Detection of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica strains in samples of ground hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) reared as pets in the urban area of Santiago, Chile

The breeding of exotic pets has become a popular practice in Chile and, within this group of animals, small mammals such as guinea pigs and hedgehogs have gained importance due to their docile behaviour. The most common exotic hedgehog species in Chile is the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). It has been reported that these pets are reservoirs of some zoonotic pathogens, among which Salmonella enterica constitutes an important threat for the owners. This study aimed to detect the presence of Salmonella strains in faeces from hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) admitted to a veterinary clinic in Santiago, Chile, and to characterise the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains. From 200 animals sampled, S. enterica was detected in 5 hedgehogs, corresponding to serotypes Muenchen (2), Infantis (2) and IV43:z4,z23:- (1). Furthermore, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was determined in all subsp. enterica isolates. These results suggest that in Chile these exotic pets constitute a potential hazard for public health, therefore, supporting educational campaigns about basic biosecurity measures is necessary, mostly aimed at pet owners and risk groups

Aplicación web con énfasis multimedia para la enseñanza – aprendizaje en educación vial en niños de doce a catorce años “Policía Nacional de Transito”, Municipio Matagalpa, año 2013

Esta investigación estudio la problemática que presentan los niños de educación vial, policía nacional de tránsito, Matagalpa, ya que en dicha institución no se promueve ni practica la enseñanza-aprendizaje en forma innovadora, sino con métodos tradicionales, es por ello que el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje se vuelve monótono, ya que hay poca asimilación de los contenidos, falta de interés y motivación por parte de los niños, debido a que la metodología aplicada en la clase, consiste en el método tradicional, (pizarra, libros, papelografo). El propósito de esta investigación radica en evaluar el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje para educación vial en niños de doce a catorce años de la policía nacional de tránsito, municipio Matagalpa, desde una perspectiva de aplicación web con estrategias multimedia. La importancia de esta aplicación web radica en que está hecha a la medida, que da respuesta a dificultades que presentan los estudiantes de educación vial, favoreciendo el aprendizaje de forma dinámica, así mismo les permitirá a la institución contar con una herramienta de apoyo en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de educación vial para una adecuada formación ciudadana. A través de recopilación de información se logró describir que la metodología aplicada en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de educación vial es tradicional, así mismo se identificó donde presentaban mayor dificultad los estudiantes durante el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, la cual fue poco conocimiento sobre la vía pública. Se diseñó una aplicación web denominada SWAV, con herramientas y programas (Paint, Stencyl, audacity) así mismo se creó un manual de usuario que contendrá información referente a las funciones que realizara el softwar

Residencia universitaria en el Cercado de Lima espacios intermedios como elementos de cohesión social

Existe una gran demanda de residencia universitaria actualmente en la ciudad de Lima dada a la poca infraestructura existente por parte del estado y una oferta inadecuada en el mercado inmobiliario para jóvenes universitarios. Del total de becas que se otorga anualmente en el Programa Nacional de Becas (PRONABEC), el 85% son obtenidos por estudiantes de provincias que luego buscan migrar a la capital para seguir sus estudios superiores con el fin de encontrar mejores oportunidades y nuevas experiencias. Ellos y ellas son algunos de los más perjudicados por la falta de este tipo de vivienda dado sus condiciones socioeconómicas. El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional se basa en repensar el diseño de una residencia universitaria para que no solo satisfaga la necesidad de alojamiento de los estudiantes becados, si no también, de fomentar la interacción entre ellos y ellas, considerando que provienen de diferentes culturas y por ende diferentes costumbres, percepciones y maneras de habitar. Para cumplir dicho objetivo, se elabora un estudio sobre la tipología y su situación en el Perú, de sus referentes más destacados internacionalmente y de teorías que contemplen el accionar de la arquitectura en la creación de comunidades interculturales. Consecuentemente, se realiza una serie de pautas de diseño para la composición de cada ambiente que una residencia universitaria para becarios en Lima debe tener. De la misma manera, se establecen estrategias para ubicar dicho proyecto en el entorno urbano que significa el distrito de Cercado de Lima, para que este sea un factor de cambio y mejorar la calidad del espacio público presente en el entorno, tanto para el uso de los estudiantes como para el de los vecinos. Se destaca el uso de los espacios intermedios para generar una transición entre lo privado a lo público y, sobre todo, para crear escenarios ideales para interacciones visuales, diálogos, intercambios culturales y encuentros inesperados.There is currently a great demand for university residence in the city of Lima due to the lack of existing infrastructure on the part of the state and an inadequate offer in the real estate market for this group. The 85% of scholarships awarded annually in the National Scholarship Program (PRONABEC) are obtained by students from the provinces and rural regions who later seek to migrate to the capital to continue their higher studies in order to find better opportunities and new experiences. They are some of the most affected by the lack of this type of housing given their socioeconomic conditions. The present work of professional sufficiency is based on rethinking the design of a university residence so that it not only satisfies the need for accommodation of scholarship students, but also, to encourage interaction between them, considering that they come from different cultures and therefore different customs, perceptions and ways of living. To meet this objective, a study is made on the typology and its situation in Peru, on its most prominent international references and on theories that contemplate the actions of architecture in the creation of intercultural communities. Additionally, a contextual analysis is carried out to find out the best location in the city for a university residence according to the location of universities, higher education institutes, public transport routes and recreation areas. Consequently, a series of design guidelines are made for the composition of each environment that a student residence for scholarship holders in Lima must have. In the same way, strategies are established to locate this project in the urban environment that the district of Cercado de Lima presents, so it became a factor of urban change and improvement of the quality of the public spaces that exists near the chosen location. This urban regeneration aims for the students as well as for the neighbors. The use of the “inbetween” spaces stands out to generate a transition between the private and the public program and, above all, to create ideal settings for visual interactions, dialogues, cultural exchanges and unexpected encounters

VISIONES DE LA EDUCACION FINANCIERA: Analisis y perspectivas.

Este libro es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación por parte de todos los autores quienes integraron los capítulos, por lo que agradecemos su confianza e interés para ser parte de este gran proyecto académico. Gracias a los enlaces de cada una de las Instituciones que aceptaron respaldar este libro: Marlen Rocío Reyes Hernández, Profesora-Investigadora de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Rogelio Valenzuela Díaz, Decano de la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad de Panamá; Samuel Alberto Moreno Peralta, Presidente del Colegio de Economistas de Panamá, a los miembros de la Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Educación Financiera, Asociación Valor México y la Federación de Economistas de la República Mexicana. Asimismo, hacemos una deferencia a los jóvenes talentosos que acompañaron en la coordinación del documento final, entrañables alumnos, becarios y amigos: Julio César Silva Vázquez y Alfredo Larry Vargas Hernández, que estamos convencidas que alcanzarán todas sus metas que se propongan en la vida. También es necesario reconocer a nuestras amadas familias que compartieron el tiempo de convivencia, para que lográramos la realización de este libroVisiones de la educación financiera: análisis y perspectivas es una obra que enmarca la importancia de la educación financiera en la sociedad en el contexto actual. Las decisiones que en este tema realiza un individuo pueden impactar positiva o negativamente su estabilidad económica por un periodo indeterminado, es aquí cuando la educación financiera actúa como una herramienta trascendental en su bienestar personal. Además de tener la función de armadura ante las batallas que se libran en los mercados —como la crisis financiera de 2008— funge como dinamizador de las economías al potenciar los proyectos de inversión con el aumento del emprendedurismo, impactando así en las variables macroeconómicas. Esta área del conocimiento ha adquirido importancia y popularidad a nivel internacional a raíz de las crisis económicas de los últimos años, sin embargo, aún existen, entre otras, brechas sociodemográficas, culturales, económicas, que no permiten el acceso a estas enseñanzas, excluyendo parte de la población del proceso del bienestar económico. Para ejemplificar esta desigualdad, en los capítulos se plasma un panorama internacional de la educación financiera, considerando las implicaciones y retos que han tenido las estrategias nacionales de educación financiera a nivel mundial

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Study: Exploring the Home Language Maintenance and Bilingual Development of Espa�ol-English Bilingual Elementary-Aged Students Using a Family Language Policy Framework

The current longitudinal, mixed-methods dissertation explored how various Family Language Policy (FLP) factors (including parent and child language ideologies, practices, and management) influence Espa�ol-English (hereafter, Espa�Eng) bilingual students’ home language maintenance/loss and their bilingual development. Espa�Eng bilingual students, who have been commonly referred to as English Learners or Emergent Bilinguals, are students whose first or home language is Spanish and who are simultaneously or sequentially acquiring English. Despite their bilingualism, Espa�Eng bilingual students attend schools in the United States that uphold monoglossic language ideologies, which promote English monolingualism and the separation of languages, failing to acknowledge and value their bilingual linguistic repertoire. Such monoglossic language ideologies, which promote English acquisition at the expense of students’ home language development, puts Espa�Eng bilingual students at risk of both losing their home language and being labeled as academically and linguistically deficient. The purpose of this study was to provide an anti-deficit perspective of Espa�Eng bilingual students and their families by acknowledging and honoring their full linguistic repertoire, not solely their English proficiency. Interviews with eight parents and 18 Espa�Eng bilingual students (nine of whom are in EO classrooms and nine of whom are in DL classrooms), along with dyadic family interviews and longitudinal English and Spanish tests of achievement results for these students, informed the results of this study. In regard to FLP, students in both EO and DL classrooms were exposed to a language separation ideology both at home and at school. Most students took roles as language teachers and translators, which was an exception to the language separation ideology, while other students rejected their parents Spanish-only rule at home. While parents and children in DL classrooms identified fear of home language loss and the necessity to speak Spanish at home as motivation for their language management, parents and children in EO classrooms cited their desire to compensate for the child’s lack of exposure to Spanish instruction at school, as well as traveling and future job benefits, all as motivation for their language management. For the most part, with only a few exceptions, students in both DL and EO classrooms experienced growth in their Spanish and English levels of proficiency and development. This growth may have been a sign of home language maintenance. Despite their growth, students in DL classrooms outperformed students in EO classrooms in both Spanish and English proficiency and development. Even if the tests of achievement deemed students in EO classrooms’ Spanish reading, math, and writing proficiencies to be limited, students’ self-reported proficiencies highlighted how these students’ Spanish speaking/verbal abilities were high in that they successfully translated for their loved ones, “teach [taught]” others how to speak either Spanish or English, and communicated with linguistically diverse individuals. The findings from this study have implications for ways in which parents, students, teachers, administrators, policy makers, and other key stakeholders can foster home language maintenance and more accurately measure and honor Espa�Eng bilingual students’ bilingual development, regardless of whether they are in DL or EO classrooms. All parents in this study aspired to raise bilingual and biliterate children but used different means (i.e., language of instruction) to meet such aspiration

Eight years of hepatitis B vaccination in Colombia with a recombinant vaccine: factors influencing hepatitis B virus infection and effectiveness

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine used in endemic areas of Colombia, as well as risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage after vaccine introduction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban and rural areas of the Colombian Amazon, a highly endemic area for hepatitis B infection. Children under 12 years of age and their mothers were selected for the study using one-stage cluster sampling (N = 2145) and were examined for HBV serological markers and antibodies against surface antigen (anti-HBs). Results: There has been a reduction of 60-75% in the prevalence of HBV infection and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage since HBV vaccination was introduced. Receiving the first dose of HBV vaccine at more than two months after birth was one of the factors associated with HBV carrier status. Maternal HBV infection was also associated with infection in the child. Conclusions: The recombinant Cuban hepatitis B vaccine has contributed to the reduction of the infection in this highly endemic area, though further efforts are required to improve timely vaccination for children at high risk. (c) 2007 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Acta oto-rino-laringologica ibero-americana

Background: Latina intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors often face great barriers to depression care. We sought to use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to create and evaluate a community-based depression care program for Latina IPV survivors. Methods: We created a multifaceted, culturally tailored intervention, based on principles of chronic illness management. A promotora provided case management services and led 12 weekly group sessions. Participants completed surveys at baseline and 6 months and participated in open-ended exit interviews. Results: Ten Spanish-speaking Latina women participated in the intervention. The program had excellent attendance, with 100% of women attending at least 10 group sessions, and high satisfaction. We found a large decrease in depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9, 17.3–7.2; p = .001), as well as improvements in depression self-efficacy, self-esteem, and stress. Conclusion: This study offers promising preliminary data to support the use of community-based approaches to reducing depression disparities in Latina IPV survivors