Canal moderno-una propuesta para el incremento de las ventas en snacks salados frutos secos Nuts & Seeds en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia en estratos 5 y 6.

El tema central de la investigación es entender si por medio de incentivos comerciales o mejor conocidos como incentivos de desarrollo de Trade Marketing las ventas y el valor percibido puede incrementar. EL foco de central para llevar a cabo este análisis es entender que motiva y que características tiene el consumidor Bogotá ubicado en los estratos 5 y 6 y quienes compran por medio del canal moderno. Para entender todos los aspectos que requieren este tipo de consumidor de igual modo es de suma importancia entender al consumidor mismo, sus motivos principales los cuales lo llevan a tomar una decisión de compra y por último el entendimiento de lo que un incentivo hace para una organización y sus beneficios para el consumidor final.Introducción ; 1. Marco teórico ; 2. Revisión de la literatura ; 3. Metodología ; 4. Resultados obtenidos ; Conclusiones y Recomendaciones.Administrador de EmpresasPregrad

Creación de un plan promocional para dar a conocer el proyecto de emprendedores calle la morenita en la Ciudad de Santa Ana

En la actualidad los empresarios deben ser competitivos dentro del mercado deben estar a la vanguardia en el mundo de los negocios, especialmente en el área de marketing para que se logren los objetivos propuestos. Por pequeñas que sean los negocios deben conocer de herramientas que le permitan persuadir, informar y difundir sus productos, servicios y empres

The importance of soft skills-cooperation,problem solving,and adptability in the development of the speaking skill of first year high school students of Bachillerato Industrial at Centro Escolar INSA

In this study, the research team aimed to the importance of the soft skills-cooperation, problem solving and adaptability in the development of the English speaking skill of first year high school students of Bachillerato Tecnico Industrial during the year 2019. In this research study, the investigators presented all actions, instruments they used with the soft skills- cooperation, problem solving, and adaptability to develop the speaking skill in first year high school students. In addition, researchers used the Embedded model and innovative speaking activities making students put into practice all the vocabulary and structures studied in each intervention with them as well. For the achievement of the objectives of this research study, the researchers made and executed a plan of action, including an innovative group of English speaking activities used in the intervention plan. After obtaining the respective results, the researchers analyzed, compared and contrasted the baseline to see the achievement of the objectives. This helped the research team to know if first year high school students had developed their English speaking skill or not. Using these results, researchers could build conclusions and give recommendations at the end of this study

CD43 signals induce Type One lineage commitment of human CD4+ T cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The activation and effector phenotype of T cells depend on the strength of the interaction of the TcR with its cognate antigen and additional signals provided by cytokines and by co-receptors. Lymphocytes sense both the presence of an antigen and also clues from antigen-presenting cells, which dictate the requisite response. CD43 is one of the most abundant molecules on the surface of T cells; it mediates its own signalling events and cooperates with those mediated by the T cell receptor in T cell priming. We have examined the role of CD43 signals on the effector phenotype of adult CD4⁺and CD8⁺human T cells, both alone and in the presence of signals from the TcR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CD43 signals direct the expression of IFNγ in human T cells. In freshly isolated CD4⁺T cells, CD43 signals potentiated expression of the IFNγ gene induced by TcR activation; this was not seen in CD8⁺T cells. In effector cells, CD43 signals alone induced the expression of the IFNγ gene in CD4⁺T cells and to a lesser extent in CD8⁺cells. The combined signals from CD43 and the TcR increased the transcription of the T-bet gene in CD4⁺T cells and inhibited the transcription of the GATA-3 gene in both populations of T cells, thus predisposing CD4⁺T cells to commitment to the T1 lineage. In support of this, CD43 signals induced a transient membrane expression of the high-affinity chains of the receptors for IL-12 and IFNγ in CD4⁺T cells. CD43 and TcR signals also cooperated with those of IL-12 in the induction of IFNγ expression. Moreover, CD43 signals induced the co-clustering of IFNγR and the TcR and cooperated with TcR and IL-12 signals, triggering a co-capping of both receptors in CD4⁺populations, a phenomenon that has been associated with a T1 commitment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest a key role for CD43 signals in the differentiation of human CD4⁺T cells into a T1 pattern.</p

Perception and experiences of the elderly in the Mier y Pesado Foundation

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (2014) define el envejecimiento como un proceso fisiológico que se inicia en la concepción y provoca cambios en las características de una especie a lo largo del ciclo de vida. Objetivo: determinar la percepción del adulto mayor frente a su vida antes y después de ingresar a un centro gerontológico, de los residentes de la fundación Mier y Pesado de Orizaba, Ver., en el periodo agosto 2022- enero 2023. Metodología: Enfoque cualitativa, fenomenológico y enfoque hermenéutico, corte trasversal, con una muestra de 14 residentes de la Fundación Mier y Pesado. Resultados: Datos sociodemográficos: 10 mujeres y 4 hombres. Perspectiva sobre la vida: “La vida es un regalo de dios que nos dio la oportunidad de tener.” La vida antes de ingresar al asilo: “Normal, una vida de casado, ya no vivían los hijos con nosotros, solo con mi esposa.” Experiencia en el asilo: “Una vida muy bonita, jamás vivida por mí, jamás pensé que yo iba a vivir así.” Conclusión: se determina que la percepción que tuvieron los adultos mayores si cambia en su vida antes y después de ser ingresados a un asilo.The World Health Organization (2014) defines aging as a physiological process that begins at conception and causes changes in the characteristics of a species throughout the life cycle. Objective: to determine the perception of the elderly regarding their life before and after entering a gerontological center, of the residents of the Mier y Pesado Foundation of Orizaba, Ver., in the period August 2022- January 2023. Methodology: Qualitative approach, phenomenological and hermeneutic approach, cross section, with a sample of 14 residents of the Mier y Pesado Foundation. Results: Sociodemographic data: 10 women and 4 men. Perspective on life: "Life is a gift from God who gave us the opportunity to have." Life before entering the asylum: "Normal, married life, the children no longer lived with us, only with my wife." Experience in the asylum: "A very beautiful life, never lived by me, I never thought that I would live like this." Conclusion: it is determined that the perception that older adults had does change in their lives before and after being admitted to a nursing home

Baseline ECG and prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the role of interatrial block

Background: The clinical significance of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been described; however, little is known about the influence of baseline ECGs in the prognosis of these patients. Our aim was to study the influence of baseline ECG parameters, including interatrial block (IAB), in the prognosis of patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods and Results: The BIT (Baseline Interatrial Block and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry included 2527 patients with aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. A centralized analysis of baseline ECGs was performed. Patients were divided into 4 groups: normal P wave duration (<120 ms); partial IAB (P wave duration ≥120 ms, positive in the inferior leads); advanced IAB (P wave duration ≥120 ms, biphasic [+/-] morphology in the inferior leads); and nonsinus rhythm (atrial fibrillation/flutter and paced rhythm). The mean age of patients was 82.6±9.8 years and 1397 (55.3%) were women. A total of 960 patients (38.0%) had a normal P wave, 582 (23.0%) had partial IAB, 300 (11.9%) had advanced IAB, and 685 (27.1%) presented with nonsinus rhythm. Mean follow‐up duration was 465±171 days. Advanced IAB was the only independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10-1.98 [P=0.010]) and of the composite end point (death/stroke/new atrial fibrillation) (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17-1.94 [P=0.001]). Conclusions: Baseline ECG characteristics influence the prognosis of patients with aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Advanced IAB is present in about an eighth of patients and is associated with all‐cause death and the composite end point of death, stroke, and new atrial fibrillation during follow‐up

Un examen actualizado de la percepción de las barreras para la implementación de la farmacogenómica y la utilidad de los pares fármaco/gen en América Latina y el Caribe

La farmacogenómica (PGx) se considera un campo emergente en los países en desarrollo. La investigación sobre PGx en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) sigue siendo escasa, con información limitada en algunas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, las extrapolaciones son complicadas, especialmente en poblaciones mixtas. En este trabajo, revisamos y analizamos el conocimiento farmacogenómico entre la comunidad científica y clínica de ALC y examinamos las barreras para la aplicación clínica. Realizamos una búsqueda de publicaciones y ensayos clínicos en este campo en todo el mundo y evaluamos la contribución de ALC. A continuación, realizamos una encuesta regional estructurada que evaluó una lista de 14 barreras potenciales para la aplicación clínica de biomarcadores en función de su importancia. Además, se analizó una lista emparejada de 54 genes/fármacos para determinar una asociación entre los biomarcadores y la respuesta a la medicina genómica. Esta encuesta se comparó con una encuesta anterior realizada en 2014 para evaluar el progreso en la región. Los resultados de la búsqueda indicaron que los países de América Latina y el Caribe han contribuido con el 3,44% del total de publicaciones y el 2,45% de los ensayos clínicos relacionados con PGx en todo el mundo hasta el momento. Un total de 106 profesionales de 17 países respondieron a la encuesta. Se identificaron seis grandes grupos de obstáculos. A pesar de los continuos esfuerzos de la región en la última década, la principal barrera para la implementación de PGx en ALC sigue siendo la misma, la "necesidad de directrices, procesos y protocolos para la aplicación clínica de la farmacogenética/farmacogenómica". Las cuestiones de coste-eficacia se consideran factores críticos en la región. Los puntos relacionados con la reticencia de los clínicos son actualmente menos relevantes. Según los resultados de la encuesta, los pares gen/fármaco mejor clasificados (96%-99%) y percibidos como importantes fueron CYP2D6/tamoxifeno, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioides, DPYD/fluoropirimidinas, TMPT/tiopurinas, CYP2D6/antidepresivos tricíclicos, CYP2C19/antidepresivos tricíclicos, NUDT15/tiopurinas, CYP2B6/efavirenz y CYP2C19/clopidogrel. En conclusión, aunque la contribución global de los países de ALC sigue siendo baja en el campo del PGx, se ha observado una mejora relevante en la región. La percepción de la utilidad de las pruebas PGx en la comunidad biomédica ha cambiado drásticamente, aumentando la concienciación entre los médicos, lo que sugiere un futuro prometedor en las aplicaciones clínicas de PGx en ALC.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC

una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta

Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"

Resolver problemas sociales: hacia una metodología de nodos articuladores (Complexus 11)

Los autores nos comparten sus experiencias y búsquedas, desde sus enfoques teóricos particulares y al mismo tiempo desde un trabajo de interconexión intrauniversitaria para la producción de conocimiento, metodologías y herramientas orientadas a solucionar integralmente problemáticas sociales complejas y con escenarios cambiantes