Molecular environment, reverberation, and radiation from the pulsar wind nebula in CTA 1

We estimate the molecular mass around CTA 1 using data from Planck and the Harvard CO survey. We observe that the molecular mass in the vicinity of the complex is not enough to explain the TeV emission observed by VERITAS, even under favorable assumptions for the cosmic-ray acceleration properties of the supernova remnant. This supports the idea that the TeV emission comes from the PWN. Here, we model the spectrum of the PWN at possible different stages of its evolution, including both the dynamics of the PWN and the SNR and their interaction via the reverse shock. We have included in the model the energy lost via radiation by particles and the particles escape when computing the pressure produced by the gas. This leads to an evolving energy partition, since for the same instantaneous sharing of the injection of energy provided by the rotational power, the field and the particles are affected differently by radiation and losses. We present the model, and study in detail how the spectrum of a canonical isolated PWN is affected during compression and re-expansion and how this may impact on the CTA 1 case. By exploring the phase-space of parameters that lead to radii in agreement with those observed, we then analyze different situations that might represent the current stage of the CTA 1 PWN, and discuss caveats and requirements of each one.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Time-dependent modeling of TeV-detected, young pulsar wind nebulae

The increasing sensitivity of instruments at X-ray and TeV energies have revealed a large number of nebulae associated with bright pulsars. Despite this large data set, the observed pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) do not show a uniform behavior and the main parameters driving features like luminosity, magnetization, and others are still not fully understood. To evaluate the possible existence of common evolutive trends and to link the characteristics of the nebula emission with those of the powering pulsar, we selected a sub-set of 10 TeV detections which are likely ascribed to young PWNe and model the spectral energy distribution with a time-dependent description of the nebulae's electron population. In 9 of these cases, a detailed PWNe model, using up-to-date multiwavelength information, is presented. The best-fit parameters of these nebula are discussed, together with the pulsar characteristics. We conclude that TeV PWNe are particle-dominated objects with large multiplicities, in general far from magnetic equipartition, and that relatively large photon field enhancements are required to explain the high level of Comptonized photons observed. We do not find significant correlations between the efficiencies of emission at different frequencies and the magnetization. The injection parameters do not appear to be particularly correlated with the pulsar properties either. We find that a normalized comparison of the SEDs (e.g., with the corresponding spin-down flux) at the same age significantly reduces the spectral distributions dispersion.Comment: 38 pages, 20 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in the Journal of High Energy Astrophysics (JHEAp

Identidades en tránsito: el viaje como síntoma transcultural en el cine y la literatura de Alberto Fuguet

Si la primera revolución industrial afectó al transporte y los intercambios mercantiles, la revolución de las tecnologías digitales que estamos experimentando ahora afecta a la comunicación a distancia: lo que empezó en el telégrafo ha llegado al ciberespacio, totalmente expandido y desterritorializado. Obviamente, la identidad es parte de la cultura, y si la cultura se desterritorializa y las industrias se deslocalizan, el sujeto también lo hace. La obsesión del ser humano por archivar la memoria, el tiempo y la tradición no responde sino a este proceso de angustia identitaria por la desterritorialización: «hay que relocalizar en el tiempo, viajar entre tiempos. Cuando la distancia ya no significa dilación, parece que la discontinuidad es más temporal que espacial» (Sanz Cabrerizo, 2008: 12). Esta asociación entre memoria, identidad y viaje ha venido a jugar un papel fundamental en la ficción en español de última generación, que desde ambas orillas ha sido protagonizada por una generación de escritores caracterizados por tener una identidad en tránsito, transcultural y mutante. Son una generación de escritores que participa de una concepción narrativa que supera ampliamente los márgenes discursivos habituales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y ahora escriben en el siglo XXI y para el siglo XXI. Este tipo de literatura pretende sobrevolar las fronteras (geográficas, genéricas, mediales e identitarias) para defender la idea de una América latina más global, híbrida y urbana

La enseñanza del español de América a través del cine. Algunas propuestas didácticas para un aprendizaje intercultural

Este trabajo se presenta como un acercamiento práctico a la enseñanza de las variedades del español de América a través de la explotación didáctica de varias escenas de un corpus de seis películas en total. Está concebido para que los alumnos de niveles más altos (B2, C1, C2) que hayan estudiado la variedad peninsular tengan herramientas para reconocer las particularidades de las principales variedades americanas (centroamericana-mexicana, rioplatense y caribeña), sobre todo en cuanto a cuestiones de fórmulas de tratamiento, léxico y fonética. Además, aprovecharemos la gran oportunidad que nos brindan los textos cinematográficos y usaremos la temática planteada en las escenas para crear una clase comunicativa y abierta al debate para propiciar un aprendizaje intercultural.This work is presented as a practical approach to the teaching of Spanish varieties in America through didactic exploitation of several scenes from a corpus of six films in total. It is designed for students of higher levels (B2, C1, C2) that have studied the peninsular variety and have the tools to recognize the particularities of the varieties from Mexico, Río de la Plata and the Caribbean, especially in terms of treatment issues, vocabulary and phonetics. In addition, we will use the great opportunity the film texts give us in order to use the thematic of the scenes to create a communicative class and to promote an intercultural learning.Universidad de Granada. Máster Universitario en Enseñanza de ELE: Lengua, Cultura y Metodologí

Evolution of a Cognitive Architecture for Social Robots: Integrating Behaviors and Symbolic Knowledge

[EN] This paper presents the evolution of a robotic architecture intended for controlling autonomous social robots. The first instance of this architecture was originally designed according to behavior-based principles. The building blocks of this architecture were behaviors designed as a finite state machine and organized in an ethological inspired way. However, the need of managing explicit symbolic knowledge in human–robot interaction required the integration of planning capabilities into the architecture and a symbolic representation of the environment and the internal state of the robot. A major contribution of this paper is the description of the working memory that integrates these two approaches. This working memory has been implemented as a distributed graph. Another contribution is the use of behavior trees instead of state machine for implementing the behavior-based part of the architecture. This late version of the architecture has been tested in robotic competitions (RoboCup or European Robotics League, among others), whose performance is also discussed in this paper.SIEuropean Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 732410.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidade

Effect of Wakame and Carob Pod Snacks on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Snacks combining different functional ingredients could represent a useful therapeutic strategy against NAFLD. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of two snack formulations based on carob and wakame flour in the treatment for NAFLD in rats. For this purpose, metabolic syndrome was induced in 50 adult rats by a high-fat high-fructose diet over eight weeks. After this period, rats were fed either normal calorie diets supplemented or not with snack A (1/50 wakame/carob pod) and snack B (1/5 wakame/carob pod) for four additional weeks. After sacrifice, liver composition and serum parameters were analyzed. Different pathways of triacylglycerol metabolism in liver were studied including fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride assembly and release, fatty acid uptake and glucose uptake. Oxidative stress was also measured. Snack treatment, and mainly B snack, reduced liver triacylglycerol levels by increasing fat oxidation. Moreover, this snack reduced oxidative stress. Therefore, this snack formulation could represent an interesting tool useful for fatty liver treatment.This study has been supported by the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology of Spain (INIA: RTA2014-0037-C02), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn) and Basque Government (IT-572-13)

Aysén Reserva de Vida: energía, mercantilización y resistencias en la Patagonia chilena

This article analyzes the situation of energy in the Chilean region of Aysén, in recent years. The singularities generated by its late full incorporation into the national territory, its composition and the tensions in the area, which reflect the broader problems of Chile and Patagonia are observed. The focus of the investigation is the open conflict around the mega-dam installation project called HidroAysén, which sparked a series of resistance and enhanced experiences such as the EnercoopAysen electric cooperative. The objective is to analyze the immediate consequences of the reactions to the role assigned to the region in the national energy matrix by the executive power. A qualitative methodology is used, based on semi-structured interviews with key informants. The interviews were carried out in Aysén and Santiago de Chile in January 2019. The results show the power of the movement of Aysén to impose its concerns on the national political agenda, which made it possible to stop the construction of the dams but not to institute an alternative energy regime. The main conclusion is that, despite the difficulties imposed by the prevailing neoliberal regulations in Chile, the experience of the Aysén social movement could pave the way for new languages of valuation.Este artículo analiza la realidad energética reciente de la región chilena de Aysén. Se examinan las singularidades que le otorgó su tardía incorporación plena al territorio nacional, su composición y las tensiones de la zona, que reflejan problemáticas más amplias de Chile y de la Patagonia. El eje del artículo está puesto en el conflicto abierto en torno al proyecto de instalación de megarepresas denominado HidroAysén, el cual provocó resistencias y potenció experiencias como la cooperativa eléctrica EnercoopAysen. Los objetivos son reconstruir y analizar las consecuencias inmediatas de las reacciones al rol asignado a la región en la matriz energética nacional, por parte del poder ejecutivo. La metodología empleada es cualitativa, sustentada en entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, representativos de distintos grupos involucrados de forma directa o indirecta en el conflicto. Fueron realizadas en Aysén y Santiago de Chile en enero de 2019. Los resultados dan cuenta de la potencia del movimiento social de Aysén para imponer sus preocupaciones en la agenda política nacional, lo cual posibilitó detener la construcción de las represas, pero no instituir una gestión energética alternativa. La principal conclusión es que, pese a las dificultades impuestas por la normativa neoliberal imperante en Chile, la experiencia del movimiento social de Aysén podría abrir camino para nuevos lenguajes de valoración