17 research outputs found
UPDATE ON GUIDELINES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BY THE CROATIAN SOCIETY FOR NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE CROATIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND CROATIAN SOCIETY OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND NEUROGENETICS
Multipla skleroza (MS) je bolest srediÅ”njeg živÄanog sustava koja se prezentira brojnim simptomima iz razliÄitih funkcijskih cjelina toga sustava. Kako se posljednjih godina poveÄao broj dostupnih lijekova, ukazuje se potreba trajne provjere saznanja o dijagnostici i lijeÄenju ove bolesti putem medicine temeljene na dokazima. Time se nameÄe i potreba kontinuiranog obnavljanja nacionalnih i meÄunarodnih smjernica, u naÅ”em sluÄaju, na razini regionalnih smjernica Europskog odbora za lijeÄenje i istraživanje multiple skleroze (engl. ECTRIMS, European Committee of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis) i Europske neuroloÅ”ke akademije (engl. EAN, European Academy of Neurology) s ciljem omoguÄavanja najbolje medicinske terapije za svakog bolesnika, koja je temeljena na individualiziranom pristupu. Temelji novih smjernica su nedavno ažurirane EAN-ove preporuke za razvoj smjernica, koje su rezultat iscrpnog istraživanja literature do prosinca 2016. godine. S obzirom na rizik od sistemske pogreÅ”ke, kvaliteta dokaza za svaki ishod bila je stupnjevana u Äetiri kategorije kako slijedi: vrlo visoka, visoka, niska i vrlo niska. S obzirom na kvalitetu dokaza te omjera rizika i dobrobiti preporukama je pridružena snažna i slaba jaÄina. Pozornost istraživanja bila je usmjerena na nekoliko najvažnijih pitanja, koja su obuhvaÄala uspjeÅ”nost lijeÄenja, odgovor na primijenjenu terapiju, strategiju za prepoznavanje odgovarajuÄeg odgovora i sigurnost, te terapijsku strategiju lijeÄenja multiple skleroze u trudnoÄi. Smjernicama su obuhvaÄeni svi lijekovi koji modifi ciraju tijek bolesti, a koji su odobreni od strane Europske agencije za lijekove (engl. EMA, European Medicine Agency). U posebne skupine rasporeÄeni su bolesnici s kliniÄki izoliranim sindromom koji ne ispunjavaju dijagnostiÄke kriterije za kliniÄki defi nitivnu MS, dok su bolesnici s dokazanom MS podijeljeni s obzirom na razliÄite kliniÄke podtipove MS-a sukladno važeÄim dijagnostiÄkim smjernicama.Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the central nervous system (CNS) and presents by numerous symptoms from different CNS functional systems. As the number of available treatments has increased in recent years, the need has emerged for continuous evaluation on MS diagnosis and treatment based on evidence-based medicine. This implies the need for continuous renewal of national and international guidelines, in our case, based on the regional guidelines of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) with the aim of providing the best medical therapy for each patient, based on an individualized approach. These new guidelines are based on the recently updated EAN recommendations that have been derived as the result of exhaustive literature research as of December 2016. Given the risk of system error, the quality of evidence for each outcome has been subdivided into four categories, as follows: very high, high, low and very low. Given the quality of evidence and the risk and benefit ratio, the recommendations are accompanied by strong and weak strength. The research was focused on several key issues, including treatment effectiveness, response to therapy applied, strategy for recognizing appropriate response and safety, and therapeutic strategy for MS treatment during pregnancy. The guidelines cover all medicines that modify the course of the disease and are approved by the European Medicines Agency. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome that do not meet diagnostic criteria for clinically definitive MS have been assigned to special groups while patients with proven MS are divided into different clinical subtypes of MS in accordance with valid diagnostic guidelines
UPDATE ON GUIDELINES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BY THE CROATIAN SOCIETY FOR NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE CROATIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND CROATIAN SOCIETY OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND NEUROGENETICS
Multipla skleroza (MS) je bolest srediÅ”njeg živÄanog sustava koja se prezentira brojnim simptomima iz razliÄitih funkcijskih cjelina toga sustava. Kako se posljednjih godina poveÄao broj dostupnih lijekova, ukazuje se potreba trajne provjere saznanja o dijagnostici i lijeÄenju ove bolesti putem medicine temeljene na dokazima. Time se nameÄe i potreba kontinuiranog obnavljanja nacionalnih i meÄunarodnih smjernica, u naÅ”em sluÄaju, na razini regionalnih smjernica Europskog odbora za lijeÄenje i istraživanje multiple skleroze (engl. ECTRIMS, European Committee of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis) i Europske neuroloÅ”ke akademije (engl. EAN, European Academy of Neurology) s ciljem omoguÄavanja najbolje medicinske terapije za svakog bolesnika, koja je temeljena na individualiziranom pristupu. Temelji novih smjernica su nedavno ažurirane EAN-ove preporuke za razvoj smjernica, koje su rezultat iscrpnog istraživanja literature do prosinca 2016. godine. S obzirom na rizik od sistemske pogreÅ”ke, kvaliteta dokaza za svaki ishod bila je stupnjevana u Äetiri kategorije kako slijedi: vrlo visoka, visoka, niska i vrlo niska. S obzirom na kvalitetu dokaza te omjera rizika i dobrobiti preporukama je pridružena snažna i slaba jaÄina. Pozornost istraživanja bila je usmjerena na nekoliko najvažnijih pitanja, koja su obuhvaÄala uspjeÅ”nost lijeÄenja, odgovor na primijenjenu terapiju, strategiju za prepoznavanje odgovarajuÄeg odgovora i sigurnost, te terapijsku strategiju lijeÄenja multiple skleroze u trudnoÄi. Smjernicama su obuhvaÄeni svi lijekovi koji modifi ciraju tijek bolesti, a koji su odobreni od strane Europske agencije za lijekove (engl. EMA, European Medicine Agency). U posebne skupine rasporeÄeni su bolesnici s kliniÄki izoliranim sindromom koji ne ispunjavaju dijagnostiÄke kriterije za kliniÄki defi nitivnu MS, dok su bolesnici s dokazanom MS podijeljeni s obzirom na razliÄite kliniÄke podtipove MS-a sukladno važeÄim dijagnostiÄkim smjernicama.Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the central nervous system (CNS) and presents by numerous symptoms from different CNS functional systems. As the number of available treatments has increased in recent years, the need has emerged for continuous evaluation on MS diagnosis and treatment based on evidence-based medicine. This implies the need for continuous renewal of national and international guidelines, in our case, based on the regional guidelines of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) with the aim of providing the best medical therapy for each patient, based on an individualized approach. These new guidelines are based on the recently updated EAN recommendations that have been derived as the result of exhaustive literature research as of December 2016. Given the risk of system error, the quality of evidence for each outcome has been subdivided into four categories, as follows: very high, high, low and very low. Given the quality of evidence and the risk and benefit ratio, the recommendations are accompanied by strong and weak strength. The research was focused on several key issues, including treatment effectiveness, response to therapy applied, strategy for recognizing appropriate response and safety, and therapeutic strategy for MS treatment during pregnancy. The guidelines cover all medicines that modify the course of the disease and are approved by the European Medicines Agency. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome that do not meet diagnostic criteria for clinically definitive MS have been assigned to special groups while patients with proven MS are divided into different clinical subtypes of MS in accordance with valid diagnostic guidelines
Smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje epilepsije
SAŽETAK
MeÄunarodne smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje epilepsija opÄenite su, sveobuhvatne i ne prepoznaju lokalne specifiÄnosti poput ekonomskih i tehniÄkih moguÄnosti u pojedinim državama, dostupnosti pojedinih antiepileptika ili drugih metoda lijeÄenja i sliÄno. Stoga se nameÄe potreba izrade nacionalnih smjernica, Äiji su zapravo temelj meÄunarodne smjernice Internacionalne lige protiv epilepsije. Hrvatske smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje epilepsija plod su suradnje svih relevantnih struÄnih druÅ”tava i referentnih centara u RH, na Äelu s Hrvatskom ligom protiv epilepsije te Hrvatskim neuroloÅ”kim druÅ”tvom i Hrvatskim druÅ”tvom za djeÄju neurologiju Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora, a odražavaju aktualne socioekonomske i regulatorne specifiÄnosti u naÅ”oj zemlji, najnovije spoznaje farmakoloÅ”kih profila i uÄinkovitosti pojedinih antiepileptika kao i ekspertna miÅ”ljenja. AntiepileptiÄka terapija se uvodi nakon postavljanja dijagnoze epilepsije, stoga profilaktiÄka primjena nije opravdana. Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze potrebno je bolesnika informirati o prognozi bolesti, moguÄnostima lijeÄenja i samopomoÄi, životnim ograniÄenjima te moguÄim neželjenim dogaÄajima. Ciljevi farmakoterapije epilepsija su potpuna kontrola napada uz izbjegavanje nuspojava te održavanje ili poboljÅ”anje kvalitete života. Zlatni standard lijeÄenja je monoterapija odnosno primjena adekvatnog antiepileptika u adekvatnoj dozi. Izbor i titracija lijeka su individualni, a temelje se na smjernicama za lijeÄenje pojedinih vrsta napada, karakteristikama bolesnika i regulatorno specifiÄnim Äimbenicima. Nakon neuspjeha inicijalne monoterapije, potrebna je reevalucija anamnestiÄkih i dijagnostiÄkih podataka te potom postupna i spora zamjena antiepileptika. Racionalna politerapija podrazumijeva kombinaciju dvaju antiepileptika razliÄitih mehanizama djelovanja, prvog ili eventualno drugog izbora za postavljenju dijagnozu, niskoga interakcijskog potencijala, razliÄitog profila nuspojava i sinergistiÄkog ili aditivnog djelovanja. Zamjena generiÄkih ili originalnog i generiÄkog oblika lijeka nije preporuÄljiva, a poglavito nakon postizanja remisije ili prilikom uzimanja visokih doza lijeka. Ukidanje antiepileptiÄke terapije treba biti postupno i sporo, u sluÄaju politerapije jedan po jedan lijek, a u donoÅ”enju odluke o ukidanju, kao i o uvoÄenju antiepileptika, mora biti ukljuÄen bolesnik i njegova obitelj
Detection of positive selection signatures in the genome of Croatian sheep
OvÄarstvo je jedan od najvažnijih stoÄarskih sektora u mediteranskom podruÄju
Hrvatske odakle potjeÄe veÄina hrvatskih autohtonih pasmina. Prisutni signali pozitivne
selekcije posljedica su adaptacije na oskudne okoliÅ”ne Äimbenike, ali i odabira (selekcije)
ljudi. U ovom istraživanju je uz autosome bio ukljuÄen i spolni kromosom X (kod ženskih
jedinki), zbog utjecaja spolno vezanog nasljeÄivanja na ekonomski i evolucijski važna
svojstva. Cilj rada bio je identificirati signale pozitivne selekcije putem dvije metode, iHS i
eROHi, koristeÄi uzorak veliÄine 102 jedinke iz 4 autohtone pasmine ovaca Hrvatske i 606
006 SNP-ova (InfiniumĀ® HD SNP BeadChip), na kojem je prije analize obavljena kontrola
kvalitete. Obje metode temelje se na analizi genomskih varijacija unutar jedne velike metapopulacije,
koja ovdje predstavlja hrvatske autohtone pasmine ovaca. UoÄeni su mnogi
ekonomski i evolucijski važni geni te je tako razjaŔnjena prisutnost pojedinih signala u
populaciji. Za precizniju i pouzdaniju analizu potrebno je poveÄati uzorak te ukljuÄiti joÅ”
metoda identifikacije.Sheep farming is one of the most important livestock sectors in the Mediterranean
region of Croatia, where most of the Croatian autochthonous breeds originate from. The
present positive selection signatures are a consequence of adaptation to scarce
environmental factors, but also of artificial selection. In addition to autosomes, sex
chromosome X (in females) was included in this study because of the known influence of
sex-linked inheritance on many economically and evolutionarily important traits. The aim of
this study was to identify positive selection signatures by two methods, iHS and eROHi,
using a sample size of 102 individuals from 4 Croatian autochthonous breeds and 606 006
SNPs (InfiniumĀ® HD SNP BeadChip) on which quality control was performed before analysis.
Both methods are based on the analysis of genomic variation within a large metapopulation,
which here represents Croatian autochthonous sheep breeds. Many
economically and evolutionarily relevant genes were identified, highlighting the presence of
multiple signatures in the population. For a more accurate and reliable analysis, it is
necessary to increase the sample size and include additional identification methods
Detection of positive selection signatures in the genome of Croatian sheep
OvÄarstvo je jedan od najvažnijih stoÄarskih sektora u mediteranskom podruÄju
Hrvatske odakle potjeÄe veÄina hrvatskih autohtonih pasmina. Prisutni signali pozitivne
selekcije posljedica su adaptacije na oskudne okoliÅ”ne Äimbenike, ali i odabira (selekcije)
ljudi. U ovom istraživanju je uz autosome bio ukljuÄen i spolni kromosom X (kod ženskih
jedinki), zbog utjecaja spolno vezanog nasljeÄivanja na ekonomski i evolucijski važna
svojstva. Cilj rada bio je identificirati signale pozitivne selekcije putem dvije metode, iHS i
eROHi, koristeÄi uzorak veliÄine 102 jedinke iz 4 autohtone pasmine ovaca Hrvatske i 606
006 SNP-ova (InfiniumĀ® HD SNP BeadChip), na kojem je prije analize obavljena kontrola
kvalitete. Obje metode temelje se na analizi genomskih varijacija unutar jedne velike metapopulacije,
koja ovdje predstavlja hrvatske autohtone pasmine ovaca. UoÄeni su mnogi
ekonomski i evolucijski važni geni te je tako razjaŔnjena prisutnost pojedinih signala u
populaciji. Za precizniju i pouzdaniju analizu potrebno je poveÄati uzorak te ukljuÄiti joÅ”
metoda identifikacije.Sheep farming is one of the most important livestock sectors in the Mediterranean
region of Croatia, where most of the Croatian autochthonous breeds originate from. The
present positive selection signatures are a consequence of adaptation to scarce
environmental factors, but also of artificial selection. In addition to autosomes, sex
chromosome X (in females) was included in this study because of the known influence of
sex-linked inheritance on many economically and evolutionarily important traits. The aim of
this study was to identify positive selection signatures by two methods, iHS and eROHi,
using a sample size of 102 individuals from 4 Croatian autochthonous breeds and 606 006
SNPs (InfiniumĀ® HD SNP BeadChip) on which quality control was performed before analysis.
Both methods are based on the analysis of genomic variation within a large metapopulation,
which here represents Croatian autochthonous sheep breeds. Many
economically and evolutionarily relevant genes were identified, highlighting the presence of
multiple signatures in the population. For a more accurate and reliable analysis, it is
necessary to increase the sample size and include additional identification methods
Genomic Diversity Analyses of Some Indigenous Montenegrin Sheep Populations
Montenegro has a great diversity of indigenous and locally developed sheep breeds, adapted to different regions and climates. However, the current trend of the steady decline in sheep populations means that some of them are threatened with extinction. The aim of this study was the investigation of the genetic diversity and population structure of five Montenegrin sheep populations, using the OvineSNP50K BeadChip. Data from the studied sheep were supplemented with publicly available genotypes of worldwide breeds to determine admixture contributions and genetic relationships. Higher genetic diversity and low inbreeding were observed in Pivska Pramenka and Sjenicka sheep, with Ho = 0.411, He = 0.423, and FROH>2Mb = 0.056 and Ho = 0.421, He = 0.421, and FROH>2Mb = 0.041, respectively. Zetska Zuja had much lower FIS (0.001) and high FROH inbreeding (0.090), indicating a small population size and genetic drift. An analysis of the genetic population structure showed that Montenegrin sheep populations are genetically distinct populations. This analysis revealed the presence of admixture in most sheep populations (high heterogeneity), while genetic purity was observed in Zetska Zuja. The obtained results will help in the conservation management of endangered Montenegrin sheep populations
High-Density Genomic Characterization of Native Croatian Sheep Breeds
A recent comprehensive genomic analysis based on 50K SNP profiles has shown that the regional Balkan sheep populations have considerable genetic overlap but are distinctly different from surrounding breeds. All eight Croatian sheep breeds were represented by a small number of individuals per breed. Here, we genotyped 220 individuals representing the native Croatian sheep breeds (Istrian Sheep, Krk Island Sheep, Cres Island Sheep, Rab Island Sheep, Lika Pramenka, Pag Island Sheep, Dalmatian Pramenka, Dubrovnik Sheep) and mouflon using the Ovine Infinium Ā® HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 SNPs). In addition, we included publicly available Balkan Pramenka and other Mediterranean sheep breeds. Our analyses revealed the complex population structure of Croatian sheep breeds and their origin and geographic barriers (island versus mainland). Migration patterns confirmed the historical establishment of breeds and the pathways of gene flow. Inbreeding coefficients (F ROH>2 Mb) between sheep populations ranged from 0.025 to 0.070, with lower inbreeding coefficients observed in Dalmatian Pramenka and Pag Island Sheep and higher inbreeding in Dubrovnik sheep. The estimated effective population size ranged from 61 to 1039 for Krk Island Sheep and Dalmatian Pramenka, respectively. Higher inbreeding levels and lower effective population size indicate the need for improved conservation management to maintain genetic diversity in some breeds. Our results will contribute to breeding and conservation strategies of native Croatian sheep breeds
High-Density Genomic Characterization of Native Croatian Sheep Breeds
A recent comprehensive genomic analysis based on 50K SNP profiles has shown that the regional Balkan sheep populations have considerable genetic overlap but are distinctly different from surrounding breeds. All eight Croatian sheep breeds were represented by a small number of individuals per breed. Here, we genotyped 220 individuals representing the native Croatian sheep breeds (Istrian Sheep, Krk Island Sheep, Cres Island Sheep, Rab Island Sheep, Lika Pramenka, Pag Island Sheep, Dalmatian Pramenka, Dubrovnik Sheep) and mouflon using the Ovine Infinium Ā® HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 SNPs). In addition, we included publicly available Balkan Pramenka and other Mediterranean sheep breeds. Our analyses revealed the complex population structure of Croatian sheep breeds and their origin and geographic barriers (island versus mainland). Migration patterns confirmed the historical establishment of breeds and the pathways of gene flow. Inbreeding coefficients (F ROH>2 Mb) between sheep populations ranged from 0.025 to 0.070, with lower inbreeding coefficients observed in Dalmatian Pramenka and Pag Island Sheep and higher inbreeding in Dubrovnik sheep. The estimated effective population size ranged from 61 to 1039 for Krk Island Sheep and Dalmatian Pramenka, respectively. Higher inbreeding levels and lower effective population size indicate the need for improved conservation management to maintain genetic diversity in some breeds. Our results will contribute to breeding and conservation strategies of native Croatian sheep breeds
High-Density Genomic Characterization of Native Croatian Sheep Breeds
A recent comprehensive genomic analysis based on 50K SNP profiles has shown that the regional Balkan sheep populations have considerable genetic overlap but are distinctly different from surrounding breeds. All eight Croatian sheep breeds were represented by a small number of individuals per breed. Here, we genotyped 220 individuals representing the native Croatian sheep breeds (Istrian Sheep, Krk Island Sheep, Cres Island Sheep, Rab Island Sheep, Lika Pramenka, Pag Island Sheep, Dalmatian Pramenka, Dubrovnik Sheep) and mouflon using the Ovine InfiniumĀ® HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 SNPs). In addition, we included publicly available Balkan Pramenka and other Mediterranean sheep breeds. Our analyses revealed the complex population structure of Croatian sheep breeds and their origin and geographic barriers (island versus mainland). Migration patterns confirmed the historical establishment of breeds and the pathways of gene flow. Inbreeding coefficients (FROH>2 Mb) between sheep populations ranged from 0.025 to 0.070, with lower inbreeding coefficients observed in Dalmatian Pramenka and Pag Island Sheep and higher inbreeding in Dubrovnik sheep. The estimated effective population size ranged from 61 to 1039 for Krk Island Sheep and Dalmatian Pramenka, respectively. Higher inbreeding levels and lower effective population size indicate the need for improved conservation management to maintain genetic diversity in some breeds. Our results will contribute to breeding and conservation strategies of native Croatian sheep breeds