Estudio epidemiológico del estado de salud bucodental y de parámetros psicobioquímicos de estrés en estudiantes universitarios

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Odontología, leída el 17-06-2010El estrés, por la ansiedad y reacciones vegetativas que conlleva, se admite como factor de riesgo capaz de incidir en el nivel de salud bucodental. Los estudiantes de odontología, por sus conocimientos y una razonable mayor motivación por la higiene oral, pueden, sin embargo, presentar un estado de salud bucodental con pocas diferencias respecto al que muestran estudiantes de otras carreras sin entrenamiento clínico. El objetivo general de esta tesis es describir y valorar los indicadores generales de salud bucodental y hábitos de autocuidado de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en relación, además, con sus parámetros psicofísicos de estrés según sus diferentes estudios.Depto. de Especialidades Clínicas OdontológicasFac. de OdontologíaTRUEunpu

Genetic Landscape of Nonobstructive Azoospermia and New Perspectives for the Clinic

We thank Alejandro Fernández Sevilla for his valuable help in the development of Figure 2 of this review. The authors were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (ref. SAF2016-78722-R) and the “Ramón y Cajal” program (ref. RYC-2014-16458).Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the most severe expression of male infertility, involving around 1% of the male population and 10% of infertile men. This condition is characterised by the inability of the testis to produce sperm cells, and it is considered to have an important genetic component. During the last two decades, di erent genetic anomalies, including microdeletions of the Y chromosome, karyotype defects, and missense mutations in genes involved in the reproductive function, have been described as the primary cause of NOA in many infertile men. However, these alterations only explain around 25% of azoospermic cases, with the remaining patients showing an idiopathic origin. Recent studies clearly suggest that the so-called idiopathic NOA has a complex aetiology with a polygenic inheritance, which may alter the spermatogenic process. Although we are far from a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NOA, the use of the new technologies for genetic analysis has enabled a considerable increase in knowledge during the last years. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the genetic basis of NOA, with a special focus on the possible application of the recent insights in clinical practice.Funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (ref. SAF2016-78722-R) and the “Ramón y Cajal” program (ref. RYC-2014-16458)

Virtual reality to improve low-back pain and pelvic pain during pregnancy: a pilot RCT for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

A significant proportion of women experience low back and pelvic pain during and after pregnancy, which can negatively impact their daily lives. Various factors are attributed to these complaints, and many affected women do not receive adequate healthcare. However, there is evidence to support the use of different physiotherapeutic interventions to alleviate these conditions. Virtual reality is a promising complementary treatment to physiotherapy, particularly in improving pain perception and avoidance. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a four-week program combining VR and physiotherapy compared to standard physiotherapy in pregnant women with low back and pelvic pain, in terms of improving pain avoidance, intensity, disability, and functional level. The study also aims to investigate patient satisfaction with the VR intervention. This research will be conducted through a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial involving pregnant patients residing in the provinces of Seville and Malaga with a diagnosis of low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy. The alternative hypothesis is that the implementation of a Virtual Reality program in combination with standard physiotherapy will result in better clinical outcomes compared to the current standard intervention, which could lead to the development of new policies and interventions for these pathologies and their consequence

Cardiotrophin-1 opposes renal fibrosis in mice: Potential prevention of chronic kidney disease

[EN]Chronic kidney disease is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis involving inflammation, tubular apoptosis, fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation. Cardiotrophin-1, a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, protects several organs from damage by promoting survival and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether cardiotrophin-1 participates in the response to chronic kidney injury leading to renal fibrosis is unknown. We hypothesized and assessed the potential role of cardiotrophin-1 in a mice model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Three days after UUO, obstructed kidneys from cardiotrophin-1-/- mice show higher expression of inflammatory markers IL-1β, Cd68, ICAM-1, COX-2 and iNOs, higher activation of NF-κB, higher amount of myofibroblasts and higher severity of tubular damage and apoptosis, compared with obstructed kidneys from wild-type littermates. In a later stage, obstructed kidneys from cardiotrophin-1-/- mice show higher fibrosis than obstructed kidneys from wild-type mice. Interestingly, administration of exogenous cardiotrophin-1 prevents the increased fibrosis resulting from the genetic knockout of cardiotrophin-1 upon UUO, and supplementation of wild-type mice with exogenous cardiotrophin-1 further reduces the renal fibrosis induced by UUO. In vitro, renal myofibroblasts from cardiotrophin-1-/- mice have higher collagen I and fibronectin expression and higher NF-κB activation than wild-type cells. Cardiotrophin-1 participates in the endogenous response that opposes renal damage by counteracting the inflammatory, apoptotic and fibrotic processes. And exogenous cardiotrophin-1 is proposed as a candidate for the treatment and prevention of chronic renal fibrosis

Hydrogen Photo-Production from Glycerol Using Nickel-Doped TiO2 Catalysts: Effect of Catalyst Pre-Treatment

In the present piece of research, hydrogen production via the photo-reforming of glycerol (a byproduct from biodiesel generation) is studied. Catalysts consisted of titania modified by Ni (0.5% by weight) obtained through deposition–precipitation or impregnation synthetic methods (labelled as Ni-0.5-DP and Ni-0.5-IMP, respectively). Reactions were performed both under UV and solar irradiation. Activity significantly improved in the presence of Ni, especially under solar irradiation. Moreover, pre-reduced solids exhibited higher catalytic activities than untreated solids, despite the “in-situ” reduction of nickel species and the elimination of surface chlorides under reaction conditions (as evidenced by XPS). It is possible that the catalyst pretreatment at 400 °C under hydrogen resulted in some strong metal–support interactions. In summary, the highest hydrogen production value (ca. 2600 micromole H2·g−1) was achieved with pre-reduced Ni-0.5-DP solid using UV light for an irradiation time of 6 h. This value represents a 15.7-fold increase as compared to Evonik P25

Staphylococcus epidermidis' Overload During Suckling Impacts the Immune Development in Rats

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland occurring in 3-33% of the breastfeeding mothers. The majority of mastitis cases have an infectious etiology. More than 75% of infectious mastitis are caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and involves breast milk microbiota alteration, which, may have an impact in lactating infant. The aim of this study was to analyze in rats during the suckling period and later in life the impact of a high and a low overload of Staphylococcus epidermidis, similarly as it occurs during the clinical and the subclinical mastitis, respectively. From days 2 to 21 of life, suckling rats were daily supplemented with low (Ls group) or high (Hs group) dose of S. epidermidis. Body weight and fecal humidity were periodically recorded. On days 21 and 42 of life, morphometry, hematological variables, intestinal gene expression, immunoglobulin (Ig) and cytokine profile and spleen cells' phenotype were measured. Although no differences were found in body weight, Ls and Hs groups showed higher body length and lower fecal humidity. Both doses induced small changes in lymphocytes subpopulations, reduced the plasma levels of Ig and delayed the Th1/Th2 balance causing a bias toward the Th2 response. No changes were found in cytokine concentration. The low dose affected the Tc cells intestinal homing pattern whereas the high dose had an impact on the hematological variables causing leukocytosis and lymphocytosis and also influenced the intestinal barrier maturation. In conclusion, both interventions with Staphylococcus epidermidis overload during suckling, affects the immune system development in short and long term

Modelo de jardín vertical con vegetación endémica para espacios públicos exteriores en El Grillo, Jalisco

La preocupación ambiental en escala global ha impulsado la tendencia del “movimiento verde” para actuar en contra de factores como el calentamiento global, la contaminación del agua y del aire y pérdida del hábitat (Buraglia et al., 2011). Para este estudio, se hace un enfoque específico en los sistemas de jardinería vegetal aplicado al espacio público exterior como alternativa para mejoramiento y aumento de áreas verdes. Para ello, se propuso el diseño de un modelo de jardín vertical con plantas endémicas dentro de la ciudad de El Grullo, Jalisco, México, que pueda adaptarse a condiciones meteorológicas y espaciales del lugar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un modelo de jardín vertical con vegetación endémica para espacios públicos exteriores. La metodología que se utilizó fue observacional, descriptiva y transversal, para la factibilidad del estudio, previa bibliografía especializada, se tomó como referencia el análisis de la vegetación y mobiliario público que circunda las áreas de estudio. Se señala lo relevante de la investigación, donde refiere que los jardines verticales con vegetación endémica propician una mejor imagen visual de espacios verdes para la comunidad de El Grullo, donde se favorece la socialización, bienestar y convivencia de los habitantes a estos espacios

Análisis de la confluencia de percepción social y habitabilidad ambiental para espacios públicos de comunidades indígenas de la Costa Sur de Jalisco, México

Se reflexiona que la cosmovisión de habitantes de una comunidad indígena es resguardo de su patrimonio y valores como civilización. Son conscientes de los sistemas ecológicos que ordenan la relación entre variables meteorológica y la reproducción de la vida silvestre de plantas y animales; por ende, son un factor prioritario. El propósito de este estudio, fue analizar y clasificar manuscritos de aspectos teóricos de comunidades indígenas, cosmovisión, espacio público y habitabilidad ambiental; para redactar el artículo de revisión y contemplar la necesidad de extremar precauciones como grupo colectivo, para el cuidado de recursos naturales y riesgos suscitados al planeta por el cambio climático del siglo XXI. Esto ha ocasionado una versatilidad aguda de problemas de salud, bienestar y habitabilidad, aunado a ello, un rezago de la economía que compromete a las generaciones futuras y comunidades indígenas. Por ello, se considera prioritario informar a la población y organismos públicos los resultados de la investigación en turno, con la finalidad de subsanar este rubro nocivo para el ser humano y su hábitat

The NWP Activities at AEMET (Spain): 28th ALADIN Workshop & HIRLAM ASM

Póster presentado en: Joint 28th ALADIN Workshop & HIRLAM All Staff Meeting, celebrado del 16 al 20 de abril de 2018 en Toulouse (Francia)

Experimental Techniques to Measure Hypnotic Levels During Surgery

[Abstract] The administration of anesthetics during a surgical procedure has been done historically in a manual way with the anesthesiologist deciding what amounts and at what rates to use. Over the last few decades there has been a rapid increase in the automation of many medical areas including anesthesiology, with that increased level of automation have also appeared new ways to measure the level of sedation in patients. Historically, one of the most frequently index used has been the BIS, which has proven rather reliable as an indicator. More recently, another index called PSI has attracted interest of practitioners. In this article a comparison of these two indexes was performed. Data recording BIS and PSI values from surgical operations for several patients were collected and analyzed. The results seem to indicate that it is to be expected that in 95% of the cases the correlation between the BIS and PSI index will be at least 0.6866.This work has been supported by the grant DPI2010-18278 of the Spanish Governmenthttps://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749808