46 research outputs found
Employee, Manage Thyself: The Potentially Negative Implications Of Expecting Employees To Behave Proactively
Previous research investigating proactive behaviour at work has generally focused on the ways in which proactive behaviour enables individuals and organizations to be more effective. Although it has been noted that some proactive behaviours may be undesirable or have potentially negative consequences, researchers have not examined the âdark sideâ of proactive behaviour in any systematic way. In this conceptual paper, we explore the potentially negative individual and organizational implications of expecting employees to behave proactively. Specifically, at the individual level, we argue that expecting proactive behaviour in organizations may contribute to stress among employees and friction between proactive and less proactive employees. At the organizational level, we suggest that relying on proactive behaviour may cause harm to an organization by undermining its ability to socialize employees and foster its organizational culture, weakening its learning capability, and reducing its ability to develop future leaders. We conclude by discussing additional avenues for studies examining the potential costs of proactive behaviour for both individuals and organizations alike
Employee, Manage Thyself: The Potentially Negative Implications Of Expecting Employees To Behave Proactively
Previous research investigating proactive behaviour at work has generally focused on the ways in which proactive behaviour enables individuals and organizations to be more effective. Although it has been noted that some proactive behaviours may be undesirable or have potentially negative consequences, researchers have not examined the âdark sideâ of proactive behaviour in any systematic way. In this conceptual paper, we explore the potentially negative individual and organizational implications of expecting employees to behave proactively. Specifically, at the individual level, we argue that expecting proactive behaviour in organizations may contribute to stress among employees and friction between proactive and less proactive employees. At the organizational level, we suggest that relying on proactive behaviour may cause harm to an organization by undermining its ability to socialize employees and foster its organizational culture, weakening its learning capability, and reducing its ability to develop future leaders. We conclude by discussing additional avenues for studies examining the potential costs of proactive behaviour for both individuals and organizations alike
The HiZELS/UKIRT large area survey for bright Lyman-alpha emitters at z~9
We present the largest area survey to date (1.4 deg2) for Lyman-alpha
emitters (LAEs) at z~9, as part of the Hi-z Emission Line Survey (HiZELS). The
survey, which primarily targets H-alpha emitters at z < 3, uses the Wide Field
CAMera on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope and a custom narrow-band filter
in the J band to reach a Lyman-alpha luminosity limit of ~10^43.8 erg/s over a
co-moving volume of 1.12x10^6 Mpc^3 at z = 8.96+-0.06. Two candidates were
found out of 1517 line emitters, but those were rejected as LAEs after
follow-up observations. This improves the limit on the space density of bright
Lyman-alpha emitters by 3 orders of magnitude and is consistent with
suppression of the bright end of the Lyman-alpha luminosity function beyond
z~6. Combined with upper limits from smaller but deeper surveys, this rules out
some of the most extreme models for high-redshift Lyman-alpha emitters. The
potential contamination of narrow-band Lyman-alpha surveys at z>7 by Galactic
brown dwarf stars is also examined, leading to the conclusion that such
contamination may well be significant for searches at 7.7 < z < 8.0, 9.1 < z <
9.5 and 11.7 < z < 12.2.Comment: To appear in proceedings of "UKIRT at 30: A British Success Story
HiZELS: the High Redshift Emission Line Survey with UKIRT
In these proceedings we report on HiZELS, the High-z Emission Line Survey,
our successful panoramic narrow-band Campaign Survey using WFCAM on UKIRT to
detect and study emission line galaxies at z~1-9. HiZELS employs the H2(S1)
narrow-band filter together with custom-made narrow-band filters in the J and
H-bands, with the primary aim of delivering large, identically-selected samples
of H-alpha emitting galaxies at redshifts of 0.84, 1.47 and 2.23. Comparisons
between the luminosity function, the host galaxy properties, the clustering,
and the variation with environment of these H-alpha-selected samples are
yielding unique constraints on the nature and evolution of star-forming
galaxies, across the peak epoch of star-formation activity in the Universe. We
provide a summary of the project status, and detail the main scientific results
obtained so far: the measurement of the evolution of the cosmic star-formation
rate density out to z > 2 using a single star-formation indicator,
determination of the morphologies, environments and dust-content of the
star-forming galaxies, and a detailed investigation of the evolution of their
clustering properties. We also summarise the on-going work and future goals of
the project.Comment: To appear in proceedings of "UKIRT at 30: A British Success Story"
ADVISE: AI-accelerated Design of Evidence Synthesis for Global Development
When designing evidence-based policies and programs, decision-makers must
distill key information from a vast and rapidly growing literature base.
Identifying relevant literature from raw search results is time and resource
intensive, and is often done by manual screening. In this study, we develop an
AI agent based on a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers
(BERT) model and incorporate it into a human team designing an evidence
synthesis product for global development. We explore the effectiveness of the
human-AI hybrid team in accelerating the evidence synthesis process. To further
improve team efficiency, we enhance the human-AI hybrid team through active
learning (AL). Specifically, we explore different sampling strategies,
including random sampling, least confidence (LC) sampling, and highest priority
(HP) sampling, to study their influence on the collaborative screening process.
Results show that incorporating the BERT-based AI agent into the human team can
reduce the human screening effort by 68.5% compared to the case of no AI
assistance and by 16.8% compared to the case of using a support vector machine
(SVM)-based AI agent for identifying 80% of all relevant documents. When we
apply the HP sampling strategy for AL, the human screening effort can be
reduced even more: by 78.3% for identifying 80% of all relevant documents
compared to no AI assistance. We apply the AL-enhanced human-AI hybrid teaming
workflow in the design process of three evidence gap maps (EGMs) for USAID and
find it to be highly effective. These findings demonstrate how AI can
accelerate the development of evidence synthesis products and promote timely
evidence-based decision making in global development in a human-AI hybrid
teaming context.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, to be published in the proceedings of IDETC-CIE
202
Software engineering to sustain a high-performance computing scientific application: QMCPACK
We provide an overview of the software engineering efforts and their impact
in QMCPACK, a production-level ab-initio Quantum Monte Carlo open-source code
targeting high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Aspects included are: (i)
strategic expansion of continuous integration (CI) targeting CPUs, using GitHub
Actions runners, and NVIDIA and AMD GPUs in pre-exascale systems, using
self-hosted hardware; (ii) incremental reduction of memory leaks using
sanitizers, (iii) incorporation of Docker containers for CI and
reproducibility, and (iv) refactoring efforts to improve maintainability,
testing coverage, and memory lifetime management. We quantify the value of
these improvements by providing metrics to illustrate the shift towards a
predictive, rather than reactive, sustainable maintenance approach. Our goal,
in documenting the impact of these efforts on QMCPACK, is to contribute to the
body of knowledge on the importance of research software engineering (RSE) for
the sustainability of community HPC codes and scientific discovery at scale.Comment: Accepted at the first US-RSE Conference, USRSE2023,
https://us-rse.org/usrse23/, 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 table
Discovery Of Cold, Pristine Gas Possibly Accreting Onto An Overdensity Of Star-Forming Galaxies At Redshift z ~ 1.6
We report the discovery of large amounts of cold (T ~ 10^4 K), chemically
young gas in an overdensity of galaxies at redshift z ~ 1.6 in the Great
Observatories Origins Deep Survey southern field (GOODS-S). The gas is
identified thanks to the ultra-strong Mg II absorption features it imprints in
the rest-frame UV spectra of galaxies in the background of the overdensity.
There is no evidence that the optically-thick gas is part of any massive galaxy
(i.e. M_star > 4x10^9 M_sun), but rather is associated with the overdensity;
less massive and fainter galaxies (25.5 < z_850 < 27.5 mag) have too large an
impact parameter to be causing ultra-strong absorption systems, based on our
knowledge of such systems. The lack of corresponding Fe II absorption features,
not detected even in co-added spectra, suggests that the gas is chemically more
pristine than the ISM and outflows of star-forming galaxies at similar
redshift, including those in the overdensity itself, and comparable to the most
metal-poor stars in the Milky Way halo. A crude estimate of the projected
covering factor of the high-column density gas (N_H >~ 10^20 cm-2) based on the
observed fraction of galaxies with ultra-strong absorbers is C_F ~ 0.04. A
broad, continuum absorption profile extending to the red of the interstellar Mg
II absorption line by <~ 2000 km/s is possibly detected in two independent
co-added spectra of galaxies of the overdensity, consistent with a large-scale
infall motion of the gas onto the overdensity and its galaxies. Overall, these
findings provides the first tentative evidence of accretion of cold, chemically
young gas onto galaxies at high redshift, possibly feeding their star formation
activity. The fact that the galaxies are members of a large structure, as
opposed to field galaxies, might play a significant role in our ability to
detect the accreting gas.Comment: 57 pages, 17 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication by ApJ (Aug
9, 2011); minor modifications to match the accepted versio
Haplotype divergence supports long-term asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova
Sex strongly impacts genome evolution via recombination and segregation. In the absence of these processes, haplotypes within lineages of diploid organisms are predicted to accumulate mutations independently of each other and diverge over time. This so-called "Meselson effect" is regarded as a strong indicator of the long-term evolution under obligate asexuality. Here, we present genomic and transcriptomic data of three populations of the asexual oribatid mite species Oppiella nova and its sexual relative Oppiella subpectinata We document strikingly different patterns of haplotype divergence between the two species, strongly supporting Meselson effect-like evolution and long-term asexuality in O. nova: I) variation within individuals exceeds variation between populations in O. nova but vice versa in O. subpectinata; II) two O. nova sublineages feature a high proportion of lineage-specific heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indicating that haplotypes continued to diverge after lineage separation; III) the deepest split in gene trees generally separates the two haplotypes in O. nova, but populations in O. subpectinata; and IV) the topologies of the two haplotype trees match each other. Our findings provide positive evidence for the absence of canonical sex over evolutionary time in O. nova and suggest that asexual oribatid mites can escape the dead-end fate usually associated with asexual lineages
Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: TARIAâMeDALL hypothesis
Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of âone-airway-one-disease,â coined over 20âyears ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitization and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definitions, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches, and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut, and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the âEpithelial Barrier Hypothesis.â This review determined that the âone-airway-one-diseaseâ concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme âallergicâ (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio