the satisfaction of the citizens, the most important part of the organization at both times are the people who provide the service. The data will ensure that decisions will be made to enhance those aspects that were rated the worst by the users and that systems will be applied to secure quality, satisfaction and citizen loyalty to the communal sports services.Abordamos un estudio longitudinal para determinar el grado de satisfacción del usuario con los servicios deportivos municipales del Ayuntamiento de Cartagena, analizar la evolución de la satisfacción a lo largo del tiempo, entre 1991 y 2015, para actualizar los niveles de calidad que ofrecen estos servicios y aportar un caso práctico de gestión orientado a la calidad, que pueda servir al benchmarking de los futuros gestores deportivos públicos.El análisis global de las dimensiones de la encuesta indica que todos los recursos del servicio condicionan la calidad, aunque unos tienen mayor peso que otros en la satisfacción percibida, siendo en ambos periodos, las personas que prestan el servicio lo mejor valorado. Estos datos facilitan la toma de decisiones de mejora sobre los aspectos peor valorados y la aplicación de sistemas para afianzar la calidad, la satisfacción y la fidelización de los ciudadanos al servicio municipal de deportes.

The formation history of our Galaxy's nuclear stellar disc constrained from HST observations of the Quintuplet field

Until recently it was thought that the nuclear stellar disc at the centre of our Galaxy was formed via quasi-continuous star formation over billions of years. However, an analysis of GALACTICNUCLEUS survey data indicates that >80% of the mass of the stellar disc formed at least 8 Gyr ago and about 5% roughly 1 Gyr ago. Our aim is to derive new constraints on the formation history of the nuclear stellar disc. We analysed a catalogue of HST/WFC3-IR observations of the Quintuplet cluster field. From this catalogue, we selected about 24000 field stars that probably belong to the nuclear stellar disc. We used red clump giants to deredden the sample and fit the resulting F153M luminosity function with a linear combination of theoretical luminosity functions created from different stellar evolutionary models. We find that >70% of the stellar population in the nuclear disc probably formed more than 10 Gyr ago, while ~15% formed in an event (or series of events) ~1Gyr ago. Up to 10% of the stars appear to have formed in the past tens to hundreds of Myr. These results do not change significantly for reasonable variations in the assumed mean metallicity, sample selection, reddening correction, or stellar evolutionary models. We confirm previous work that changed the formation paradigm for stars in the Galactic Centre. The nuclear stellar disc is indeed a very old structure. There seems to have been little star formation activity between its formation and about 1 Gyr ago.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Dinámica de la vegetación del Chaco-árido bajo pastoreo caprino con carga animal conocida

Se establece un ensayo experimental para conocer el efecto del pastoreo de ganado caprino sobre la vegetación natural del Chaco-Árido (Argentina) en una superficie de 210 ha utilizando 110 cabras de tipo Criollo regional, con pastoreo diurno continuo, sin utilizar suplementación. Para la evaluación del estrato herbáceo se utiliza el método de Daubenmire (1959), para el estrato arbustivo el de Cottam y Curtis (1956) y para la producción forrajera el de Huss et al. (1986). El estrato herbáceo aumentó su densidad, pasando de 24,5 a 129,1 plantas/m2 , la producción forrajera incrementó significativamente pasando de 343,3 kg a 1525,1 kg de MS/ha en cuatro años. En el estrato arbustivo se produjo un incremento de 3132,9 a 7301,6 plantas/ha, disminuyendo su altura media.An experimental work was carried out to knowing the goat grazing effect on the natural vegetation of Chaco-Arido (Argentina). The total area used was 210 ha and the goat stocking rate was 110 animals of Criollo regional goat biotype, under diurnal continuous grazing system without supplementation. The herbage stratus was evaluated by Daubenmire method (1959), shrubs stratus by Cottan and Curtis method (1956) and for estimation of forage production Huss et al. method (1986) was utilized. Herbage stratus increased plant density from 24.5 to 129.1 plants/m2, forage production increased from 343.3 kg to 1525.1 kg of DM/ha in four years. In shrubs stratus an increase of plant density from 3129 to 7301.6 plants/ha, and a decrease in the average plant height were recorded.EEA Rama CaídaFil: Dayenoff, Patricio Mario. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rama Caída; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Teruel, A. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Veterinaria. Departamento de Producción Animal; EspañaFil: Gallego, J.A. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Veterinaria. Departamento de Producción Animal; EspañaFil: Aguirre, E. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Bolaño, M. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Giovanardi, F. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; Argentin

Using radio astronomical receivers for molecular spectroscopic characterization in astrochemical laboratory simulations: A proof of concept

We present a proof of concept on the coupling of radio astronomical receivers and spectrometers with chemical reactorsand the performances of the resulting setup for spectroscopy and chemical simulations in laboratory astrophysics. Several experiments including cold plasma generation and UV photochemistry were performed in a 40\,cm long gas cell placed in the beam path of the Aries 40\,m radio telescope receivers operating in the 41-49 GHz frequency range interfaced with fast Fourier transform spectrometers providing 2 GHz bandwidth and 38 kHz resolution. The impedance matching of the cell windows has been studied using different materials. The choice of the material and its thickness was critical to obtain a sensitivity identical to that of standard radio astronomical observations. Spectroscopic signals arising from very low partial pressures of CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, HCOOH, OCS,CS, SO2 (<1E-03 mbar) were detected in a few seconds. Fast data acquisition was achieved allowing for kinetic measurements in fragmentation experiments using electron impact or UV irradiation. Time evolution of chemical reactions involving OCS, O2 and CS2 was also observed demonstrating that reactive species, such as CS, can be maintained with high abundance in the gas phase during these experiments.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics in September 21, 2017. 16 pages, 18 figure

On-surface self-organization of a robust metal-organic cluster based on copper(i) with chloride and organosulphur ligands

Direct sublimation of a Cu4Cl4 metal-organic cluster on Cu(110) under ultra-high vacuum allows the formation of ultra-large well-organized metal-organic supramolecular wires. Our results show that the large monomers assemble with each other by π-π interactions connecting dipyrimidine units and are stabilized by the surfaceWe thank Spanish MINECO (Grants: MAT2013-46753-C2-1-P, MAT2013-47878-C2-1-R and MAT2011-26534) for financial support. JIM acknowledges a CSIC-JaeDoc fellowship, cofunded by ES

Less is More: Univariate Modelling to Detect Early Parkinson's Disease from Keystroke Dynamics

We analyse keystroke hold times from typing logs to detect early signs of Parkinson’s disease. We develop a feature that captures the dynamic variation between consecutive keystrokes and demonstrate that it can be be used in a univariate model to perform classification with AUC=0.85 from only a few hundred keystrokes. This is a substantial improvement on the current baseline. We argue that previously proposed methods are based on overcomplicated models—our simpler method is not only more elegant and transparent but also more effective

The formation history of our Galaxy’s nuclear stellar disc constrained from HST observations of the Quintuplet field

This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Context. Until recently it was thought that the nuclear stellar disc at the centre of our Galaxy was formed via quasi-continuous star formation over billions of years. However, an analysis of GALACTICNUCLEUS survey data indicates that > 80% of the mass of the stellar disc formed at least 8 Gyr ago and about 5% roughly 1 Gyr ago. Aims. Our aim is to derive new constraints on the formation history of the nuclear stellar disc. Methods. We analysed a catalogue of HST/WFC3-IR observations of the Quintuplet cluster field. From this catalogue, we selected about 24 000 field stars that probably belong to the nuclear stellar disc. We used red clump giants to deredden the sample and fit the resulting F153M luminosity function with a linear combination of theoretical luminosity functions created from different stellar evolutionary models. Results. We find that ≳70% of the stellar population in the nuclear disc probably formed more than 10 Gyr ago, while ∼15% formed in an event (or series of events) ∼1 Gyr ago. Up to 10% of the stars appear to have formed in the past tens to hundreds of Myr. These results do not change significantly for reasonable variations in the assumed mean metallicity, sample selection, reddening correction, or stellar evolutionary models. Conclusions. We confirm previous work that changed the formation paradigm for stars in the Galactic Centre. The nuclear stellar disc is indeed a very old structure. There seems to have been little star formation activity between its formation and about 1 Gyr ago. © The Authors 2023.RS, AMA, AG, EGC, MCG, and ATGC acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and financial support from national project PGC2018-095049-B-C21 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). M.H. is supported by the Brinson Prize Fellowship. FNL gratefully acknowledges the sponsorship provided by the European Southern Observatory through a research fellowship.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewe

Opacities of Singly and Doubly Ionised Neodymium and Uranium for Kilonova Emission Modeling

Even though the electromagnetic counterpart AT2017gfo to the binary neutron star merger GW170817 is powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei, only few tentative identifications of light r-process elements have been made so far. One of the major limitations for the identification of heavy nuclei is incomplete or missing atomic data. While substantial progress has been made on lanthanide atomic data over the last few years, for actinides there has been less emphasis, with the first complete set of opacity data only recently published. We perform atomic structure calculations of neodymium $(Z=60)$ as well as the corresponding actinide uranium $(Z=92)$. Using two different codes (FAC and HFR) for the calculation of the atomic data, we investigate the accuracy of the calculated data (energy levels and electric dipole transitions) and their effect on kilonova opacities. For the FAC calculations, we optimise the local central potential and the number of included configurations and use a dedicated calibration technique to improve the agreement between theoretical and available experimental atomic energy levels (AELs). For ions with vast amounts of experimental data available, the presented opacities agree quite well with previous estimations. On the other hand, the optimisation and calibration method cannot be used for ions with only few available AELs. For these cases, where no experimental nor benchmarked calculations are available, a large spread in the opacities estimated from the atomic data obtained with the various atomic structure codes is observed.We find that the opacity of uranium is almost double the neodymium opacity.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures. Accepted by MNRA

Transgenic mice overexpressing the full-length neurotrophin receptor TrkC exhibit increased catecholaminergic neuron density in specific brain areas and increased anxiety-like behavior and panic reaction

Accumulating evidence has suggested that neurotrophins participate in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We have developed transgenic mice overexpressing the full-length neurotrophin-3 receptor TrkC (TgNTRK3) in the central nervous system. TgNTRK3 mice show increased anxiety-like behavior and enhancement of panic reaction in the mouse defense test battery, along with an increase in the number and density of catecholaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase positive) neurons in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. Furthermore, treatment of TgNTRK3 mice with diazepam significantly attenuated the anxiety-like behaviors in the plus maze. These results provide evidence for the involvement of TrkC in the development of noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system with consequences on anxiety-like behavior and panic reaction. Thus, changes in TrkC expression levels could contribute to the phenotypic expression of panic disorder through a trophic effect on noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Our results demonstrate that the elevated NT3-TrkC tone via overexpression of TrkC in the brain may constitute a molecular mechanism for the expression of anxiety and anxiety