The adaptive optics lucky imager (AOLI): presentation, commissioning, and AIV innovations

Here we present the Adaptive Optics Lucky Imager (AOLI), a state-of-the-art instrument which makes use of two well proved techniques, Lucky Imaging (LI) and Adaptive Optics (AO), to deliver diffraction limited imaging at visible wavelengths, 20 mas, from ground-based telescopes. Thanks to its revolutionary TP3-WFS, AOLI shall have the capability of using faint reference stars. In the extremely-big telescopes era, the combination of techniques and the development of new WFS systems seems the clue key for success. We give details of the integration and verification phases explaining the defiance that we have faced and the innovative and versatile solutions for each of its subsystems that we have developed, providing also very fresh results after its first fully-working observing run at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT).Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, conference. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1703.09354, arXiv:1608.0480

EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS PARTOS MÚLTIPLES EN LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA DESDE 1.996 HASTA 2.008: IMPLICACIONES PSICOSOCIALES

Multiple delivery carries a series of psychosocial implications which concern both the parents and the social and health care systems. The possibility of complications increases in multiple pregnancies, as well as the needs for attention and care for both, the babies and the parents. Therefore, information about the evolution of this kind of pregnancies is very important to identify people’s health needs. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to show the evolution of multiple deliveries in Spain, and in the Murcia Region between 1996 and 2008. Additional objectives are to examine those data according to mother’s age at maternity, and to analyze possible consequences of such evolution. Method: Information has been obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and the Murcia Regional Centre of Statistics databases. Results: Multiple births rate has changed form 13.1‰ in 1996 to 18.4‰ in 2008 in Murcia (12.7‰ to 19.4‰ in Spain). The biggest increase has taken place in mothers older than 30 years old. Conclusion: This situation presents important implications for the families and for the health system as a whole. Families need to reach an adaptation and health workers might collaborate giving adequate information and orientation.Los partos múltiples conllevan una serie de implicaciones psicosociales que afectan tanto a los padres como a los sistemas de atención sanitaria y social. La posibilidad de que se produzcan complicaciones se incrementa en el caso de un embarazo múltiple, así como las necesidades de atención y cuidados tanto para los bebés como para los padres. Disponer de información acerca de la evolución de este tipo de embarazos resulta, por tanto, de gran relevancia para identificar necesidades de salud en la población. Objetivos: Este trabajo tiene como principales objetivos presentar la evolución de los partos múltiples entre los años 1996 y 2008, tanto en la Región de Murcia como en España, examinar estos datos en función de la edad de la madre en el momento del nacimiento y analizar las posibles repercusiones de esta evolución. Método: Para ello se ha utilizado la información disponible en las bases de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y del Centro Regional de Estadística de Murcia. Resultados: En los últimos años se ha producido un importante aumento en el número de partos múltiples tanto a nivel nacional como en las distintas comunidades autónomas, la Región de Murcia entre ellas. La tasa de partos gemelares o de orden mayor ha pasado a ser de 13.1‰ en 1996 a 18.4‰ en 2008 en Murcia (12.7‰ a 19.4‰ en España). El mayor incremento se ha producido en los grupos de madres a partir de los 30 años. Conclusiones: Esta situación presenta implicaciones importantes para el sistema de salud en su conjunto y para las familias. Éstas necesitan conseguir una adaptación en la que puede colaborar de forma decisiva el profesional sanitario proporcionando una información y orientación adecuada

A pilot study identifying a set of microRNAs as precise diagnostic biomarkers of acute kidney injury

In the last decade, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) diagnosis and therapy have not notably improved probably due to delay in the diagnosis, among other issues. Precocity and accuracy should be critical parameters in novel AKI biomarker discovery. microRNAs are key regulators of cell responses to many stimuli and they can be secreted to the extracellular environment. Therefore, they can be detected in body fluids and are emerging as novel disease biomarkers. We aimed to identify and validate serum miRNAs useful for AKI diagnosis and management. Using qRT-PCR arrays in serum samples, we determined miRNAs differentially expressed between AKI patients and healthy controls. Statistical and target prediction analysis allowed us to identify a panel of 10 serum miRNAs. This set was further validated, by qRT-PCR, in two independent cohorts of patients with relevant morbi-mortality related to AKI: Intensive Care Units (ICU) and Cardiac Surgery (CS). Statistical correlations with patient clinical parameter were performed. Our results demonstrated that the 10 selected miRNAs (miR-101-3p, miR-127-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-93-3p and miR-10a-5p) were diagnostic biomarkers of AKI in ICU patients, exhibiting areas under the curve close to 1 in ROC analysis. Outstandingly, serum miRNAs estimated before CS predicted AKI development later on, thus becoming biomarkers to predict AKI predisposition. Moreover, after surgery, the expression of the miRNAs was modulated days before serum creatinine increased, demonstrating early diagnostic value. In summary, we have identified a set of serum miRNAs as AKI biomarkers useful in clinical practice, since they demonstrate early detection and high diagnostic value and they recognize patients at risk

Guia farmacològica en VIH

Tractament antiretrovirals (TARV); Pacients de sida; VacunesRetroviral treatment (HAART); AIDS patients; VaccinesTratamiento antirretrovirales (TARAA); Pacientes de sida; VacunasEn aquesta guia es vol donar una visió pràctica dels aspectes diaris del tractament del pacient amb infecció per VIH. D’una manera pràctica es revisen aspectes relacionats amb el tractament antiretroviral, posologia, potencials interaccions amb altres fàrmacs, valorant de forma breu els principals i més freqüents que es fan servir en diferents situacions de la pràctica clínica diària en els pacients amb infecció pel VIH en tractament antiretroviral i, finalment, les diferents vacunes, analitzant-ne els aspectes generals, les indicacions i les contraindicacions.This guide is to give a practical view of the daily aspects of the treatment of patients with HIV infection. From a practical manner of antiretroviral treatment, dosage, potential interactions with other drugs, valuing briefly are review the main and most frequently used in different situations of daily clinical practice in patients with HIV infection in antiretroviral treatment and finally the different vaccines, analyzing the general aspects, indications and contraindications.En esta guía se quiere dar una visión práctica de los aspectos diarios del tratamiento del paciente con infección por VIH. De una manera práctica se revisan aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento antirretroviral, posología, potenciales interacciones con otros fármacos, valorando de forma breve los principales y más frecuentes que se utilizan en diferentes situaciones de la práctica clínica diaria en los pacientes con infección por el VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral y, finalmente, las diferentes vacunas, analizando los aspectos generales, las indicaciones y las contraindicaciones

Evaluación de los diferentes tipos de membranas de hemodiálisis

La pluralidad de membranas utilizadas en la fabricación de dializadores, contribuye a que se presente en el mercado gran número de ellos, más de 400 en el ámbito de la EDTA, con características muy diferentes, tanto en lo relativo a sus prestaciones funcionales como a su "biocompatibilidad" y su precio. La trascendencia clínica y económica del uso de uno u otro tipo de dializador ha sido objeto de multitud de publicaciones y considerable debate que no ha llegado a materializarse en un cuerpo de doctrina universalmente aceptado, que sitúe con precisión la contribución relativa de cada tipo de dializador al resultado clínico del tratamiento en diálisis de la insuficiencia renal; y, consecuentemente, la efectividad y eficiencia de este elemento, fundamental en dicho tratamiento. El objeto del presente informe es proporcionar información respecto de dichas cuestiones, desde una perspectiva global, ponderando el valor relativo de los diferentes criterios en juego que afectan a: efectividad clínica, funcionalidad, biocompatibilidad y precio.Presentación, Abreviaturas, Informe de síntesis, Tratamiento de IRCT: Desarrollo actual y resultados, Objetivos y fundamentos de la técnica, Biocompatibilidad, Clasificación de membranas. Criterios y parámetros, Diálisis adecuada, Morbi-mortalidad asociada a diálisis Uso de las diferentes categorías de membranas, Consideraciones económicas, Conclusiones, Hemodiálisis: Evolución histórica y consideraciones generales, Morbilidad asociada a la diálisis Evolución de la técnica y diálisis adecuada, Criterios de clasificación de las membranas, Valoración clínica de las diferentes categorías de membranas, Extensión del uso de las diferentes categorías de membranas Aspectos económicos del tratamiento, Anexos

Radon and material radiopurity assessment for the NEXT double beta decay experiment

The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT), intended to investigate the neutrinoless double beta decay using a high-pressure xenon gas TPC filled with Xe enriched in 136Xe at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain, requires ultra-low background conditions demanding an exhaustive control of material radiopurity and environmental radon levels. An extensive material screening process is underway for several years based mainly on gamma-ray spectroscopy using ultra-low background germanium detectors in Canfranc but also on mass spectrometry techniques like GDMS and ICPMS. Components from shielding, pressure vessel, electroluminescence and high voltage elements and energy and tracking readout planes have been analyzed, helping in the final design of the experiment and in the construction of the background model. The latest measurements carried out will be presented and the implication on NEXT of their results will be discussed. The commissioning of the NEW detector, as a first step towards NEXT, has started in Canfranc; in-situ measurements of airborne radon levels were taken there to optimize the system for radon mitigation and will be shown too.Comment: Proceedings of the Low Radioactivity Techniques 2015 workshop (LRT2015), Seattle, March 201

Evaluation of turbulent dissipation rate retrievals from Doppler Cloud Radar

Turbulent dissipation rate retrievals from cloud radar Doppler velocity measurements are evaluated using independent, in situ observations in Arctic stratocumulus clouds. In situ validation data sets of dissipation rate are derived using sonic anemometer measurements from a tethered balloon and high frequency pressure variation observations from a research aircraft, both flown in proximity to stationary, ground-based radars. Modest biases are found among the data sets in particularly low- or high-turbulence regimes, but in general the radar-retrieved values correspond well with the in situ measurements. Root mean square differences are typically a factor of 4-6 relative to any given magnitude of dissipation rate. These differences are no larger than those found when comparing dissipation rates computed from tetheredballoon and meteorological tower-mounted sonic anemometer measurements made at spatial distances of a few hundred meters. Temporal lag analyses suggest that approximately half of the observed differences are due to spatial sampling considerations, such that the anticipated radar-based retrieval uncertainty is on the order of a factor of 2-3. Moreover, radar retrievals are clearly able to capture the vertical dissipation rate structure observed by the in situ sensors, while offering substantially more information on the time variability of turbulence profiles. Together these evaluations indicate that radar-based retrievals can, at a minimum, be used to determine the vertical structure of turbulence in Arctic stratocumulus clouds