Los problemas docentes en historia de bachillerato: la gran diversidad bajo la aparente uniformidad

El enunciado expresado arriba podría ser el que resumiera esta investigación: la multiplicidad de soluciones que los docentes han dado, y están dando, a los problemas de enseñanza, desde lo cotidiano1 y desde el anonimato. El estudio de las más de 40.000 descripciones de cerca de 1.500 alumnos, que habían cursado Historia en COU o en el Bachillerato LOGSE, permite observar una multiplicidad de experiencias vividas. El recuerdo de las mismas nos ha permitido acumular un amplio conjunto de datos con los cuales mostrar la variedad de factores que influyen en una clase de Historia, en la cual cobra especial protagonismo la figura del profesor

What makes a citrus farmer go 'organic'? Empirical evidence from Spanish citrus farming

Organic farming is increasing its share of total world food output and receiving growing support from policymakers concerned with agricultural sustainability issues. This paper studies the characteristics of citrus farmers in the Spanish region of Valencia that affect their probability of becoming organic farmers. A fair understanding of these characteristics may help policymakers improve the design of agricultural policies aimed at supporting organic citrus practices. As regards the methodology, a probit model is estimated with information from a sample of conventional and organic citrus farmers obtained from a survey designed for a larger research project aimed at analysing Valencian citrus farming. Our main finding is that university education and agricultural professional training both increase the probability of becoming an organic farmer. Conversely, older farmers, farmers selling their production to foreign markets and those with larger farms and/or managing family farms are less likely to adopt organic citrus farming. The main policy implication is that, in order to support organic citrus production, more attention needs to be paid to improving farmers' technical training and education

Эмбрион человека как социально-правовой критерий оценки соответствия уровня нравственных норм, общественных отношений и социального устройства

HUMAN EMBRYO AS A SOCIO-LEGAL CRITERIA OF EVALUATION OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF MORAL NORMS, SOCIAL RELATIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE. Y. LITVINTSAVAРассматривается одна из основных актуальных проблем современности в рамках брачно-семейных отношений – феномен правового положения статуса эмбриона человека. Отмечается, что умеренные позиции в обществе относительно признания за человеческим эмбрионом права на жизнь значительно разнятся с современным законодательством, в котором, в сущности, отрицается данный факт. Показано, что пренебрежение человеческими правами на начальном внутриутробном периоде развития плода поспособствует формированию негативного отношения и к человеческой жизни в целом после его рождения. Выступая за фиксацию узаконенного статуса человеческого эмбриона, приходим к выводу о необходимости введения дополнений и преобразований различных отраслей законодательства в вопросе теоретического соотношения понятия «эмбрион человека» к терминам «члены семьи» или «близкие родственники». Для более углубленного понимания содержательной основы этих понятий на основе сравнительного анализа за критерий был взят законодательный опыт стран СНГ.= The legal status of the human embryo is one of the main challenges of the modern marriage and family relations. It should be noted that the moderate position in society towards the recognition of the right of the human embryo to life contradicts the current legislation, which denies this phenomenon. Consequently, the negligence of human rights at the early stage of fetal development will contribute to the formation of a negative attitude towards human life in general after birth. Advocating for the legalizatiоn of the human embryo status, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to amend and transform various branches of law in terms of theoretical correlation between the concepts of the “human embryo” and “family members” or “close relatives”. In order to show a more profound meaning of the notions such as “family”, “close relatives” and “family members” the author has conducted comparative analysis of the legislative practice of the CIS countries. The results of the analysis of the foreign legal acts show that the value of the Belarusian termbase shall be improved in terms of theory

Pointing Out Some Issues Regarding Reproduction Management in Murciano-Granadina Goats

[EN] The hypothesis of this experiment proposes that it could be possible to identify pregnant goats through maximum progesterone milk levels at any time in the pregnancy, and that there is an optimal moment to apply a lactation inhibitor to dry off lactating goats. The maximum progesterone concentration in milk varied depending on the season of the year, and those concentrations were similar for pregnant and non-pregnant goats, but significantly higher in the case of gestating goats with four foetuses, for which it would be possible to distinguish the pregnancy. The milk yield of goats at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day. If using lactation inhibitors, their application up to the 10th week post-mating would be optimal for drying off lactating goats. Two of the most important problems in high-yielding dairy goat farms are early and accurate pregnancy diagnosis and the appropriate dry off of lactating does before the next kidding. The hypothesis posits that it could be possible to identify pregnant does through maximum progesterone milk levels at any time during the pregnancy, and that there is an optimal time to apply a lactation inhibitor to help dry off lactating does. Therefore, 114 Murciano-Granadina breed goats were used, from which 74 goats were inseminated at week 20 of lactation and samples of milk from pregnant and non-pregnant goats were taken at two-week intervals. The average maximum progesterone milk levels were higher outside the natural breeding season (40 degrees latitude) than in the breeding season (11.6 +/- 1.13 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.02 ng/mL), although the levels from pregnant and non-pregnant goats were similar (10.85 +/- 1.3 vs. 9.74 +/- 1.6 ng/mL), except in the case of pregnancy with four foetuses (12.5 +/- 1.3 ng/mL). Milk yield at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day. Pregnancy started to affect milk yield up to the +7th week and was 59.9% lower in the +10th week after mating, so the use of lactation inhibitors could be more effective from this latter week. In conclusion, the results show that it is not possible to detect gestation in goats reliably through the maximum concentration of progesterone in milk at any time during lactation, except in the case of goats gestating four foetuses, that the milk yield of goats at mating does not affect fertility until a value of at least 3250 mL/day, and that from the 10th week post-mating, the application of lactation inhibitors would be optimal.This research was funded by the project RTA2017-00049-C02-02 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) with ERDF funds.Fernández Martínez, N.; Beltrán Martínez, MC.; Romero, G.; Roca, MA.; Rodríguez Garcia, M.; Balasch Parisi, S. (2021). Pointing Out Some Issues Regarding Reproduction Management in Murciano-Granadina Goats. Animals. 11(6):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061781S11311

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is involved in the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity

Background and Purpose: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible isomerase responsible for prostaglandin E2 production in inflammatory con ditions. We evaluated the role of mPGES-1 in the development and the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations of obesity. Experimental Approach: mPGES-1+/+ and mPGES-1 / mice were fed with normal or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat). The glycaemic and lipid profile was evaluated by glu cose and insulin tolerance tests and colorimetric assays. Vascular function, structure and mechanics were assessed by myography. Histological studies, q-RT-PCR, and western blot analyses were performed in adipose tissue depots and cardiovascular tissues. Gene expression in abdominal fat and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from patients was correlated with vascular damage. Key Results: Male mPGES-1 / mice fed with HFD were protected against body weight gain and showed reduced adiposity, better glucose tolerance and insulin sensi tivity, lipid levels and less white adipose tissue and PVAT inflammation and fibrosis, compared with mPGES-1+/+ mice. mPGES-1 knockdown prevented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, aortic insulin resistance, and vascular inflammation and remodelling, induced by HFD. Obesity-induced weight gain and endothelial dysfunction of resistance arteries were ameliorated in female mPGES-1 / mice. In humans, we found a positive correlation between mPGES-1 expression in abdominal fat and vascular remodelling, vessel stiffness, and systolic blood pressure. In human PVAT, there was a positive correlation between mPGES-1 expression and inflammatory markers. Conclusions and Implications: mPGES-1 inhibition might be a novel therapeutic approach to the management of obesity and the associated cardiovascular and meta bolic alterations

Habilidades gerenciales en mujeres comerciantes cabeza de hogar y economía familiar

El presente artículo de investigación, describe las habilidades gerenciales que las mujeres comerciantes cabeza de hogar adquieren en sus actividades comerciales, por medio de experiencias propias y capacitaciones de las marcas que representan. Tiene como objetivo identificar las habilidades gerenciales y comerciales que desarrollan y su incidencia en la economía familiar; para ello, se aplicó el método descriptivo, analizando el comportamiento de la población sujeta de la investigación. Luego de la tabulación y análisis de datos, los resultados de la investigación muestran las habilidades conceptuales, técnicas y humanas desarrolladas por las mujeres cabeza de hogar en el desempeño de sus actividades comerciales, caracterizadas por la automotivación, liderazgo, buenas relaciones interpersonales y capacitaciones frecuentes

Evaluación continuada automática de Fundamentos de Programación en C

En este trabajo se describe el uso de un sistema de evaluación automática como herramienta de apoyo para el aprendizaje y seguimiento continuado de los alumnos de la asignatura de Fundamentos de Programación del primer curso de las titulaciones de los grados de Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriales y de Ingeniería Química impartidos en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM) desde el curso 2010-11. El sistema de evaluación se implementa mediante uno de los módulos de la plataforma AulaWeb desarrollada en la UPM. Se analizan además los resultados obtenidos considerando que las calificaciones obtenidas en los ejercicios programados pueden tenerse en cuenta en la calificación final de la asignatura como parte de la evaluación continuada durante el periodo académico de acuerdo con la metodología propuesta en el Proceso de Bolonia para los estudios universitarios

Quinolones in goats' milk: Effect on the cheese-making process, chemical and microbial characteristics of acid-coagulated cheeses

[EN] The effect of the presence in goats' milk of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on cheese-making and the characteristics of acid-coagulated cheeses was evaluated. Raw goats' milk was spiked with quinolones at maximum residue limit concentration (100 ¿g kg¿1). For each antibiotic, three batches of cheese were made by acid coagulation (pH 4.6) using a commercial starter culture. Cheese-making process, gross composition and microbial counts in the cheeses were unaffected by the presence of quinolones in milk. However, relatively high amounts of these substances were retained in the cheeses, with residual concentrations of 146.5 ± 4.9 ¿g kg¿1 and 150.7 ± 25.7 ¿g kg¿1 for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively, after 20 days of maturation. Results suggest that the use of goats' milk containing legally admissible amounts of enrofloxacin and/or ciprofloxacin would have no impact on cheese manufacturing, composition and microflora of acid-coagulated cheese. However, the transfer of these substances to the final products could compromise consumer safety.The authors are grateful for the financial support by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Madrid, Spain) project AGL-2013-45147-R.Beltrán Martínez, MC.; Sanna, A.; Molina Pons, MP.; Quintanilla, P.; Montes-Estellés, RM. (2023). Quinolones in goats' milk: Effect on the cheese-making process, chemical and microbial characteristics of acid-coagulated cheeses. International Dairy Journal. 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.10553813

Balancing porosity and mechanical properties of titanium samples to favor cellular growth against bacteria

Two main problems limit the success of titanium implants: bacterial infection, which restricts their osseointegration capacity; and the stiffness mismatch between the implant and the host cortical bone, which promotes bone resorption and risk of fracture. Porosity incorporation may reduce this difference in stiffness but compromise biomechanical behavior. In this work, the relationship between the microstructure (content, size, and shape of pores) and the antibacterial and cellular behavior of samples fabricated by the space-holder technique (50 vol % NH4HCO3 and three ranges of particle sizes) is established. Results are discussed in terms of the best biomechanical properties and biofunctional activity balance (cell biocompatibility and antibacterial behavior). All substrates achieved suitable cell biocompatibility of premioblast and osteoblast in adhesion and proliferation processes. It is worth to highlighting that samples fabricated with the 100–200 μm space-holder present better mechanical behavior—in terms of stiffness, microhardness, and yield strength—which make them a very suitable material to replace cortical bone tissues. Those results exposed the relationship between the surface properties and the race of bacteria and mammalian cells for the surface with the aim to promote cellular growth over bacteria.University of Seville (Spain) VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Modelo para el negocio, servitización, producto y proceso conectado inteligente. Estrategias y marco regulatorio para el sector energético

La digitalización, conectividad e incorporación de inteligencia a los productos y procesos, determina un potencial de competitividad para las empresas, sectores productivos y de servicios, en base a la posibilidad de realizar productos personalizados de mayor calidad y la aparición de nuevas oportunidades de negocios basadas en los servicios para ganar en competitividad. Esta situación, suscita el interés del establecimiento de un marco regulatorio multinivel y multiescala que constituya un facilitador del potencial de estas tecnologías.The digitalization, connectivity and incorporation of intelligence to products and processes, determines a potential for competitiveness for companies, productive sectors and services, based on the possibility of making personalized products of higher quality and the emergence of new business opportunities based in services to gain competitiveness. This situation raises the interest of establishing a multilevel and multiscale regulatory framework that constitutes a facilitator of the potential of these technologies