Blockwise Subspace Identification for Active Noise Control

In this paper, a subspace identification solution is provided for active noise control (ANC) problems. The solution is related to so-called block updating methods, where instead of updating the (feedforward) controller on a sample by sample base, it is updated each time based on a block of N samples. The use of the subspace identification based ANC methods enables non-iterative derivation and updating of MIMO compact state space models for the controller. The robustness property of subspace identification methods forms the basis of an accurate model updating mechanism, using small size data batches. The design of a feedforward controller via the proposed approach is illustrated for an acoustic duct benchmark problem, supplied by TNO Institute of Applied Physics (TNO-TPD), the Netherlands. We also show how to cope with intrinsic feedback. A comparison study with various ANC schemes, such as block filtered-U, demonstrates the increased robustness of a subspace derived controlle

Impact of time-variant turbulence behavior on prediction for adaptive optics systems

For high contrast imaging systems, the time delay is one of the major limiting factors for the performance of the extreme adaptive optics (AO) sub-system and, in turn, the final contrast. The time delay is due to the finite time needed to measure the incoming disturbance and then apply the correction. By predicting the behavior of the atmospheric disturbance over the time delay we can in principle achieve a better AO performance. Atmospheric turbulence parameters which determine the wavefront phase fluctuations have time-varying behavior. We present a stochastic model for wind speed and model time-variant atmospheric turbulence effects using varying wind speed. We test a low-order, data-driven predictor, the linear minimum mean square error predictor, for a near-infrared AO system under varying conditions. Our results show varying wind can have a significant impact on the performance of wavefront prediction, preventing it from reaching optimal performance. The impact depends on the strength of the wind fluctuations with the greatest loss in expected performance being for high wind speeds.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; Accepted to JOSA A March 201

Early-Stuart Funeral Elegies from Manuscript

This document is a collection of English funeral elegies from the years 1603 to 1640, which survive in manuscript but were not published, either in their own time or more recently. It served as the basis for James Doelman, The Daring Muse of the Early Stuart Funeral Elegy (Manchester University Press, 2021)

Adiabatic stability under semi-strong interactions: The weakly damped regime

We rigorously derive multi-pulse interaction laws for the semi-strong interactions in a family of singularly-perturbed and weakly-damped reaction-diffusion systems in one space dimension. Most significantly, we show the existence of a manifold of quasi-steady N-pulse solutions and identify a "normal-hyperbolicity" condition which balances the asymptotic weakness of the linear damping against the algebraic evolution rate of the multi-pulses. Our main result is the adiabatic stability of the manifolds subject to this normal hyperbolicity condition. More specifically, the spectrum of the linearization about a fixed N-pulse configuration contains essential spectrum that is asymptotically close to the origin as well as semi-strong eigenvalues which move at leading order as the pulse positions evolve. We characterize the semi-strong eigenvalues in terms of the spectrum of an explicit N by N matrix, and rigorously bound the error between the N-pulse manifold and the evolution of the full system, in a polynomially weighted space, so long as the semi-strong spectrum remains strictly in the left-half complex plane, and the essential spectrum is not too close to the origin

Blooming in a non-local, coupled phytoplankton-nutrient model

Recently, it has been discovered that the dynamics of phytoplankton concentrations in an ocean exhibit a rich variety of patterns, ranging from trivial states to oscillating and even chaotic behavior [J. Huisman, N. N. Pham Thi, D. M. Karl, and B. P. Sommeijer, Nature, 439 (2006), pp. 322–325]. This paper is a first step towards understanding the bifurcational structure associated with nonlocal coupled phytoplankton-nutrient models as studied in that paper. Its main subject is the linear stability analysis that governs the occurrence of the first nontrivial stationary patterns, the deep chlorophyll maxima (DCMs) and the benthic layers (BLs). Since the model can be scaled into a system with a natural singularly perturbed nature, and since the associated eigenvalue problem decouples into a problem of Sturm–Liouville type, it is possible to obtain explicit (and rigorous) bounds on, and accurate approximations of, the eigenvalues. The analysis yields bifurcation-manifolds in parameter space, of which the existence, position, and nature are confirmed by numerical simulations. Moreover, it follows from the simulations and the results on the eigenvalue problem that the asymptotic linear analysis may also serve as a foundation for the secondary bifurcations, such as the oscillating DCMs, exhibited by the model