Constas, Mark A., The Changing Nature of Educational Research and a Critique of Postmodernism, Educational Researcher, 27(March, 1998), 26-33.*

Explains postmodernism and its influence on educational research; discusses three problems it poses--distinction, expistemological genre, and procedural infomality; critiques its reluctance to arrive at conclusions, to suggest practical implications, and to fall victim to its own desire to free inquiry from oppressive conditions

Resilient food systems – A proposed analytical strategy for empirical applications

The food systems concept has attracted a considerable amount of attention as it provides an opportunity to better understand and represent the array of factors that explain food security in a comprehensive and holistic manner. The value-added proposition of food systems resilience is that the ability to respond to shocks and stressors may be incorporated into such explanations. The qualities that make food system resilience attractive, however, also make it difficult to model in empirical terms. This paper, by drawing on the literature of food systems and on the measurement of resilience, demonstrates how food systems resilience can be measured at a country level. Clustering countries into regions shows that North America and Oceania have the highest levels of food systems resilience, followed by Europe and North Africa and Western Asia. Food systems resilience is lower in Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia and sub-Saharan countries exhibited the lowest levels of food systems resilience. In low- and middle-income countries, increasing market resilience plays a significant role in increasing overall food systems resilience. This working paper has been developed as a background document for The State of Food and Agriculture 2021 – Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses

Measuring progress toward the Malabo Declaration goals in the midst of COVID-19: A measurement approach for a health systems-sensitive resilience score

As an outgrowth of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods (AUC 2014) established both a clear strategic direction and a well-articulated set of agriculture-focused strategic priorities for Africa. Beyond the two overarching commitments to supporting the CAADP process and enhancing investments, the Malabo Declaration drew attention to the goals of achieving zero hunger, halving poverty, boosting intra-African trade in agricultural commodities and services, enhancing the resilience of livelihoods and production systems to climate variability and other shocks, and building mutual accountability to actions and results. With climate change pressures, much of the work on resilience, in connection with the Malabo Declaration and other initiatives, is justifiably based in weather-related shocks. The protracted and pervasive effects of a global pandemic have, however, altered the range of risks to which resilience may be viewed as a strategic response. The present chapter is therefore motivated by the need to explore how indicators related to the shocks and stresses caused by COVID-19 may be incorporated into the CAADP measurement process.PRIFPRI4; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Feed the Future Initiative; ReSAKSSAF