Particle–antiparticle asymmetry in relativistic deformed kinematics

Relativistic deformed kinematics are usually considered a way to capture the residual effects of a fundamental quantum gravity theory. These kinematics present a non-commutative addition law for the momenta so that the total momentum of a multi-particle system depends on the specific ordering in which the momenta are composed. We explore in the present work how this property may be used to generate an asymmetry between particles and antiparticles through a particular ordering prescription, resulting in a violation of CPT symmetry. We study its consequences for muon decay, obtaining a difference in the lifetimes of the particle and the antiparticle as a function of the new high-energy scale, parameterizing such relativistic deformed kinematics. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Development and evaluation of a mechanistic model of post-absorptive nitrogen partitioning in lactating goats

[EN] Context. Goats contribute to global warming through emission of nitrous oxide from urine and faeces. To reduce nitrogen (N) excretion, improvements of N efficiency of goats is necessary. Aims. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a dynamic mechanistic research-oriented model that explicitly represents N partition into faeces, urine and milk in dairy goats fed total mixed rations. Methods. Data from five N-balance dairy-goat experiments were used to develop a mechanistic dynamic model of post-absorptive N partition. Various representations considering either mass action or Michaelis-Menten kinetics of N usage for milk were proposed. Key results. The data for faecal and urine N responses were best fit by a straight line; whereas, data for milk N responses were best fit by curvilinear saturating curve. The model with curvilinear saturating curve had more precise parameter estimates, with the predicted N excretion in faeces (15.6 g/day), urine (15.4 g/day) and milk N output (11.7 g/day) being very close to the observed values, namely, 15.31 g N/day in faeces, 18.78 g N/day in urine and 12.24 g N/day in milk. Independent datasets with 12 studies were used to evaluate the model. The model tended to under-predict faecal N outflow at a lower N intake level and urinary N outflow at a higher N intake level, with the lowest mean bias for milk N outflow. Conclusions. The final chosen model was adequate to represent faecal, urinary and milk N outflows in dairy goats. Implications. The model has provided a mechanistic description of N usage, which is useful to frame and test hypotheses of physiological regulation of N use by goats, and focus on a more efficient transfer of dietary N into milk, reducing the N excretion in faeces and urine.This work is supported by a Climate Change Mitigation Project LIFE16/CCM/ES/000088. The authors thank Dr Ranga Appuhamy, Professor Ermias Kebreab and Professor Mark Hanigan for the many helpful recommendations in model definition, building and computer simulation-language implementation.Fernández Martínez, CJ.; Castro, J. (2020). Development and evaluation of a mechanistic model of post-absorptive nitrogen partitioning in lactating goats. Animal Production Science. 60(4):510-523. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19132510523604Aguilera, J. F., Prieto, C., & FonollÁ, J. (1990). Protein and energy metabolism of lactating Granadina goats. 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F., & Lapierre, H. (2004). Milk Protein Synthesis as a Function of Amino Acid Supply. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(5), 1279-1297. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73278-6Francoise Domngue, B. M., Dellow, D. W., Wilson, P. R., & Barry, T. N. (1991). Nitrogen metabolism, rumen fermentation, and water absorption in red deer, goats, and sheep. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(4), 391-400. doi:10.1080/00288233.1991.10417682DE JESUS DOS SANTOS, E., ALBUQUERQUE PEREIRA, M. L., PEREIRA DE FIGUEIREDO, M., DE OLIVEIRA SILVA, H. G., FERREIRA DA CRUZ, J., OLIVEIRA BARRETO, F., & BORGES SOUSA, L. (2016). Crude protein levels in diets of lactating goats: nitrogen balance, urea excretion and microbial protein synthesis. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 154(6), 1102-1109. doi:10.1017/s0021859616000277Fernández, C., Martí, J. V., Pérez-Baena, I., Palomares, J. L., Ibáñez, C., & Segarra, J. V. (2018). Effect of lemon leaves on energy and C–N balances, methane emission, and milk performance in Murciano-Granadina dairy goats. Journal of Animal Science, 96(4), 1508-1518. doi:10.1093/jas/sky028Fernández, C., Pérez-Baena, I., Marti, J. V., Palomares, J. L., Jorro-Ripoll, J., & Segarra, J. V. (2019). Use of orange leaves as a replacement for alfalfa in energy and nitrogen partitioning, methane emissions and milk performance of murciano-granadina goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 247, 103-111. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.008Harmeyer, J., & Martens, H. (1980). Aspects of Urea Metabolism in Ruminants with Reference to the Goat. Journal of Dairy Science, 63(10), 1707-1728. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(80)83132-8Kebreab, E., France, J., Mills, J. A. N., Allison, R., & Dijkstra, J. (2002). A dynamic model of N metabolism in the lactating dairy cow and an assessment of impact of N excretion on the environment1. Journal of Animal Science, 80(1), 248-259. doi:10.2527/2002.801248xLópez, M. C., Estellés, F., Moya, V. J., & Fernández, C. (2014). Use of dry citrus pulp or soybean hulls as a replacement for corn grain in energy and nitrogen partitioning, methane emissions, and milk performance in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(12), 7821-7832. doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8424Malecky, M., Broudiscou, L. P., & Schmidely, P. (2009). Effects of two levels of monoterpene blend on rumen fermentation, terpene and nutrient flows in the duodenum and milk production in dairy goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154(1-2), 24-35. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.07.004Molina-Alcaide, E., Morales-García, E. Y., Martín-García, A. I., Ben Salem, H., Nefzaoui, A., & Sanz-Sampelayo, M. R. (2010). Effects of partial replacement of concentrate with feed blocks on nutrient utilization, microbial N flow, and milk yield and composition in goats. 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Using travertine deformations to characterize paleoseismic activity along an active oblique-slip fault: the Alhama de Murcia fault (Betic Cordillera, Spain)

A preliminary paleoseismic study of trave rtine deposits cut by an active oblique-slip fault is presented. The Alhama de Murcia fault affects late Pleistocene and Holocene travertine deposits along the Lorca-Totana segment. Travertines along oblique-slip (reverse-sinistral) active faults have not been reported. On the Alhama de Murcia fault, CaCO3 rich springs are linked to an extensional step-ove rand to releasing fault junctions in a reverse-sinistral fault zone. The sampling methodology for U/Th dating employed to avoid contamination (by choosing material from a geochemical closed system) is described. A petrographic analysis is necessary to ensure the quality of the samples. Terrace-mound, fissure-ridge, eroded sheets and range-front trave rtine deposits occur in the Alhama de Murcia fault zone. At Carraclaca a 15 m amplitude monocline fold was formed by the reverse movement of this fault which has been active since the late Pleistocene. The first available absolute ages for deformed and undeformed travertines yield a vertical slip rate of 0.08mm/yr. It is possible to estimate 4818 yr of recurrence time for the northern branch given the slip per event on alluvial deposits in the southern branch of the Alhama de Murcia fault

Phenotypic effect of the BMP15/FecxR allele in prolificacy of the CarnesOviaragon S.C.L. population

Ponencia publicada en ITEA, vol.104Recientemente se ha detectado e identificado un nuevo alelo del gen BMP15 que aumenta la prolificidad de las ovejas en raza Rasa-Aragonesa. Este gen ha recibido el nombre de FecXR y ha sido hallado a partir del estudio de la base de datos de CarnesOviaragon SCL. Está situado en el cromosoma X de modo que los machos son hemicigóticos. Las hembras homocigóticas para el gen salvaje tienen prolificidad normal, las heterocigóticas son prolíficas y las homocigóticas para este alelo son estériles. Su efecto se estima en 0,32 corderos por oveja y parto. Del estudio de parámetros genéticos se deduce que este alelo explica una parte de la varianza genética quedando otra parte no explicada por el mismo.A new allele of the gene BMP15 which increases the prolificacy of sheep has been recently detected and identified in the Rasa-aragonesa breed. This gene has been called FecXR and has been found as a result of research on the Rasa-aragonesa data bank. It is located in the chromosome X, so that the males are hemicygotic. The homocygotic females for the wild gene have normal prolificacy, those heterocygotic are prolific and those homocygotic for this allele are sterile. Its effect is estimated to be 0,32 lambs per sheep and lamb. From the study of genetic parameters, it is concluded that this allele explains a part of the genetic variance, leaving another part yet to be explained

Estado ecológico del río Oja (cuenca del Ebro, La Rioja, España), mediante indicadores de macroinvertebrados

El presente trabajo presenta resultados sobre el estado ecológico del río Oja o Glera (cuenca del Oja- Tirón) durante los años 2003-2007, así como información proveniente de datos históricos recopilados a partir de los informes de cuenca existentes (informe de 2004, que incluye datos desde 1994 hasta 2004 e informe de 2007). Se han seleccionado 7 puntos, distribuidos entre las tres tipologías definidas en el río Oja: en el ecotipo 11, ríos de montaña mediterránea silícea, 3 puntos; en el ecotipo 26, ríos de montaña húmeda calcárea, 1 punto y en el ecotipo 12, Ríos de montaña mediterránea calcárea, 3 puntos. Para cada punto se han calculado una serie de índices de macroinvertebrados (1BMWP' 1ASPT, NFAM, NFPLE y EPT) Y sus ratios de estado ecológico (EQR). En conjunto, el 75.86 % de las medidas del1BMWP dan una calidad Muy buena o Buena y un 13.79 % Moderada mientras que el 10.35 % aparece como Deficiente. En cuanto a su evolución histórica, en aquellos tramos del río que presentan agua de manera permanente se observó una mejora progresiva de la calidad del agua desde los primeros datos de los que se dispone (años 1994-95) hasta los más recientes (2007), según los valores más recientes de clasificación de calidad de agua para el1BMWP (BOE, 2008).This work provides results about the water quality of the Oja or Glera River (Oja- Tirón basin) during the years 2003-2007, as well as information from the historical data taken from previous basin reports (2004 report, that includes data from 1994 to 2004 and 2007 report). Seven sampling points have been selected, distributed between the three typologies defined in the Oja River: in ecotype ll, Siliceous Mediterranean mountain river, 3 points; in ecotype 26, Humid calcareous mountain river, 1 point and in ecotype 12, Mediterranean calcareous mountain rivers, 3 points. Several macro invertebrate indexes (IBMWP, IASPT, NFAM, NFPLE and EPT) and their ecological quality ratios (EQR) were calculated for each point. As a whole, 75.86 % of the IBMWP measurements show Very good or Good quality, with a 13.79 % of Moderate quality, meanwhile 10.35 % of them appear as Deficient. Regarding its historie evolution, in those stretches of the river which present permanent water a progressive improvement of water quality was observed from the first available data (years 1994-95) until the most recent ones (2007), according to the most recent values of water quality classification for IBMWP (BOE, 2008)

Composition and depth of Extensive Green Roof substrate affect the growth of two Mediterranean plant species under different irrigation conditions

Recently, the design of new substrates capable of sustain an adequate plant development in Green Roof systems under Mediterranean climatic conditions is a challenge due to the unfavorable hot and dry conditions. The use of suitable lightweight substrates which can promote an adequate plant growth and maintenance over time is an important achievement as well as the plant species selection. The most commonly used plants in Green Roof systems are the Crassulacean since they are perfectly fitted to drought conditions. In this sense, the use of herbaceous and shrub endemic Mediterranean species could provide an added value in green roof designing under semi‐arid conditions. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the growth of two endemic species (Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke and Lagurus ovatus L.) in two different substrate types with two different depths. To be precise, one substrate was made of a mixture of compost and crushed bricks (CB) (1:4; v:v), and the other one was made of compost‐soil‐bricks (CSB) (1:1:3; v:v:v). Physichochemical, biochemical as well as microbiological properties were evaluated in both substrates in order to study its suitability as plant growth basis. The results showed that both substrates showed adequate physichochemical properties to promote plant growth, but the CSB mixture presented better biochemical and microbiological properties than CB, allowing a suitable environment for microbial and plant development. Furthermore, both plant species had higher coverage and grater SPAD values in CSB than in CB mixture, and this growing was higher above deeper substrates (10 cm) than on 5 cm‐substrate depth, being this parameter more significant for plant development than substrate composition.The authors thank the INNPACTO project (IPT‐ 2011‐1017‐310000) by funding from the relevant trial

The semiclassical--Sobolev orthogonal polynomials: a general approach

We say that the polynomial sequence $(Q^{(\lambda)}_n)$ is a semiclassical Sobolev polynomial sequence when it is orthogonal with respect to the inner product $$_S= +\lambda <{{\bf u}}, {{\mathscr D}p \,{\mathscr D}r}>,$$ where ${\bf u}$ is a semiclassical linear functional, ${\mathscr D}$ is the differential, the difference or the $q$--difference operator, and $\lambda$ is a positive constant. In this paper we get algebraic and differential/difference properties for such polynomials as well as algebraic relations between them and the polynomial sequence orthogonal with respect to the semiclassical functional $\bf u$. The main goal of this article is to give a general approach to the study of the polynomials orthogonal with respect to the above nonstandard inner product regardless of the type of operator ${\mathscr D}$ considered. Finally, we illustrate our results by applying them to some known families of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials as well as to some new ones introduced in this paper for the first time.Comment: 23 pages, special issue dedicated to Professor Guillermo Lopez lagomasino on the occasion of his 60th birthday, accepted in Journal of Approximation Theor