34 research outputs found
A Educação para a Cidadania Mundial como aposta de construção de um novo paradigma educativo
El objetivo de este estudio es reflexionar sobre la Ciudadania Mundial, a través de una investigación sobre el tema, considerando la evidencia de su permanencia como prioridad en la agenda educativa mundial, tanto para los países desarrolla-dos, cuanto para los en desarrollo. La Educación para la Ciudadanía Mundial ha ido cobrando a lo largo de los últimos años un claro protagonismo en la reflexión y las prácticas educativas tanto de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales como de los docentes más comprometidos con un pensar y una práctica pedagógica alternativa en sus aulas. Su inclusión preeminente en la agenda global a raíz de su definición como prioritaria en el marco de la Global Education First Initiative (GEFI) que impulsa Naciones Unidas, sin duda, va a hacer mucho más visible la necesidad de ahondar en su desarrollo. Así, una de las tres prioridades de la GEFI es justamente fomentar la ciudadanía global. La Unesco considera que la Educación para la Ciudadanía Mundial plantea un cambio en el rol y en los objetivos de la educación orientado a construir sociedades más justas, pacíficas, tolerantes e inclusivas. Esa convicción ha hecho de la Educación para la Ciudadanía Mundial uno de sus objetivos clave del área educativa en su Proyecto de estrategia a plazo medio para los próximos ocho años (2014-2021)
Satisfacción vocacional con la elección del ciclo de Formación Profesional
Esta investigación de carácter cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo no experimental, tiene como objetivo identificar el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes con la elección del ciclo de Formación Profesional. Los datos han sido recogidos mediante un cuestionario administrado a 99 estudiantes de 1º de Grado Medio y Superior de Formación Profesional, en dos centros educativos de la Región de Murcia. Entre los principales resultados se observa que el 70% de los participantes está satisfecho con la elección de sus estudios, además de posibles factores que marcan las líneas de acción prioritarias para mejorar estos resultados
Las competencias transversales en la colmena de los blogs de orientación profesional
Este trabajo se centra en profundizar en cómo se abordan las competencias transversales en la blogosfera. En la web 2.0, prolifera diferentes herramientas, como los blogs sobre e-orientación profesional, que entre sus publicaciones más tratadas se encuentran este tipo de competencias. Se analizan 136 blogs a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido y entre los resultados más significativos se encuentra la gestión emocional como la competencia más referenciada, hallándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la tipología del blog: personal o corporativo
Nano-based approved pharmaceuticals for cancer treatment : present and future challenges
Altres ajuts: RICORS RD21/0012/0001 (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, "A way to make Europe"); Fundación Mutua Madrileña (FMMA) through the project "Targeted therapy for selective elimination of metastatic stem cells CXCR4+ in endometrial cancer" (AP1666942017); Asociación Española contra el cancer (AECC) through the project "Development of an antitumor protein delivery system into ovarian cancer cells using the subcellular vault" (IDEAS18038BENI)Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. To date, and despite the advances in conventional treatment options, therapy in cancer is still far from optimal due to the non-specific systemic biodistribution of antitumor agents. The inadequate drug concentrations at the tumor site led to an increased incidence of multiple drug resistance and the appearance of many severe unde-sirable side effects. Nanotechnology, through the development of nanoscale-based pharmaceuticals, has emerged to provide new and innovative drugs to overcome these limitations. In this review, we provide an overview of the approved nanomedicine for cancer treatment and the rationale behind their designs and applications. We also highlight the new approaches that are currently under investigation and the perspectives and challenges for nanopharmaceuticals, focusing on the tumor microenvironment and tumor disseminate cells as the most attractive and effective strategies for cancer treatments
Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age
Genòmica; Comportament humàGenómica; Comportamiento humanoGenomics; Human behaviourChildhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap. We also meta-analyzed within subsets of the data, i.e., within rater, instrument and age. SNP-heritability for the overall meta-analysis (AGGoverall) was 3.31% (SE = 0.0038). We found no genome-wide significant SNPs for AGGoverall. The gene-based analysis returned three significant genes: ST3GAL3 (P = 1.6E–06), PCDH7 (P = 2.0E–06), and IPO13 (P = 2.5E–06). All three genes have previously been associated with educational traits. Polygenic scores based on our GWAMA significantly predicted aggression in a holdout sample of children (variance explained = 0.44%) and in retrospectively assessed childhood aggression (variance explained = 0.20%). Genetic correlations (rg) among rater-specific assessment of AGG ranged from rg = 0.46 between self- and teacher-assessment to rg = 0.81 between mother- and teacher-assessment. We obtained moderate-to-strong rgs with selected phenotypes from multiple domains, but hardly with any of the classical biomarkers thought to be associated with AGG. Significant genetic correlations were observed with most psychiatric and psychological traits (range |rg|: 0.19–1.00), except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aggression had a negative genetic correlation (rg = ~−0.5) with cognitive traits and age at first birth. Aggression was strongly genetically correlated with smoking phenotypes (range |rg|: 0.46–0.60). The genetic correlations between aggression and psychiatric disorders were weaker for teacher-reported AGG than for mother- and self-reported AGG. The current GWAMA of childhood aggression provides a powerful tool to interrogate the rater-specific genetic etiology of AGG.We very warmly thank all participants, their parents, and teachers for making this study possible. The project was supported by the “Aggression in Children: Unraveling gene-environment interplay to inform Treatment and InterventiON strategies” project (ACTION). ACTION received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 602768. Cohort-specific acknowledgements and funding information may be found in the Supplementary text
Defects in memory B-cell and plasma cell subsets expressing different immunoglobulin-subclasses in patients with CVID and immunoglobulin subclass deficiencies
Background: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most prevalent primary immunodeficiencies, but their B-cell defects and underlying genetic alterations remain largely unknown.
Objective: We investigated patients with PADs for the distribution of 41 blood B-cell and plasma cell (PC) subsets, including subsets defined by expression of distinct immunoglobulin heavy chain subclasses.
Methods: Blood samples from 139 patients with PADs, 61 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 68 patients with selective IgA deficiency (IgAdef), 10 patients with IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency, and 223 age matched control subjects were studied by using flow cytometry with EuroFlow immunoglobulin isotype staining. Patients were classified according to their B-cell and PC immune profile, and the obtained patient clusters were correlated with clinical manifestations of PADs.
Results: Decreased counts of blood PCs, memory B cells (MB Cs), or both expressing distinct IgA and IgG subclasses were identified in all patients with PADs. In patients with IgAdef, B-cell defects were mainly restricted to surface membrane (sm)IgA(+) PCs and MBCs, with 2 clear subgroups showing strongly decreased numbers of smIgA(+) PCs with mild versus severe smIgA(+) MBC defects and higher frequencies of nonrespiratory tract infections, autoimmunity, and affected family members. Patients with IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency and those with CVID showed defects in both smIgA(+) and smIgG(+) MBCs and PCs. Reduced numbers of switched PCs were systematically found in patients with CVID (absent in 98%), with 6 different defective MBC (and clinical) profiles: (1) profound decrease in MBC numbers; (2) defective CD27(+) MBCs with almost normal IgG(3)(+) MBCs; (3) absence of switched MBCs; and (4) presence of both unswitched and switched MBCs without and; (5) with IgG(2)(+) MBCs; and (6) with IgA(1)(+) MBCs.
Conclusion: Distinct PAD defective B-cell patterns were identified that are associated with unique clinical profiles
Study of maternal nutrition and genetic on the foetal adiposity programming (The PREOBE Study)
Introducción: La genética y la alimentación de la
madre antes y durante el embarazo, las distintas patologías
metabólicas maternas, así como la ingesta de nutrientes
en los primeros meses de vida del recién nacido parecen
estar implicados en la etiología de la obesidad y sus
consecuencias a largo plazo. La posible contribución de
estos y otros factores, los mecanismos y sus efectos en el
metabolismo y desarrollo de la enfermedad están aún en
fase de investigación.
Objetivo: Obtener un mayor conocimiento del desarrollo
del tejido adiposo fetal y la influencia de factores genéticos,
dietéticos y ambientales sobre el riesgo a largo plazo
de padecer obesidad.
Metodología: Se han establecido cuatro grupos de estudio
de 30 madres gestantes cada uno: 1) grupo control; 2)
madres con intolerancia a la glucosa/diabetes gestacional;
3) madres con escasa ganancia ponderal durante el embarazo,
y 4) madres con sobrepeso/obesidad al inicio del
embarazo. Se realizará un análisis de los siguientes parámetros:
1) ingesta dietética; 2) hábitos y estilo de vida; 3)
actividad física; 4) antropometría y composición corporal;
5) estudio hematológico; 6) estudio bioquímico (biomarcadores
lipídicos y metabólicos); 7) perfil inmunológico;
8) perfil psicológico; 9) marcadores genéticos, y 10)
marcadores microbiológicos; todos ellos relacionados con
la formación del tejido adiposo fetal en las primeras etapas
de la vida y el riesgo de padecer obesidad en el futuro.
Conclusión: En este proyecto, coordinado por el
Departamento de Pediatría de la Facultad de Medicina de asegula
Universidad de Granada y que cuenta con la participación
de otros grupos de investigación de larga y acreditada
experiencia, se pretende obtener un mayor conocimiento
de los orígenes de la obesidad en la infancia y
posterior desarrollo de esta enfermedad en etapas posteriores
de la vida.Background: Maternal genetics and feeding before and
during pregnancy, different maternal metabolic pathologies,
as well as nutrient intakes of newborns in their first
months of life may be involved in the obesity aetiology
and its long-term consequences. The possible role of these
and others factors, the mechanisms and the effects on the
metabolism, and the development of this disease need
further research.
Objective: To acquire more knowledge about foetal
adipose tissue development and the influence of genetic,
dietetic and environmental factors on the risk to suffer
from obesity.
Methodology: Four study groups have been established
with 30 pregnant women in each one: 1) control
group; 2) mothers with glucose intolerance/gestational
diabetes; 3) women with low weight gain during pregnancy,
and 4) women with overweight/obesity at the
beginning of the pregnancy. The magnitudes to be studied
are: 1) dietary intake; 2) life-style habits; 3) physical
activity; 4) anthropometry and body composition; 5)
haematological study; 6) biochemical study (lipid and
metabolic biomarkers); 7) immune function profile related
to nutritional status; 8) psychological profile; 9)
genetic biomarkers, and 10) microbiological markers;
all of them in relation to the development of the foetal
adipose tissue in the first stages of life and the risk of suffering
from obesity in the future.
Conclusion: This project, coordinated by the Department
of Paediatrics of the School of Medicine in the
University of Granada, and with the collaboration of
well-known and expert research groups, tries to contribute
to the knowledge about the obesity aetiology in infancy and its subsequent development in later periods
of life.El proyecto PREOBE está financiado por la Consejería
de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de
Andalucía (Proyecto de Excelencia n.º P06-CTS-02341)
Herramientas audiovisuales online y protocolos en la formación, adaptación y gestión de lentes de contacto. Un modelo innovador en la Clínica Universitaria de Optometría de la UCM
Con fines docentes y asistenciales, incluye Videos sobre manejo y limpieza de distintos tipos de lentes de contacto. Para la correcta formación de los estudiantes incluye varios manuales sobre el estudio ocular previo a la adaptación. Con fines asistenciales incorpora Material para acompañar la adaptación y entrega de las lentes de contacto.
Para mejorar la gestión, incluye un Video-tutorial y los protocolos creados para los pedidos y gestión de las lentes de contacto
Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Eneida Registry
Background: The effectiveness of the switch to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent. Results: A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug. Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response
Immigrant IBD Patients in Spain Are Younger, Have More Extraintestinal Manifestations and Use More Biologics Than Native Patients
BackgroundPrevious studies comparing immigrant ethnic groups and native patients with IBD have yielded clinical and phenotypic differences. To date, no study has focused on the immigrant IBD population in Spain. MethodsProspective, observational, multicenter study comparing cohorts of IBD patients from ENEIDA-registry who were born outside Spain with a cohort of native patients. ResultsWe included 13,524 patients (1,864 immigrant and 11,660 native). The immigrants were younger (45 +/- 12 vs. 54 +/- 16 years, p < 0.001), had been diagnosed younger (31 +/- 12 vs. 36 +/- 15 years, p < 0.001), and had a shorter disease duration (14 +/- 7 vs. 18 +/- 8 years, p < 0.001) than native patients. Family history of IBD (9 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and smoking (30 vs. 40%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among native patients. The most prevalent ethnic groups among immigrants were Caucasian (41.5%), followed by Latin American (30.8%), Arab (18.3%), and Asian (6.7%). Extraintestinal manifestations, mainly musculoskeletal affections, were more frequent in immigrants (19 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Use of biologics, mainly anti-TNF, was greater in immigrants (36 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). The risk of having extraintestinal manifestations [OR: 2.23 (1.92-2.58, p < 0.001)] and using biologics [OR: 1.13 (1.0-1.26, p = 0.042)] was independently associated with immigrant status in the multivariate analyses. ConclusionsCompared with native-born patients, first-generation-immigrant IBD patients in Spain were younger at disease onset and showed an increased risk of having extraintestinal manifestations and using biologics. Our study suggests a featured phenotype of immigrant IBD patients in Spain, and constitutes a new landmark in the epidemiological characterization of immigrant IBD populations in Southern Europe