Soroprevalência de infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori em pacientes chagásicos crônicos e na população urbana e rural de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil

As patients with chronic Chagas disease exhibit morphological and functional changes of the stomach (hypomotility and hypochlorhydria), malnutrition, immunological deficiency and high prevalence of peptic disease associated to Helicobater pylori infection, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the prevalence of H. pylori infection in chronic chagasic is higher than in non-chagasic individuals in the urban and rural population from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Serological determination of IgG antibodies to H. pylori was performed using a second-generation ELISA. Thus, 598 people were evaluated: 128 chagasic (CG), 222 non-chagasic living in urban area (U-NCG) and 248 non-chagasic living in rural area (R-NCG). Regarding the age range from 21 to 50 years, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the CG (85.1%) was significantly higher than in the U-NCG (56.3%, p < 0.01) and the R-NCG (67.4%, p < 0.05). In the patients over 50 years, the prevalence in the CG (86.4%) was similar to the U-NCG (78.8%) and R-NCG (86.1%). Similar results were also found between the U-NCG and R-NCG for all age ranges, with prevalence rates of 29.1% and 35.3% for the age range from 5 to 13 years, and 47.2% and 40% for that from 14 to 20 years, respectively. We conclude that chagasic patients showed a higher seroprevalence of H. pylori infection than non-chagasic individuals, in the age range from 21 to 50 years, and that the prevalence of this infection was similar in the studied urban and rural non-chagasic population.Como pacientes na fase crônica da doença de Chagas podem ter alterações morfológicas e funcionais do estômago (hipomotilidade e hipocloridria), desnutrição, deficiência imunológica e altas prevalências de doença péptica associada à infecção pelo H. pylori, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a prevalência desta infecção em chagásicos crônicos é maior do que em indivíduos não chagásicos, na população urbana e rural de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Determinação sorológica de anticorpos IgG para o H. pylori foi realizada utilizando um teste ELISA de segunda geração. Assim, avaliamos 598 pessoas: 128 chagásicos (GC), 222 não chagásicos moradores da área urbana (GNC-U) e 248 não chagásicos moradores da área rural (GNC-R). Na faixa etária de 21 a 50 anos a prevalência de infecção pelo H. pylori no GC (85,1%) foi significativamente maior do que no GNC-U (56,3%, p < 0,01) e do que no GNC-R (67,4%, p < 0,05). Nos indivíduos acima de 50 anos, a prevalência no GC (86,4%) foi semelhante ao GNC-U (78,8%) e GNC-R (86,1%). Resultados semelhantes também foram encontrados entre o GNC-U e GNC-R para todas as faixas etárias, com prevalências de 29,1% e 35,3% para a faixa etária de 5 a 13 anos e 47,2% e 40% naquela de 14 a 20 anos, respectivamente. Concluímos que indivíduos com doença de Chagas crônica mostraram mais alta soroprevalência de infecção pelo H. pylori do que indivíduos não chagásicos, na faixa etária de 21 a 50 anos, e que a soroprevalência desta infecção foi semelhante na população não chagásica urbana e rural

Potências-limites no quotidiano da adesão à reabilitação de pessoas com lesão medular e suas famílias

Objective: to understand the strengths and limits in the daily life of the adherence to rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury and their families. Method: an interpretive study of a qualitative nature, based on Comprehensive and Everyday Life Sociology, involving 21 participants, 12 individuals with spinal cord injury and 9 family members, in a Specialized Rehabilitation Center in southern Brazil. The sources of evidence were individual and collective interviews, adopting the strategy of workshops for data validation. The Atlas.ti software was used for data collation and organization. Data analysis involved the following stages: preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding, and categorization. Results: the following categories and subcategories were found: Strengths in the adherence to rehabilitation-welcoming and walking side by side; rehabilitation: a return to life; coexistence that brings the family together, as well as practicing faith. Limits on the adherence to rehabilitation-(d)efficiency of the health professionals in health care. Conclusion: rehabilitation was evidenced as a possibility of returning to life, which enables coexistence among equals and stimulates self-care and adaptation. The family rescues the desire to live, and faith is a mechanism of hope and optimism. It is noteworthy that the welcoming deficit in Primary Health Care and the scarcity of rehabilitation care services in the hospital determine the onset of avoidable complications, in addition to the lack of guidance and/or referrals, characterizing a gap in the Referral and Counter-Referral System.Objetivo: compreender as potências e os limites no quotidiano da adesão à reabilitação de pessoas com lesão medular e suas famílias. Método: estudo interpretativo de natureza qualitativa, fundamentado na Sociologia Compreensiva e do Quotidiano, envolvendo 21 participantes, sendo 12 pessoas com lesão medular e 09 familiares, em um Centro Especializado de Reabilitação no sul do Brasil. As fontes de evidências foram entrevistas individuais e coletivas, adotando-se, para estas, a estratégia de oficinas para validação dos dados. Para o agrupamento e organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti. A análise dos dados envolveu: análise preliminar, ordenação, ligações-chave, codificação e categorização. Resultados: evidenciaram as categorias e subcategorias: Potências na adesão à reabilitação - acolher e caminhar junto; reabilitação: um retorno à vida; a convivência que aproxima a família, bem como praticar a fé. Limites na adesão à reabilitação - (d)eficiência dos profissionais de saúde no cuidado. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a reabilitação como uma possibilidade de retorno à vida, que possibilita a convivência entre iguais, estimula o autocuidado e a adaptação. A família resgata o querer viver, e a fé é um mecanismo de esperança e otimismo. Ressalta-se que o déficit de acolhimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde e a escassez de cuidados de reabilitação no âmbito hospitalar determinam o aparecimento de complicações evitáveis, além da falta da orientação e/ou encaminhamentos, caracterizando uma falha no Sistema de Referência e Contrarreferência.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of Lipodystrophy on the prevalence and components of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients

BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected patients, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with clinical lipodystrophy (CL) and metabolic abnormalities (MA). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, and to determine whether patients with or without CL had a different prevalence of MA. METHODS: We evaluated 345 HIV-infected patients on cART using two different MS definitions (NCEP-ATPIII-2005 and IDF-2005) and the Framingham risk score. RESULTS: CL was present in 58.7% of the patients. The prevalence of the MS was 52.2% (ATPIII) and 43.2% (IDF), and it was not significantly different between patients with (W) or without (WT) CL, regardless of the definition used (ATPIII WCL 52.9% vs WT CL 51.1%; p = 0.738; IDF WCL 41.3% vs WTCL 46.0%; p = 0.379). Moderate concordance was observed between the 2 definitions (kappa = 0.484; p < 0.001) and after gender stratification there was good concordance in women (kappa = 0.759; p < 0.001). Patients with CL had lower waist circumference and HDL-C and higher triglycerides levels. In women, CL was significantly associated with MS, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol independently of age, cART and BMI. Patients with CL had a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease at 10 years, measured by the Framingham risk score, than patients without CL. Those with CL and with MS had higher frequencies of moderate and high risk categories than those without MS. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the MS was high in these HIV-infected patients with an age average of 40 years and this finding could explain why HIV patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Spinocerebellar ataxia : functional analysis of the stomatognathic system

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the cerebellum, especially in elderly individuals, cause impairment of motor coordination and quality of life. The presente study evaluated the electromyographic activity and thickness of the right and left masseter and temporal muscles, and the maximum molar bite force of individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia. Twenty-eight individuals were divided into two groups: those with (n=14) and without (n=14) spinocerebellar ataxia. Data on the masticatory muscles obtained from the electromyographic activity (resting, right and left laterality and protrusion), muscle thickness (maximal voluntary contraction and tensile strength) and maximum bite force (right and left) were tabulated and descriptive analysis using Student?s t-test (P ? 0.05). In the comparison between groups, greater electromyographic activity was demonstrated for individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia, with a statistically significant difference in protrusion and laterality for the temporal muscles (P = 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for masticatory muscles thickness in the conditions evaluated. For maximum molar bite force, the group with spinocerebellar ataxia showed lower bite force (P ? 0.05). The data obtained suggest that spinocerebellar ataxia promotes functional reduction in the stomatognathic system, mainly affecting the electromyographic activity and bite force, hindering chewing, with a resultant alteration of nutritional intake and a decrease of quality of life

Alterations in the stomatognathic system due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objectives: To compare the molar bite force, electromyographic activity, chewing efficiency and thickness of the masseter and temporalis muscles in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy individuals. Material and Methods: Thirty individuals enrolled in the study were divided into the study group (with ALS, n=15) and control group (healthy individuals, n=15). Data regarding molar bite force (right and left), electromyographic activity (mandibular rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, and maximum voluntary contraction), chewing efficiency (habitual and non-habitual), and masticatory muscle thickness (rest and maximum voluntary contraction) were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis (Student’s t-test, p≤0.05). Results: Comparisons between the groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the electromyographic activity of the right masseter (p=0.03) and left masseter (p=0.03) muscles during mandibular rest; left masseter (p=0.00), right temporalis (p=0.00), and left temporalis (p=0.03) muscles during protrusion; and right masseter (p=0.00), left masseter (p=0.00), and left temporalis (p=0.00) muscles during left laterality, in individuals with ALS as compared with healthy individuals. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the habitual chewing efficiency of the right masseter (p=0.00) and right temporalis (p=0.04) muscles in individuals with ALS. No statistically significant difference between the groups was found the masticatory muscle thickness and maximal molar bite force. Conclusions: ALS may lead to modifications in the activities of the stomatognathic system, including muscular hyperactivity and reduction in chewing efficiency; however, no change has been observed in the masticatory muscle thickness and molar bite force

A RELEVÂNCIA DA FAMÍLIA NO ATUAL CONTEXTO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS: a política de assistência social e a política antidrogas

Análise das implicações do neoliberalismo para as políticas sociais e para a família. Aborda a família no processo de construção das políticas de Assistência Social e Antidrogas no atual contexto das políticas neoliberais, problematizando o significado da relevância da família no atual contexto, a partir de documentos oficiais das referidas políticas públicas. 

PLUMBAGINALES: A PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT Plumbaginales belongs to the superorder Malviflorae and comprises two families, Plumbaginaceae and Limoniaceae. Its representatives are chemically characterized by the presence of naphthoquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids, many of them being the responsible for biodynamic activities. The extracts of some species of Plumbaginales and also some isolated compounds revealed to be of great importance in the search of new drugs, since they have been described in literature for the treatment of many diseases such as: leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, malaria, cancer and others. Plants represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds and should be investigated, as a promise in the development of effective, ready available and lesscostly drug

Perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide loaded SLN-tailored mAb: production, physicochemical characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity profile in MCF-7 cell lines

We have developed a new cationic solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulation, composed of Compritol ATO 888, poloxamer 188 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), to load perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide, and surface-tailored with a monoclonal antibody for site-specific targeting of human epithelial growth receptor 2 (HER2). Perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide-loaded cationic SLN (cPa-SLN), with a mean particle size (z-Ave) of 275.31 ± 4.78 nm and polydispersity index (PI) of 0.303 ± 0.081, were produced by high shear homogenization. An encapsulation efficiency of cPa-SLN above 80% was achieved. The release of perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide from cationic SLN followed the Korsemeyer–Peppas kinetic model, which is typically seen in nanoparticle formulations. The lipid peroxidation of cPa-SLN was assessed by the capacity to produce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while the antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity to scavenge the stable radical DPPH. The surface functionalization of cPa-SLN with the antibody was done via streptavidin-biotin interaction, monitoring z-Ave, PI and ZP of the obtained assembly (cPa-SLN-SAb), as well as its stability in phosphate buffer. The effect of plain cationic SLN (c-SLN, monoterpene free), cPa-SLN and cPa-SLN-SAb onto the MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated in a concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/mL, confirming that streptavidin adsorption onto cPa-SLN-SAb improved the cell viability in comparison to the cationic cPa-SLN.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, from CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), and from FAPITEC/SE (Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe). E.B. Souto acknowledges the sponsorship of the projects M-ERA-NET-0004/2015-PAIRED and UIDB/04469/2020, receiving support from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Severidade da vassoura-de-bruxa em Cupuaçuzeiro em condições de campo: Severity of witches' broom on Cupuaçu under field conditions

O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng. Schum) é um fruto nativo da região amazônica que apresenta grande potencial econômico, no entanto são necessários os cuidados com seu plantio, principalmente para evitar a vassoura de bruxa que é causada pelo fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa, essa enfermidade provoca deformação, apodrecimento e morte nas partes afetadas do fruto. Além de trazer graves prejuízos para o fruto e para a plantação caso não seja tomada medidas que possam prevenir esse problema.&nbsp; Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo é mostrar a severidade da vassoura-de-bruxa em cupuaçuzeiro em condições de campo. Esse estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas sobre o tema da pesquisa, bem como pesquisas exploratórias e qualitativa. Portanto, como foi mostrado ao longo desse estudo, a vassoura de bruxa pode trazer graves prejuízos para o plantio de cupuaçu. Deve ser tomado medidas para o combate e eliminação dessa doença para que a árvore consiga dar bons frutos