The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level

Abstract Background Culicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Methods Portion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Results Our analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus. Conclusions To our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region

Correction to: The tree that hides the forest : cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level

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Contribution of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and UV detections for the analysis of a complex vegetable oil – Application for characterization of a Kniphofia uvaria extract

AbstractLipids are an important and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds present in all biological entities. They play many essential roles in the survival of the organisms. Analysis of lipids is extremely complex due to their large variety of chemistries. In this work, we describe an innovative method for the characterization of the lipid composition in a complex and unknown vegetable oil: an extract of Kniphofia uvaria seeds; using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI), High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and UV detections. Thanks to the properties of supercritical CO2 allowing the use of a large number of chromatographic columns, an effective separation for this complex matrix was obtained

L’albitisation dans le granite de Lansac-StArnac : paroxysme de la métasomatosesodique pyrénéenne au Crétacé

National audienceLa métasomatose sodique se traduit par une albitisation desroches. Elle résulte de la circulation de fluides d’origine crustale oude surface. On l’observe dans des contextes géologiques très variés,la fréquence du phénomène étant due au caractère ubiquistedes circulations de fluides dans les milieux naturels et à la grandesolubilité du sodium dans ces fluides – Na se trouve ainsi parmi lesplus mobiles des cations dans les fluides géologiques. Le contextegéodynamique crétacé des Pyrénées – extension lithosphérique entrainantl’exhumation de roches mantelliques en surface et fortflux de chaleur associé – est particulièrement propice à la mise encirculations de fluides géologiques sur des échelles régionales. Lesminéralisations en talc-chlorite et albitites sont ainsi reconnues ende multiples endroits du versant nord actuel des Pyrénées. Dansle granite de Lansac-St Arnac et son encaissant gneissique (Massifde l’Agly, Pyrénées Orientales), l’albitisation des roches estsuffisamment développée pour faire l’objet d’une exploitation industrielle.Pour cet exemple précis, un modèle de formation desalbitites par des processus magmatiques, stipulant que ces rochespourraient représenter des intrusions, a été proposé (Demange etal., 1999 – C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 329), alors que Pascal (1979 –Thèse non publiée, ENS Mines Paris) invoquait une origine métasomatique.Dans ce travail, nous avons examiné les affleurementsle long des fronts de taille ouverts en exploitation, étudié la pétrographie,caractérisé les distributions élémentaires des roches albitiséeset des granitoïdes associés (campagne d’échantillonnagedédiée et utilisation de centaines d’analyses mises à dispositionpar l’entreprise Imerys exploitant le feldspath) et entrepris uneétude géochronologique U-Th-Pb des minéraux urano-thorifèresspécifiques des albitites (titanite, rutile) et des granitoïdes (zircon).Nous concluons sans ambigüité à une origine métasomatiquedes roches albitisées, où la dissolution du quartz (épisyénitisation)précède la métasomatose sodique (albitisation). L’altération estdatée entre 108 et 96 Ma. L’albitisation dans le granite de Lansac-St Arnac constitue ainsi le paroxysme de l’altération sodique albocénomaniennedans les Pyrénées, de la même manière que legisement de Trimouns (Massif du St Barthélémy) représente leparoxysme de l’altération talco-chloriteuse de la région à la mêmepériode

Contribution of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and UV detections for the analysis of a complex vegetable oil – Application for characterization of a Kniphofia uvaria extract

AbstractLipids are an important and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds present in all biological entities. They play many essential roles in the survival of the organisms. Analysis of lipids is extremely complex due to their large variety of chemistries. In this work, we describe an innovative method for the characterization of the lipid composition in a complex and unknown vegetable oil: an extract of Kniphofia uvaria seeds; using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI), High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) and UV detections. Thanks to the properties of supercritical CO2 allowing the use of a large number of chromatographic columns, an effective separation for this complex matrix was obtained

Hyphenation of ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation high resolution mass spectrometry: Part 1. Study of the coupling parameters for the analysis of natural non-polar compounds

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