282 research outputs found

    El desarollo rural en el contexto de la Unión Europea

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    Los espacios rurales de la Unión Europea se enfrentan a una importante encrucijada en los próximos años. La reciente aprobación del Reglamento (C.E.) 1698/2005 del Consejo, de 20 de septiembre de 2005, relativo a la ayuda al desarrollo rural a través del Fondo Europeo Agraria de Desarrollo Rural (FEADER) ha supuesto un importante punto de inflexión, apostando, de forma decidida, por los aspectos ambientales ligados a las actividades agrícola, ganadera y forestal, y por la diversificación de la actividad económica y la mejora de la calidad de vida en el conjunto de los espacios rurales. La agricultura, en este nuevo enfoque del desarrollo rural, es esencial, pero no suficiente, para lograr los objetivos y prioridades de una política de desarrollo global y ambiciosa. La participación de los actores del medio rural en la definición y gestión de las políticas es también reconocida en el Reglamento, que consolida definitivamente el enfoque LEADER. Sin embargo, el desarrollo rural sigue considerándose como una política alternativa, que necesita un mayor impulso económico, para el que la modulación de los pagos directos (y su utilización a través del FEADER) puede representar un importante acicate.The rural spaces of the European Union will be facing an important dilemma in the coming years. The recent approval of the Regulation (C.E.) 1698/2005 of the Council of December 30th 2005, relative to the help of the rural development through the Agrarian European Fund of Rural Development (FEADER) creates a key point, which is betting, ultimately, on the environmental as¬pects bound to agricultural activities, as well as on cattle raising and forest, and on the diversification of the economic activity and the improvement of the quality of life in the set of the rural spaces. Agriculture is not enough in this new approach of the rural development that seeks to achieve the goals and priorities of a global and ambitious development policy for itself. The participation of the actors of the rural environment in the definition and management of the policies is also recognized by the Regulation that definitively consolidates the approach of the program of Relations between Activities for the Development of the Rural Economy (LEADER). However, the rural development continues to be considered an alternative policy that needs a greater economic impulse, for which the modulation of the direct payments (and their utilization through Regulation of the Agrarian European Fund of Rural Development (FEADER) can represent an important incentive

    Are local action groups, under LEADER approach, a good way to support resilience in rural areas?

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    The LEADER approach is a tool of governance in rural areas in Spain since its launch as a Community initiative, more than two decades ago. Its contribution to the development of rural areas, and their adaptation to the changes that have occurred in the last twenty years, are decisive. For local action groups (LAGs), the existence of networks that grouped them, is essential for the development of the methodology, the transmission of information and the relationship with governments, at regional, national and European level. Both, LAGs and networks can play an important role to analyze the effects of the economic crisis in rural areas and the capacity of resilience. This paper analyzes the role of LAGs and the existing rural development networks in Spain, their functioning, how LAGs adapt themselves to the crisis, how they are supported by the mentioned networks, and how they can contribute to the resilience in rural areas

    An indicator of political diversity for analyzing their influence in shaping the local action groups leader in Spain

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    Between 1987 and 2013 Spain has implemented programs of rural development through the LEADER methodology, all of them led and managed by Local Action Groups (LAG). The influence of municipal governments within these GAL is a subject discussed from the beginning but lacks specificity in terms of quantitative data. . This paper identifies two indicators to measure patterns representing municipal governments. From these different situations of interest include the influence of the balance of political parties in the initial constitution of the LAG and its evolution over time, and the power of internal political negotiation of a LAG that the majority political party is faced with are analyzed the other political parties of the same LAG

    Artificial Intelligence and Dimensionality Reduction: Tools for Approaching Future Communications

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    ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank the Fraunhofer-Heinrich- Hertz-Institut for acquiring and sharing the data associated to the rooftop and auditorium communication scenarios, the NextG Channel Model Alliance for creating a space to share public databases of propagation measurements, José Francisco Cortés-Gómez for the graphical support, Carmelo García-García for his help in the measurements acquisition, and Sohrab Vafa, Pablo Padilla and Francisco Luna-Valero for their valuable comments.This article presents a novel application of the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) clustering algorithm to the telecommunication field. t-SNE is a dimensionality reduction algorithm that allows the visualization of large dataset into a 2D plot. We present the applicability of this algorithm in a communication channel dataset formed by several scenarios (anechoic, reverberation, indoor and outdoor), and by using six channel features. Applying this artificial intelligence (AI) technique, we are able to separate different environments into several clusters allowing a clear visualization of the scenarios. Throughout the article, it is proved that t-SNE has the ability to cluster into several subclasses, obtaining internal classifications within the scenarios themselves. t-SNE comparison with different dimensionality reduction techniques (PCA, Isomap) is also provided throughout the paper. Furthermore, post-processing techniques are used to modify communication scenarios, recreating a real communication scenario from measurements acquired in an anechoic chamber. The dimensionality reduction and classification by using t-SNE and Variational AutoEncoders show good performance distinguishing between the recreation and the real communication scenario. The combination of these two techniques opens up the possibility for new scenario recreations for future mobile communications. This work shows the potential of AI as a powerful tool for clustering, classification and generation of new 5G propagation scenarios.Spanish Program of Research, Development, and Innovation under Project RTI2018-102002-A-I00Junta de Andalucía under Project B-TIC-402-UGR18 and Project P18.RT.4830Ministerio de Universidades, Gobierno de España under Predoctoral Grant FPU19/0125

    Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and biological evaluation of acridine derivatives: The role of aggregation on the photodynamic efficiency

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    Two new photoactive compounds (1 and 2) derived from the 9-amidoacridine chromophore have been synthesized and fully characterized. Their abilities to produce singlet oxygen upon irradiation have been compared. The synthesized compounds show very different self-aggregating properties since only 1 present a strong tendency to aggregate in water. Biological assays were conducted with two cell types: hepatoma cells (Hep3B) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) studies carried out with Hep3B cells showed that non-aggregating compound 2 showed photoxicity, ascribed to the production of singlet oxygen, being aggregating compound 1 photochemically inactive. On the other hand suspensions of 1, characterized as nano-sized aggregates, have notable antiproliferative activity towards this cell line in the dark

    Production of meaning and work process in videomapping kavafisVives

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    [EN] KavafisVives is an audiovisual production that was projected in October 2016 at the Cloister of the Centro Cultural La Nau in Valencia, on the occasion of the parallel activities held at the event “Mostra del Mediterrani 2016: Cultura i conflictes del Mediterrani”. Realized by the research group Laboratorio de Luz of the UPV within the research project "Mutant Screen" funded by MINECO HAR2103`47778R. The project starts from an interpretation of the theme "culture and conflicts of the Mediterranean", which tries to connect the roots of Mediterranean culture with the emergence of the present moment and the physical place on which this audiovisual will be projected. Starting from the poetic work of Constantino Kavafis that approaches the journey and the sea as a place of encounter, separation, loss and life from the vital subjectivity, we try to generate a discourse of the recent crisis of refugees who try to cross that same sea until Europe, fleeing from barbarism towards a possible future. The projection takes place in the Cloister of the Cultural Center La Nau, in Valencia, whose center is the stature of Lluis Vives, humanist whose intellectual integrity and work are linked to the best virtues of the European spirit. KavafisVives is a video mapping made by an interdisciplinary group of artists whose initial premise was to create a narrative away from the spectacular tone of some video mapping productions, maintaining a sobriety tone that allows to approach with respect to the current situation, from the Reflection of the Europeanist discourse of Lluis Vives and the poetic subjectivity of Constantino Kavafis.[ES] KavafisVives es una producción audiovisual que fue proyectada en octubre de 2016 en el Claustro del Centro Cultural La Nau, en Valencia, con motivo de las actividades paralelas realizadas en el evento Mostra viva del Mediterrani 2016: cultura i conflictes del Mediterrani. Realizado por el grupo de investigación Laboratorio de Luz de la UPV dentro del proyecto de investigación “Pantallas mutantes” financiado por MINECO HAR2103-47778R. El proyecto parte de una interpretación del tema “cultura i conflictes del Mediterrani”, que intenta conectar las raíces de la cultura del Mediterráneo, con la emergencia del momento actual y el propio lugar físico sobre el que se proyectará este audiovisual. A partir de la obra poética de Constantino Kavafis que aborda el viaje y el mar como lugar de encuentro, separación, perdida y vida, desde de la subjetividad vital, intentamos generar un discurso de las recientes crisis de refugiados que intentan cruzar ese mismo mar hasta Europa, huyendo de la barbarie hacia un futuro posible. La proyección se realiza en el Claustro del Centro Cultural La Nau, en Valencia, en cuyo centro se encuentra la estatura de Lluis Vives, humanista cuya integridad intelectual y obra están vinculadas a los mejores virtudes del espíritu europeísta. KavafisVives es un vídeo mapping realizado por un grupo de artistas interdisciplinar cuya premisa inicial era la de crear una narrativa alejada del tono espectacular de algunas producciones de vídeo mapping, que mantenga un tono de sobriedad que permita aproximarse con respeto a la situación actual, desde la reflexión del discurso europeísta de Lluis Vives y de la subjetividad poética de Constantino Kavafis.Realized by the research group Laboratorio de Luz of the UPV within the research project "Mutant Screen" funded by MINECO HAR2103-47778R.Martínez Arroyo, E.; Gracia Bensa, T.; Giner Martínez, F.; García Miragall, C. (2017). Producción de sentido y proceso de trabajo en el videomapping kavafisVives. En Glocal [codificar, mediar, transformar, vivir] III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 427-732. https://doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.6339OCS42773

    Assessment of natural ventilation strategy to decrease the risk of COVID 19 infection at a rural elementary school

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    Natural ventilation in low-budget elementary schools is the main focus to ensure the health and comfort of its occupants, specifically when looking at the global pandemic related to SARS-COV-2. This paper presents an experimental and novel study of natural ventilation in a public elementary school (Los Zumacales), with a particularly low economic budget. The study was carried out during the winter months of the Covid 19 pandemic. The school is located in the rural area of Castilla y León (North-Western Spain) far from high traffic roads. In this study, a methodology of measuring CO2 concentration was applied in nine classrooms in a school. The experimental study shows the level of natural ventilation in each classroom, expressed in Air Changes per Hour (ACH), using the Decay CO2 concentration method. The method is proven by comparing the experimental values of the obtained ACH with those determined by the most powerful methods to achieve appropriate ventilation levels. Thus, ensuring health protection protocol in rural schools, against the COVID 19 pandemic. Harvard guide and Spanish regulations (RITE), two widely recognized methods have been used together with the experimentally obtained standard by Rey et al. Only one classroom showed a value lower than 3 indicating poor ventilation. In this study, the degree of thermal comfort in the nine classrooms were also analyzed according to the EN15251 standard. An average indoor temperature of approximately 19 °C was obtained, and the relative humidity was stable and correct according to Spanish regulations. In addition, the risk of infection in each classroom was estimated following the international method recommended by the federation of European Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Associations (REHVA). The probability of infection in all the cases studied was less than 14%.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBU

    Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in the United States

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    Background: Among COVID-19–associated deaths reported in the United States (U.S.), minority communities were disproportionately represented. The objective was to assess differences in mortality by race and ethnicity among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the U.S. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study with information extracted from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between January 20 and December 29, 2020. Clinical and sociodemographic data were analyzed by race and ethnicity from non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Binary logistic models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality. Results: A total of 434,076 patients with COVID-19 were characterized; 284,574 cases were Non-Hispanic White, 10,468 cases were Non-Hispanic Asian, and 949,022 cases were Non-Hispanic Black, and 89,407 cases were Hispanic/Latino. For non-hospitalized patients, Hispanic/Latino with pneumonia (OR 3.34, 95%CI: 1.70-6.58) and Non-Hispanic Asian with comorbidities (OR 3.88, 95%CI: 0.99-15.2) had the highest odds for mortality. For hospitalized patients, Non-Hispanic Black with comorbidities (OR 3.02, 95%CI: 2.24-4.08) and Non-Hispanic Asian and Non-Hispanic Black with pneumonia (OR 2.98, 95%CI: 2.09-4.26; and OR 2.97, 95%CI: 2.60-3.38, respectively) had the highest odds for mortality. Conclusion: Racial/ethnic disparities in mortality persist among patients with COVID-19 in the U.S. These findings support the assertion that racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 in the U.S

    Acoustic Noise-Based Detection of Ferroresonance Events in Isolated Neutral Power Systems with Inductive Voltage Transformers

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    Power-quality events and operation transients in power systems (PS) with isolated neutral can saturate inductive voltage transformers (IVT), which, when interacting with the overhead and underground cable capacitances, can cause ferroresonance events in the local PS. This abnormal operating mode can partially or totally damage the transformers and switchgears within the affected PS. Distribution system operators (DSO) can minimize these effects by detecting ferroresonance events accurately and fast enough and changing the mode of operation accordingly. Direct detection methods, i.e., based on voltage measurements, are reliable, but the massive deployment of this solution is relatively expensive; i.e., power quality analyzers cost thousands of USD. Alternatively, indirect detection methods are also available, e.g., IVT vibration measurements with accelerometers costing hundreds of USD, but their reliability depends on the installation method used. This manuscript proposes using the acoustic noise caused by magnetostriction forces within the IVT core during ferroresonance events to detect their occurrence. Compared to other indirect methods, electret condenser microphones with preamplifying stage cost less than USD 10 and are less sensitive to the installation procedure. The proposed method is validated experimentally, and its performance compared to IVT vibration measurements one by using the same detection methodology.This work was partially financed by the EU Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Spanish Government under RETOS-COLABORACION RTC-2017-6782-3, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under project PID2021-128941OB-I00, and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 864579 (FLEXIGRID)

    Sustainable savings applied to operating room ventilation at hospitals located in different climatic zones, through control and regulation strategies

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    Producción CientíficaIn hospitals, operating rooms are energy-intensive spaces, due to the high flow of outside air required to achieve the necessary indoor air quality. Operating rooms demand ventilation continuously, despite periods of low daily surgical activity. However, by controlling ventilation during inactive periods in the operating room, significant energy savings can be achieved, avoiding penalties on IAQ levels. This paper evaluates the energy savings achieved by introducing ventilation flow control and regulation systems in operating rooms of hospitals located in different climatic zones within Spain. In addition, emissions and economic savings have also been evaluated. Two control and regulation strategies of the air flow to be supplied and extracted in the operating rooms, during periods of inactivity, are studied and include regulation by schedule and regulation by occupancy. Data from a 900-bed university hospital center are used as a reference to evaluate the average occupancy of the operating rooms, and the energy consumption, thus validating the model for calculating the demand of a typical operating room. The energy savings for the regulation by occupancy are 37.5%, and the regulation by schedule are 40% of the annual demand, with respect to an operating room working permanently
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